Boyle’s Law
Abbreviations
atm - atmosphere
mm Hg - millimeters of mercury
torr - another name for mm Hg
Pa - Pascal (kPa = kilo Pascal)
K - Kelvin
°C - degrees Celsius
Conversions
K = °C + 273
1 cm3 (cubic centimeter) = 1 mL (milliliter)
1 dm3 (cubic decimeter) = 1 L (liter) = 1000 mL
Standard Conditions
0.00 °C = 273 K
1.00 atm = 760.0 mm Hg = 101.325 kPa = 101,325 Pa
1. If a 4.0 L container of helium gas has a pressure of 10.0 atm, what pressure does the gas exert if the volume is increased to 6.0 L? Answer: 6.7 atm
2. A tank of compressed air for scuba diving contains 8.5 L of gas at 204 atm pressure. What volume of air does this gas occupy at 1.0 atm? Answer: 1.7 x 103 L
3. A weather balloon has a maximum volume of 7.50 x 103 L. The balloon contains 195 L of helium gas at a pressure of 0.993 atm. What will be the pressure when the balloon is at maximum volume? Answer: 0.0261 atm
4. A quantity of CO2 gas occupies a volume of 624 L at a pressure of 1.40 atm. If this CO2 is pumped into a gas cylinder that has a volume of 80.0 L, what pressure will the CO2 exert on the cylinder? Answer: 10.9 atm
5. Assuming a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, complete the following table.
P1 / V1 / P2 / V2a. / 2.5 atm / 1.5 L / 3.8 atm / ?
b. / 705 mm Hg / 215 mL / ? / 1.52 L
c. / 10.0 kPa / 3.5 dm3 / 6.85 kPa / ?
Charles’s Law
1. A balloon contains 0.50 L of air at 25oC and is cooled to -196oC. What volume does the balloon now occupy? Answer: 0.13 L
2. A volume of 0.35 L of air at 37oC is expelled from the lungs into cold surroundings at 0.0oC. What volume does the expelled air occupy at this temperature? Answer: 0.31 L
3. A bubble of carbon dioxide gas in some unbaked bread dough has a volume of 1.15 cm3 at a temperature of 22oC. What volume will the bubble have when the bread is baked and the bubble reaches a temperature of 99oC? Answer: 1.45 cm3
4. How hot must the air in a balloon be heated if initially it has a volume of 750. L at 20oC and the final volume must be 1.0 x 103 L? Answer: 3.9 x 102 K or 1.2 x 102 oC
5. Assuming a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, complete the following table:
T1 / V1 / T2 / V2a. / ? K / 26.5 mL / 290. K / 32.9 mL
b. / 100. oC / ? dm3 / -9.0 oC / 0.83 dm3
c. / 409 K / 819 cm3 / 243 K / ? cm3