SUBJECT-BIOLOGY
CLASS-12th
QUESTION BANK
UNIT – 1 REPRODUCTION (14 marks)
LESSON-1 - REPRODUCTION IN ORGANISMS
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTIONS (1 marks each)
Q1 What is life spam?
Q2 What type of organisms can be considered as immortal?Give one example?
Q3 Define reproduction?
Q4 Name any two organisms where cell division is mode of reproduction.
Q5 What is asesual reproduction?
Q6 What is zygote?
Q7 What marks the end of juvenile phase?
Q8 Name the palnt which flower once in 12 years?
Q9 What do you understand by oestrus cycle?
Q10 What is menstrual cycle?
Q11 What do you mean by seasonal breaders?
Q12 Define Clone?
Q13 Write one adavantage of cloning?
Q14 What is budding?
Q15 Define gemmules?
Q16 What is vegetative propogation?
Q17 How does potato multiply?
Q18 How does ginger and banana multiply?
Q19 What are antherozoid?
Q20 What is gamete?
SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTIONS (2 marks each)
Q1 What is syngamy?
Q2 What is result of syngamy?
Q3 What is meant bymeiocytes?
Q4 Name two plants having diploid body?
Q5 Name one biosexual and one unisxual animal?
Q9.Cucurbits are referred to as monoecious.Justify the statement.
Q10.How does the progeny formed asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual
reproduction?
Q11.What a fruit,seed and an embryo?
Q12.Differentiate between binary fission and budding.
Q13.State the difference between external and internal fertilization.
Q14.Differentiate between gametogenesis and embryogenesis.
Q15.Differentiate between oviparous and viviparous.
Q16.Explain why meoisis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?
Q17.Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.
Q18.Describe the post fertilisation changes in flower.
Q19.How many haploid cells are present in a mature female gametophyte of a flowering plant? Name
them.
Q20.Mention the reasons for difference in ploidy of zygote and primary endosperm nucleus in an
angiosperm.
EXPLAIN SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 marks each)
Q1.Why higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its complexity?
Q2.What is fission? What is basic difference between fission in amoeba and paramoecium?
Q3.What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animals.
Q4.Define juvenile phase, reproductive phase and senescence phase.
Q5.Explain events of prefertilisation.
Q6.Explain the type of progeny formd from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual
reproduction.
Q7.What is vegetative reproduction?give two examples.
Q8.Which is a better mode of reproduction- sexual or asexual. Why?
Q9.Why is reproduction is essential for organisms?
Q10.What is internal fertilisation?give two examples.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 marks each)
Q1.What are vegetative propagules? Name any four of them along with an example for each.
Q2.What are the three phases in sexual reproduction of an organism and mention what major events
occur in each of them.
Q3.The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal.justify.
Q4.How are seeds advantageous to flowering plants?
Q5.Explain apomixis and polyembryony.
Q6.Why is water hyacinth is called TERROR OF BENGAL ?
Q10.Explain the events of sexual reproduction.
Q11.How do organisms formed from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual
Reproduction?
LESSON-2
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 marks each)
Q1.How many nuclei are present in a fully developed male gametophyte of flowering plants?
Q2.Name the kind of pollination in maize.
Q3.What features of flowers facilitate pollination by birds?
Q4.What technical term is applied to fruits formed without fertilisation?
Q5.What nuclei fuse to give rise to endosperm?
Q6.What is double fertilisation?
Q7.What is shield shaped single cotyledon of monocots called?
Q8.Who discovered double fertilisation in angiosperms?
Q9.Name a triploid tissue in the seed.
Q10.Name a plant where dichogamy is found.
Q11.Name a plant which produces cleistogamic flowers.
Q12.Name the two nuclei found in a pollen grain.
Q13.Name the tissue present in the fertilised ovules of angiospermic plants that supplies food and
nourishment to the developing embryo.
Q14 Which technical term is used when the pollen grains are transferred from one flower to stigma of the
same flower?
Q15. Which technical term is used when pollen grains are transferred from anther of a flower to the
stigma of another flower of another plant?
Q16.What is the site of microsporogenesis?
Q17.What is the site of megasporogenesis?
Q18.Which cell of male gametophyte produces the male gamate?
Q19.What is the function of tapetum?
Q20 Define parthenocarpy.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 marks each)
Q1 Draw a labelled diagram of the L.S. of an ovule just before fertilisation.
Q2 Mention any two contrivances by which plants are able to prevenseli-pollination in bisexual flower?
Q3 Draw a diagram of L.S. of an anatropous ovule of n angiosperm and label the following parts?
Q4Write two difference between parthenogenesis and parthenocarpy in plants?
Q5Give the technical term for the following:
(i)Pollination by wind (ii) pollination by water (iii)pollination by animals,(iv) Pollination by birds
(v)Pollination by bat (vi)Pollination by insects.
Q6What is geitonogamy?Give its one similarly to (a) autogamy and xenogamy.
Q7.Draw a diagram of fully developed male gametophyte
Q8.Give two examples of each:
i.Wind pollinated plants (anaemophilous)
ii.Water pollinated plants (hydrophilous)
iii.Insect pollinated plants (entomophilous)
iv.bird pollinated plants (ornithophilous)
Q9.What is emasculation?Explain its importance in hybridisation.
Q10.What are the constituents of egg apparatus?site its location in the flower/ovule?
Q11.What will be the ploidy of the cells of thrnucellus.microspore mother cell, the functional megaspore
and female gametophyte?
Q12.What is filliform apparatus? what is its function?
Q13.What is apomixis? what is its importance?
Q14.What is pericarp? mention its function.
Q15.Draw a labelled diagram of V.S. (L.S.) of an apple.
Q16.Draw a diagram of typical dicot embryo and label any four parts including the reduced suspensor.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (3 marks each)
Q1 Enumaerate any six adaptive floral charcterstics of a wind pollinated plant?
Q2 Why do you think the exine should be hard? What is the function of germ pore?
Q3 State the siginifiance of pollination?List any four difference between wind pollinated and animal
pollinated flower?
Q4 What is agamosphermy?How is agamoshermy different from pathenogenesis and parthenocarpy?
Q5 Trace the development of female gametophte (embryo sac) from megaspore mather cell in a
flower?Give a labelled diagram of the final stage of female gemetophyte?
Q6 Given below is an enlarged view ofone microsporangium of a mature anther?
(i) Name 'a'. 'b' and 'c' wall layers?
(ii)Mention the charactersticks and function of the cell forming wall layer 'c'.
Q7 Write briefly the role of pollination in the growTh and development in an angiosperm.
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 marks each)
Q1.Draw a labelled diagram of the L.S. of embryo of grasses.How does it differ from that of bean?
Q2.Trace the events that would take place in a flower from the time the pollen grain of the same species
falls on the stigma up to the completion of fertilisation.
Q3.a.With the help of a labelled diagram depict the organisation of a typical embryo sac just after double
Fertilization.
b. How are seeds advantageous to angiosperms?
Q4 Write the adaptations for water pollination/hydrophily.
Q5 Draw well labelled diagram of typical monocotyledons embryo.
Q6 With the neat labelled diagram describe the parts of a typical angiosperm ovule.
Q7 With a neat diagram explain the 7-celled, 8-nucleate nature of the female gametophyte.
Q8 What are chasmogamous flowers? Can cross pollination occurscleistogamous flowers? Give reasons
for your answer.
Q9 Differentiate coleoptile and coleorhiza.
CHAPTER-3
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 marks each)
Q1.What is the function of acrosome in a sperm?
Q2.Name the term used in metamorphosis of spermatids?
Q3.Name the scientific term used for the membrane that surrounds an ovum.
Q4.What is the function of bulbourethral glands?
Q5.What is the function of leydig cells or interstitial cells?
Q6.How many chromosomes are present in a human male sperm?
Q7.At what stage is the human embryo implanted in the uterus?
Q8.What is the function of scrotum?
Q9.Name the fluid which protects an embryo.
Q10.How many sperms will be produced from 50 primary spermatocytes?
Q11.What is trophoblast?
Q12 What do you mean by foetus ejection reflex?
Q13.EXPAND i.HCG ii.FSH Q14.Define spermiogenesis.Where does it occur?
Q15.What is endometrium?
Q16.What is corona radiata?
Q17.Name the three layers of uterine wall.
Q18.What is corpus leuteum?
Q19.Name the tissue which lines the inner surfaces of fallopian tube
Q20.Where does fertilisation normally takes in human female?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (2 marks each)
Q1.What is ovulation? What happens to the graffian follicle after ovulation?
Q2.Draw a diagram of T.S.of the part of seminiferous tubule of testis of an adult male and label any four
parts in it.
Q3.First half of the menstrual cycle is caleedproloferative phase or follicular phase.Explain
Q4.Spermatids possesses haploin chromosomes number.Explain.
Q5.State any two differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Q6.What is corpus leteum? under what conditions does it undergoes degeneration?
Q7.Differentiate between morula and blastula.
Q8.Distinguish between.
i.coronaradiata and zonapellucida
ii.blastula and gastrula
Q9.Why the testis are present outside the abdominal cavity in human male?
Q10.Where do sperms mature and becomes motile?
Q11.Why does meiosis amdmitotis occur in germ cells?
Q12.How is milk production regulated by hormones in human females.Explain.
Q13.Who dicoveredsertolicells ?.mention their role in spermatogenesis.
Q14.What is seminal plasma?What are its componenets?
Q15.Write a brief account of structure and function of placenta.
Q16.Mention the sites of action of the hormones GnRH and FSH during spermatogenesis in human
males.give one function of each of the hormones.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 marks each)
Q1.What is pregnancy hormone?Why is it so called?Name two sources of this hormone in a human
female.
Q2.What is the number of chromosomes in the following cells of a human male?
i.Spermatogonial cells ii.Spermatidsiii.Primaryspermatocytesiv.Sertoli cells
Q3.What is the number of chromosomes in the following cells of human female?
i.Primaryoocyteii.Ootidiii.Secondaryoocytesiv.Follicle cells.
Q4.Briefly decribe the stages of spermatogenesis in human male.
Q5.A sperm has just fertilised a human egg in the fallopian tube.Trace the events that the fertilised egg
will undergo up to the implantation of the blastocyst in the uterus.
Q6.Make a digrammatic sketch of threlecton microscopic view of a mammalian sperm.Label any six parts
in its head, neck and middle piece.
Q7.What happens to the blastocyst immediately after implantation?
Q8.Draw a labelled diagram of the sectional view of mammary gland.
Q9.What is meant by each of the following:
i.primary follicle ii.secondary follicle iii. tertiary follicle
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 marks each)
Q1.Describe the functions of the following:
i.Epididymis ii. Vas deferens iii.Seminiferous tubules iii.Vaginaiv.Trophoblastv.Scrotum
Q2.Write briefly the changes in the following organs in the different phasesof the menstrual cycle.
i.Ovariesii.Uterusiii.Fallopian tube.
Q3.Draw a flow chart to show hormonal control of human male reproductive system,highlighting the
inhibitory and stimulatory directions in it.
Q4.Draw a diagram of human female reproductive system and label any ten parts in it.
Q5.What is menstruation? What are the specific reproductive system and label any ten parts in it.
Q6.Draw a labelled diagram showing the parts of human male reproductive system .label ten parts in it.
Q7.Define oogenesis.Brieflydescribe the stages of oogenesis in human females.
Q8.Explain megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis.
Q9 Explain gametogenesis and spermatogenesis.
Q10.What is menstruation ? What are specific actions of FSH,LH,estrogenandprogestron in the
menstrual
Cycle?
CHAPTER - 4
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (1 marks each)
Q1.Expand ZIFT and RTI.
Q2.What are the commonly used barrier methods of contraception?
Q3.Name the causative agents of AIDS.
Q4.Expand MMR and IMR.
Q5.Define population explosion.
Q6.What is lactation amenorrhea?
Q7.Expand IUD and MTP.
Q8.Give two examples of natural methods of contraceptions.
Q9.What is artifical insemination?
Q10.What technique would you suggest for correcting infertility caused due to very low sperm counts of a
male partner.?
Q11.Mention early symptoms of STDs.
Q12.Bring out one main differnce between CuT and LNG -20.
Q13.Give the technical terms for foetal sex determination test basedon the chromosomal pattern in the
aminotic fluid surrounding the developing embryo.
Q14.What general term is given to the method in which male partner withdraws his penis from the penis
just before ejaculation so as to avoid insemination?
Q15.Name the surgical methods for contaceptions.
Q16.What is sterilisation?
Q17.Name two STD caused by bacteria.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTONS (2 marks each)
Q1. Mention any four characteristics thet an ideal contaceptive should have.
Q2.A couple is eager to know the sex of the unborn child.Whatdiagonistic technique willtou
suggest?What social abuse is assoscated with the applications of the technique?
Q3.Describe the chemical methods of sex control.
Q4.Write the name of pathogen thet causes AIDS.how it is transmitted?
Q5.Why are medical termination of pregnancy (MTPs) carried out?
Q6.Give two examples of intra uterine devices (IUDs). How do they function?
Q7.What is aminocentesis?
Q8.Name the age group where sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are reprted to be very high Mention
three practises to avoid them.
Q9.How do surgical procedurs prevent conception in humans?mention the way it is achieved in human
males.
Q10.Why is SAHELI consisdered to be an improved form of oral contraceptive for human female?
Q11.How do pills act as as contraceptives in human female?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 marks each)
Q1 Explain the permanent methods of birth control?
Q2 Describe the three manners in which fertilisation of human ovum by a sperm can be prevented?
Q3 What are the barrier method of birth control?Explain?
Q4 Name three incurable sexually transmitted diseases and their causative organisms?
Q5 What are the consequence of population explosion?
Q6 Why is the term test tube baby is a misnomer?
Q7 Write the role of harmones in contraception?
Q8 What do you mean by contraception?Name the natural methods of contraception?
Q9Describe the differntmethod of embryo transfer?
Q10How do the following contraceptives act to prevent unwanted pregnancy in human female?
(i)Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs)
(ii)''Saheli''.
Q11Describe the technique by which by which genetic disorder in a developing foetus can be detected?
LOND ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 marks each)
Q1 What do you mean by reproductive halth?Mention the different ways in which people are made aware
of the signifiace of reproductively heath society?
Q2 Describe vasectomy and tubectomy with diagram?
Q3 Expand the following:
(i)ART (ii)GIFT (iii)ICSI (iv)RTI (v)IUI
Q4 Describe the various methods of birth control?
Q5 Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present
scenario.
Q6 Explain the following terms :-
A. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
B. Artificial Insemination technique
Q7 Describe the different methods of embryo transfer.
Q8 Write the role of hormones in contraception.
Q9 Why is the term test tube baby is a misnomer?
UNIT – 2 (18 marks)
CHAPTER-5
PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTION (1 marks each)
Q1 Define the term genetics.
Q2 Who coined the term gene?
Q3 Name the father of Genetics.
Q4 What are alleles?
Q5 What is hybridisation?
Q6 What is hybrid?
Q7 What is meant by genotype?
Q8 What is meant by phenotype?
Q9 Who rediscoverd Mendel's law of heredity?
Q10 What is monohybrid cross?
Q11 Define dihybrid cross?
Q12 Write two contrasting traits of pea palnt worked by mendal?
Q13 Define a gene pool?
Q14 What is genome?
Q15 What are pleiotropic gene?
Q16 Define hetrozygous.
Q17 Define recessive factor.
Q18 What is gene locus?
Q19 what are linked genes?
Q20 What is linkage?
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 marks each)
Q1 Why did Mendal choose garden pea for his experiment?How did he make sure that the plant were
true breeding?
Q2 List any four symptoms of down's syndrome.What is the basis of this disorder?
Q3 Why are haemophilia and colour blindness usually seen in humsnmales?Can women are also
develope his disorder?Explain?
Q4 For flower color in pea,the allele for purple flower (P)is dominent to the allele for white flower (p).A
puple flowered plant therefore could be genotype PP or Pp.Whatgentic
cross would you make to determine the genotype of a purple flowered plant?Explain how your cross
gives you the correct genotype of the purple flowered plant?
Q5 Work out F1 and F2 generation to explian the inheritence of flower color in PisumSatvum.Give the
phenotpe and genotype ratio (start with pure breeding)?
Q6 What is the chromosomal basis of Turner's Syndrome?Mention the sex and any three symptoms of
this disorder.
Q7 In garden pea (Pisumsativum) a plant with red flowers wascrossed with aplant with white flowers.
Work out the possible genotypes and phenotypes of F1 and
F2generations.State any one of the Mendel's that could be derived from this cross?
Q8 In snap dragon a plant with red flowers was crossed with a plant with white flowers.Work out all the
possible genotypes and phenotypes of F1andF2 generations.
Comment on the pattern of innheritance in this case.
Q9In garden pea a plant with yellow seeds was crossed with aplant with green seeds.Work out all the
genotypes and phenotypes of F1 and F2 Generations.
Comment on the pattern of inheritance in this cross.
Q10 (i)State the principle of independent assortment.
(ii)How would the following affect the phenomenon of independent assortment.
(a)Crossing over (b)Linkage
Q11List any four symptoms shown by Klinefelter's Syndrome sufferer.Explain the cause of this disease.
Q12 List any four symptoms shown by a Down's syndrome affected child.Explain the causes of this
disorder.
Q13 What is aneuploidy ?Differentiate between trisomic and triploid condition. Name anyone trisomic
condition found in human.
Q14 What is co-dominance?How does it differ from incomplete dominance?
Q15How do you relate dominance,co-dominance and incomplete dominance in the inheritance of
character?
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 marks each)
Q1State Mendel's principle of independent assortment.Explain with suitable crosses,how Mendel arrived
at this conclusion.