Final Review Practice

  1. Why is water a liquid, sugar a solid, and oxygen a gas at room temperature?

The intermolecular forces of attraction in sugar than that of water which in turns are stronger than those of oxygen.

  1. What is conduction? How is heat transferred through a metal frying pan to an egg?

The particles of a substance (solid) gain kinetic energy causing an increase in vibration that is passed on to adjacent particles by contact. Metal of the pan touching egg conducts heat by vibration of particles and passing the energy from the heat source to the egg.

  1. Name the following phase changes and indicate whether the change is an endothermic or an exothermic process.

‐gas to liquidCondensation/ Exo

‐solid to gasSublimation /Endo

‐liquid to gasEvaporation/Endo

‐solid to liquidMelting/Endo

  1. Using the heating curve below:

‐what change is happening from point B to point C? what is occurring on the molecular level?

The intermolecular forces that are holding the solids together are breaking apart using the energy provided.

‐explain whether or not it takes longer to melt or to boil this substance, and explain why.

It takes more energy to separate particles in a liquid to form gas than it does to separate the particles in a solid to form liquid.

  1. How do the amount of [H+] and [OH‐] compare in acid, base and neutral solutions?

Acid more [H+]

Base more [OH‐]

Neutral Equal amounts of [H+] and [OH‐]

  1. What are the pH ranges for acids and bases?

Acid: 0-7

Base:7-14

Neutral: 7

  1. Identify the following substances by their pH.

urine 6.6 Acidsaliva ‐ 7Neutralbeer – 4.5Acid

pumpkin juice ‐5 Acideggs – 7.8 Basebread – 5.5Acid

  1. Describes three tests you could perform to identify an acid, and three tests for identifying a base.

PH scale

Litmus Paper

Formula ( H, OH)

  1. What are the products of an acid reacting with a base?

Salt and Water

  1. Predict the products for the following reactions and balance each equation.

Ca(OH)2 + 2HCl →2H2O +CaCl2

H3PO4 +3NaOH→3H2O+ Na3PO4

  1. How is acid rain formed?

By Burning fossil fuelssulfuric and nitric acid areformedresulting toacid rain

  1. Why are some lakes unaffected by acid rain, while others are affected by it?

Lakes with Limestone and calcium carbonates experience less effects form acid rain because they neutralize the acid.

  1. What is temperature?

Temperatureis a measure of the average heat or thermal energy of the particles in a substance.

  1. From each of the graphs below about gases, indicate the relationship between the variables andwhich variable is being held constant?

As the volume increases the Pressure decreases.

As the Temperature increases the Pressure increases.

As the volume increases the Temperature decreases.

  1. What are all organic molecules composed of? How many bonds can it form?

Carbon-4 bonds

  1. Name each of the structures below.

  1. The green color of leaves is due to the presence of chlorophyll, C55H72O5N4Mg. A fresh leaf was foundto have 21.6 X10‐12mol of chlorophyll per cm2. How many chlorophyll molecules are in 1cm2?

21.6X10-12moleof chlorophyll6.02X1023moleculesof chlorophyll

1 moleof chlorophyll

1.3X1013 moleculesof chlorophyll

18. The recommended daily allowance of selenium for an infant is 27.3 X 10‐9 mol. How many atoms of

Selenium is this?

27.3 X 10‐9molof selenium6.02X1023Atom

1 molof selenium

1.64X1016atomsof selenium

19. A snowflake contains 10.8 X 1013 molecules of water. How many grams of water does it contain?

10.8 X1013 molecules of H2O 1 mole18 grams of H2O

6.02X1023molecules1 mole

3.23X10-9 grams

20. Ethanol (C2H5OH), a domestically produced fuel source, is often blended with gasoline. A sample of

Ethanol has a mass of 49.3 g. How many molecules does the sample contain?

49.3 grams 1 mole6.02X1023molecules

46 Grams1 mole

6.45X1023 molecules

21. The exothermic reaction between liquid hydrazine (N2H4) and liquid hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is used in rocket fuel. The products of this reaction are nitrogen and water. How many grams of nitrogen are released when136 grams of hydrazine are used up?

136 gramsof N2H2 1 mole of N2H2 1 mole of N228 Gramsof N2

30 grams of N2H2 1 mole N2H21 mole of N2

119 grams of N2

22. Write the balanced equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and silver nitrate.

‐If 18.80 g of hydrochloric acid are reacted, how many grams of silver chloride are formed?

HCl +AgNO3AgCl +HNO3

23. How many grams of carbon dioxide are produced when 12.00 grams of propane (C3H+) are burned?

18.80 g ofHCl 1 mole of HCL1mole of AgCl 143.32 g of AgCl

36.46 g of HCl1 mole of HCl 1 mole of AgCl

73.9 grams of AgCl