Appendix 1
President Ronald Wilson Reagan and His Administration, 1981-89
Presidential Election Results:
Year Popular VotesElectoral Votes
1980Ronald Reagan 43,903,230 (50.8%)489
Jimmy Carter35,480,115 (41.0%) 49
John Anderson 5,719,850 (6.6%) 0
1984Ronald Reagan 54,455,472 (58.8%)525
Walter Mondale 37,577,352 (40.6%) 13
Vice President: George Herbert Walker Bush (1981-89)
Cabinet:
Secretary of State
Alexander M. Haig, Jr. (1981-82)
George P. Shultz (1982-89)
Secretary of the Treasury
Donald T. Regan (1981-85)
James A Baker III (1985-88)
Nicholas F. Brady (1988-89)
Attorney General
William French Smith (1981-85)
Edwin P. Meese III (1985-88)
Richard L. Thornburgh (1988-89)
Secretary of Defense
Caspar W. Weinberger (1981-87)
Frank C. Carlucci III (1987-89)
Secretary of the Interior
James G. Watt (1981-83)
William P. Clark (1983-85)
Donald P. Hodel (1985-89)
Secretary of Agriculture
John R. Block (1981-86)
Richard E. Lyng (1986-89)
Secretary of Commerce
Malcolm Baldridge, Jr. (1981-87)
C. William Verity (1987-89)
Secretary of Labor
Raymond J. Donovan (1981-85)
William E. Brock III (1985-87)
Ann Dore McLaughlin (1987-89)
Secretary of Health and Human Services
Richard S. Schweiker (1981-83)
Margaret M. Heckler (1983-85)
Otis R. Bowen (1985-89)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Samuel R. Pierce, Jr. (1981-89)
Secretary of Transportation
Andrew L. Lewis, Jr. (1981-83)
Elizabeth Dole (1983-87)
James H. Burnley IV (1987-89)
Secretary of Energy
James B. Edwards (1981-82)
Donald P. Hodel (1982-85)
John S. Herrington (1985-89)
Secretary of Education
Terrel H. Bell (1981-85)
William J. Bennett (1985-88)
Lauro Cavazos (1988-89)
Key White House Officials and Advisors:
Chief of Staff (and Assistant to the President)
James A. Baker III (1981-1985)
Donald T. Regan (1985-87)
Howard H. Baker (1985-88)
Kenneth Duberstein (1987-89)
Deputy Chief of Staff (and Assistant to the President)
Michael K. Deaver (1981-85)
Dennis Thomas (1985-87)
Kenneth Duberstein (1987-88)
Counselor to the President
Edwin Meese (1981-85)
Press Secretary
James Brady (1981-87)
Marlin Fitzwater (1987-88)
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
William P. Clark (1981-83)
Robert C. MacFarlane (1983-85)
Frank C. Carlucci III (1982-85)
LTG Colin L. Powell (1986-89)
Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
James W. Nance (1981-82)
VADM John M. Poindexter (1983-86)
Karna Small (1984-86)
LTG Colin L. Powell (1986-89)
Negroponte, John D.
Assistant to the President for Policy Development
Roger B. Porter (1982-85)
Edwin L. Harper (1981-89)
Martin Anderson (1981-82)
John A. Svahn (1981-87)
Charles D. Hobbs (1984-88)
Gary L. Bauer (1987-89)
Counsel to the President
Fred Fielding (1981-86)
Peter J. Wallison (1985-87)
Arthur B. Culvahouse Jr. (1987-89)
Assistant to the President for Public Liaison
Elizabeth H. Dole (1981-83)
Faith R. Whittlesey (1983-85)
Linda Gerst Chavez (Deputy Assistant) (1985-86)
Mari Maseng (1986-87)
RebeccaRange (1987-89)
Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs
Kenneth M. Duberstein (1981-83)
M.B. Oglesby, Jr. (1981-86)
William Lock Ball III (1981-88)
Assistant to the President for Presidential Personnel
James E. Pendleton
John S. Herrington (1981-85)
Robert H. Tuttle (1985-88)
Assistant to the President for Political Affairs
Edward J. Rollins (1981-83 )
Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs
Richard S. Williamson (1981-88)
Lee L. Verstandig (1983-85)
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. (1985-88)
Assistant to the President for Political and Intergovernmental Affairs
Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. (1985-88)
Frank J. Donatelli (1984-89)
Assistant to the President for Cabinet Affairs
Craig Fuller (1981-85)
Alfred K. Kingon (1985-87)
Nancy J. Risque (1987-89 )
Assistant to the President for Communications
David R. Gergen (1981-85)
Patrick J. Buchanan (1985-87 )
Thomas C. Griscom (1987-88 )
Director, Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
David A. Stockman (1981-85)
James C. Miller III (1985-88)
Deputy Director, Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Edwin L. Harper (1981-82)
Joseph R. Wright, Jr. (1982-89)
Chairman, Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)
Murry L. Weidenbaum (1981-82)
Martin Feldstein (1982-84)
Beryl Wayne Sprinkel (1985-89)
Members, Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)
William A. Niskanen (1981-84)
Thomas Gale Moore (1983-88)
Jerry Jordan (1981-82)
William Poole VII (1982-84)
Michael L. Mussa (1985-88)
U. S. Trade Representative (USTR)
William F. Brock III (1981-84)
Clayton Yeutter (1985-89)
Deputy, U.S. Trade Representative
David R. MacDonald
Michael B. Smith
Robert E. Lighthizer
M. Alan Woods
Alan F. Holmer
Michael B. Smith
Peter O. Murphy
Michael A. Samuels
Science Advisor and Director, Office of Science & Technology Policy
George A. Keyworth II (1981-85)
William R. Graham, Jr. (1986-89 )
Chairman, President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
Armstrong, Anne L. Armstrong (1982-89)
Chairman, President's Intelligence Oversight Board
W. Glenn Campbell (1982-89)
Physician to the President
Dr. Daniel A. Ruge
John E. Hutton, M.D.
Appendix 2
President George Herbert Walker Bush and His Administration, 1989-93
Presidential Election Results:
Year Popular VotesElectoral Votes
1988George H.W. Bush48,886,597 (53.4%)426
Michael Dukakis41,809,476 (45.7%)111
Vice President: J. Danforth Quayle (1989-93)
Cabinet:
Secretary of State
James A. Baker III (1989-92)
Lawrence Eagleburger (1992-93)
Secretary of the Treasury
Nicholas F. Brady (1989-93)
Attorney General
Richard L. Thornburgh (1989-91)
William P. Barr (1991-93)
Secretary of Defense
Richard B. Cheney (1989-93)
Secretary of the Interior
Manuel Lujan, Jr. (1989-93)
Secretary of Agriculture
Clayton K. Yeutter (1989-91)
Edward R. Madigan (1991-93)
Secretary of Commerce
Robert A. Mosbacher (1989-92)
Barbara H. Franklin (1992-93)
Secretary of Labor
Elizabeth H. Dole (1989-91)
Lynn M. Martin (1991-93)
Secretary of Health and Human Services
Louis W. Sullivan (1989-93)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Jack F. Kemp (1989-93)
Secretary of Transportation
Samuel K. Skinner (1989-93)
Andrew H. Card, Jr. (1992-93)
Secretary of Energy
James D. Watkins (1989-93)
Secretary of Education
Lauro F. Cavazos (1989-91)
Lamar Alexander (1991-93)
Secretary of Veterans Affairs
Edward J. Derwinski (1989-93)
Key White House Officials and Advisors:
Chief of Staff
John H. Sununu (1989-1991)
Samuel Skinner (1991-1992)
James A. Baker III (1992-1993)
Counsel to the President
C. Boyden Gray (1989-1993)
Deputy Counsel to the President
John P. Schmitz (1989-1993)
Press Secretary
Marlin Fitzwater (1989-93)
Assistant to the President and Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy
Andrew H. Card Jr. (1989-1992)
James W. Cicconi (1989-1991)
W. Henson Moore (1992-1993)
Assistant to the President for Economic and Domestic Policy
Roger Porter (1989-1993)
Deputy Assistant to the President for Policy Planning
James P. Pinkerton (1989-1992)
Counselor for Domestic Policy
Clayton Yeutter (1992-1993)
Director, Office of Policy Development
William L. Roper (1989-1990)
Roger B. Porter (1992-1993)
Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy
Charles E. M. Kolb (1990-1993)
Deputy Assistant to the President for Policy Development
Gail R. Wilensky (1992-1993)
Domestic Economic Policy Advisor
Lawrence Lindsey (1989-1992)
International Economic Policy Advisor
Stephen Farrar (1989-1992)
Warren Maruyama (1992-1993)
Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Policy Advisor
Nancy Maloley (1989-1990)
Teresa Gorman (1990-1993)
Legal Policy Advisor
Marianne McGettigan (1990-1992)
Executive Secretary to the Domestic Policy Council
Kenneth Yale (1989-1991)
Richard W. Porter (1991-1992)
Chairman, National Critical Materials Council
D. Allan Bromley (1991-1992)
Executive Director, National Critical Materials Council
David L. Huber (1991-1992)
Chairman, Council on Environmental Quality
A. Alan Hill (1989)
Michael R. Deland (1989-1993)
Science Advisor to the President (Office of Science and Technology Policy)
William R. Graham Jr. (1989)
D. Allan Bromley (Director, 1989-1993)
Director, Office of Economic and Domestic Policy
Roger B. Porter (1989-1990)
Director, Office of National Drug Control Policy
William J. Bennett (1989-1991)
Bob Martinez (1991-1993)
Assistant to the President for Economic and Domestic Policy
Roger Porter (1989-1993)
Chairman, Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)
Michael J. Boskin (1989-1993)
Executive Secretary to the Economic Policy Council
William J. Maroni (1989-1990)
J. French Hill (1992-1993)
Lehmann Li (1990)
Olin Lewis Wethington (1991-1992)
U.S. Trade Representative (USTR)
Carla Anderson Hills (1989-1993)
Deputy U.S. Trade Representative
Michael B. Smith (1989-1990)
Alan F. Holmer (1989-1990)
Michael A. Samuels (1989-1990)
Julius L. Katz (1990-1993)
S. Linn Williams (1990- 1991)
Rufus Yerxa (1990-1993)
Michael H. Moskow (1992-1993)
Director, Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
Richard G. Darman (1989-1993)
Deputy Director, Office of Management and Budget
John F. Cogan (1989-1990)
William M. Diefenderfer (1990-1991)
Robert E. Grady (1992-1993)
Deputy Director for Management (OMB)
Frank Hodsoll (1992-1993)
Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs
Frederick D. McClure (1989-1992)
Nicholas E. Calio (1992-1993)
Director of the Office of Legislative Affairs
Stephen T. Hart (1991-1992)
Joshua B. Bolten (1992-1993)
Deputy Assistant for Legislative Affairs - House
Nicholas E. Calio (1989-1991)
Gary J. Andres (1991-1993)
Deputy Assistant for Legislative Affairs - Senate
E. Boyd Hollingsworth Jr. (1989-1991)
James W. Dyer (1991-1993)
Special Assistant for Legislative Affairs - House
John W. Howard (1989-1993)
Gary J. Andres (1989-1991)
Nancy P. Dorn (1989-1990)
Frances M. Norris (1990-1992)
ArnoldI. Havens (1991-1993)
Kim F. McKernan (1992-1993)
Special Assistant for Legislative Affairs - Senate
Brian K. Waidmann (1989-1993)
David P. Sloane (1989-1991)
Shawn H. Smeallie (1991-1993)
Penelope Payne (1991-1992)
Linda E. Tarplin (1992-1993)
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
LT. Gen. Brent Scowcroft (1989-1993) (retired, USAF)
Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
Robert M. Gates (1989-1992)
ADM. Jonathan T. Howe (1992-1993) (USN)
Military Assistant to the Assistant to the President
Robert M. Gates (1989)
Chairman, President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
Anne L. Armstrong (1989-1990)
JohnG.Tower (1990-1991)
Bobby Ray Inman (1991-1993)
Vice Chairman, President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
Leo Cherne (1989-1990)
Bobby Ray Inman (1991)
Director, Office of Cabinet Affairs
Phillip D. Brady (1989-1990)
Stephen I. Danzansky (1990-1992)
Director, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs
Debra Rae Anderson (1989-1992)
Bobbie G. Kilberg (1992-1993)
Director, Office of Presidential Personnel
Charles G. Untermeyer (1989-1992)
Constance J. Horner (1991-1993)
Staff Secretary
James W. Cicconi (1989-1991)
Phillip D. Brady (1991-1993)
Assistant Staff Secretary
John S. Gardner (1989-1992)
Deputy Assistant for Appointments and Scheduling
Joseph W. Hagin II (1989-1991)
Katherine Super (1991-1993)
Director, Office of Administration
Paul W. Bateman (1989-1993)
Deputy Director, Office of Administration
Hector F. Irastorza Jr. (1989-1992)
Director, Office of National Service
C. Gregg Petersmeyer (1992-1993)
Cabinet Secretary
David Q. Bates Jr. (1989-1991)
Edith E. Holiday (1991-1993)
Deputy Assistant for Cabinet Liaison
Gary R. Blumenthal (1991-1993)
Director, White House Operations
Rose M. Zamaria (1989-1993)
Director, White House Military Office
COL. Antonio Lopez (1989)
LT. GEN. Richard G. Trefry (Ret., USA) (1989-1992)
John A. Gaughan (1992-1993)
Physician to the President
Burton J. Lee III, MD (1989-1993)
Appendix 3
Bills Vetoed by Ronald W. Reagan (1981-89)
* = veto overridden by Congress
97th Congress (1981-82)
H.J.RES.357 (November 23, 1981). Continuing appropriations for FY 1982.
S.1503 (March 20, 1982). Standby Petroleum Allocation Act.
H.R.5118 (June 1, 1982). Papago Indian Tribe rights.
H.R.5922 (June 24, 1982). Urgent supplemental appropriations.
* H.R.6198 (July 8, 1982). Copyright law.
H.R.6682 (June 25, 1982). Urgent supplemental appropriations.
* H.R.6863 (August 28, 1982). Supplemental appropriations.
H.R.1371 (October 15, 1982). Contract Disputes Act of 1978 amendment
S.2577 (October 22, 1982). Appropriations for environmental research
98th Congress (1983-84)
S.366 (April 5, 1983). Mashantucket Pequot Indians claims.
S.973 (June 18, 1983). Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act.
H.R.3564 (August 12, 1983). 1984-crop feed grain program.
H.J.RES.338 (August 13, 1983). Correction to Public Law 98-63.
S.J.RES.149 (August 23, 1983). Milk price support program
* H.R.1062 (October 19, 1983). Lane County, Oregon lands.
* S.684 (February 21, 1984). Water resources research.
S.2436 (August 29, 1984). Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
H.R.1362 (October 8, 1984). Private Bill for the relief of Joseph Karel Hasek.
99th Congress (1985-86)
H.R.1096 (March 6, 1985). Famine relief and recovery in Africa.
* H.R.2409 (November 8, 1985). National Institutes of Health.
H.R.3036 (November 11, 1985). Treasury, Postal Service appropriations.
H.R.1562 (December 17, 1985). Textile and apparel industry.
H.R.1404 (January 14, 1986). Virginia National Wildlife Refuge.
H.R.3384 (January 17, 1986). Civil Service Retirement System
H.R.2466 (February 14, 1986). United States Coast Guard.
S.J.RES.316 (May 21, 1986). Saudi Arabia defense sales prohibition.
H.R.2316 (September 25, 1986). Private Bill for the relief of Paulette Mendes-Silva.
H.R.3247 (September 26, 1986). Native American Programs appropriations.
* H.R.4868 (September 26, 1986). South Africa sanctions.
H.R.2787 (October 7, 1986). Small Business Act pilot programs.
H.J.RES.748 (October 9, 1986). Continuing appropriations.
100th Congress (1987-88)
* H.R.1 (January 30, 1987). Federal Water Pollution Control Act
* H.R.2 (March 27, 1987). Highway bill.
S.742 (June 22, 1987). Fairness in broadcasting.
* S.557 (March 16, 1988). Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987.
H.R.3 (May 24, 1988). Competitiveness of American industry
H.R.4264 (August 3, 1988). Defense appropriations.
H.R.1154 (September 28, 1988). Textile and apparel industries imports.
S.1259 (October 11, 1988). Arkansas federal lands.
Appendix 4
Significant Legislation Passed during Reagan’s Presidency*
97th Congress (1981-82)
Economic Recovery Tax Act (1981).
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (1981).
Agricultural and Food Act (1982).
Transportation Assistance Act (1982).
Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act (1982).
Voting Rights Act extension (1982).
Nuclear Waste Repository Act (1982).
Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act (1982).
Job Training Partnership Act (1982).
98th Congress (1983-84)
Martin Luther King’s Birthday/Legal Holiday (1983).
Social Security Act amendments (1983).
Antirecession jobs measure (1983).
Anticrime package (1984).
Deficit reduction measure (1984).
Cable Communications Policy Act (1984).
99th Congress (1985-86)
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act (1985).
Food Security Act (1985).
Tax Reform Act (1986).
Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986).
Antinarcotics measure (1986).
Cleanup of toxic waste dumps (1986).
Omnibus Water Projects Act (1986).
100th Congress (1987-88)
Water Quality Act (1987).
Surface Transportation Act (1987).
Balanced Budget/Emergency Deficit Act (1987).
Housing and Community Development Act (1987).
McKinney Homeless Assistance Act (1987).
Catastrophic Health Insurance for the Aged Act (1988).
Family Support Act (1988).
Antidrug-abuse Act (1988).
Civil Rights Restoration Act (1988).
Japanese-American reparations (1988).
* Source: David R. Mayhew, Divided We Govern: Party Control, Lawmaking, and Investigations 1946-1990 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991).
Appendix 5
Bills Vetoed by George H.W. Bush (1989-93)
* = veto overridden by Congress
101st Congress (1989-90)
H.R.2 (June 13, 1989). Minimum wage.
S.J.RES.113 (July 31, 1989). FSX aircraft.
H.R.2990 (October 21, 1989). Labor, HHS, Education appropriations.
H.R.3026 (October 27, 1989). District of Columbia appropriations.
H.R.2939 (November 19, 1989). Foreign operations appropriations.
H.R.3610 (November 20, 1989). District of Columbia appropriations.
H.R.1231 (November 21, 1989). Eastern Airlines investigation.
H.R.1487 (November 21, 1989). FY 1990/91 appropriations.
H.R.2712 (November 30, 1989). Chinese nationals/immigrants.
H.R.2364 (May 24, 1990). Rail Passenger Service Act (AMTRAK) appropriations.
H.R.20 (June 15, 1990). Federal employees political participation.
H.R.770 (June 29, 1990). Family leave.
H.R.4328 (October 5, 1990). Textiles and apparel imports.
H.J.RES.660 (October 6, 1990). Continuing appropriations for FY 1991.
S.2104 (October 22, 1990). Civil Rights Act of 1990.
102nd Congress (1991-92)
H.R.2699 (August 17, 1991). District of Columbia Appropriations.
S.1722 (October 11, 1991). Emergency unemployment compensation.
H.R.2707 (November 19, 1991). Labor, HHS, and Education Appropriations.
H.R.2212 (March 2, 1992). Most Favored Nation status/China.
H.R.4210 : (March 20, 1992). Economic growth bill.
S.3 (May 9, 1992). Campaign finance.
S.2342 (June 16, 1992). Mississippi Sioux Indians in Indian Claims.
H.R.2507 (June 23, 1992). National Institutes of Health.
S.250 (July 2, 1992). “Motor voter” registration.
S.5 (September 22, 1992). Medical leave.
S.323 (September 25, 1992). Abortion counseling.
H.R.5318 (September 28, 1992). Most Favored Nation status/China.
H.R.5517 (September 30, 1992). District of Columbia appropriations.
* S.12 (October 3, 1992). Cable television re-regulation.
Appendix 6
Significant Legislation Passed during Bush’s Presidency*
101st Congress (1989-90)
Minimum wage hike (1989).
Savings-and-loan bailout (1989).
Deficit Reduction Act (1990).
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990).
Clean Air Act (1990).
Child care package (1990).
Immigration Act (1990).
National Affordable Housing Act (1990).
Agriculture Act (1990).
102nd Congress (1991-92)
Surface Transportation Act (1991).
Civil Rights Act (1991).
Omnibus Energy Act (1991).
Regulation of cable television rates (1992).
California water policy reform (1992).
* Source: David R. Mayhew, Divided We Govern: Party Control, Lawmaking, and Investigations 1946-1990 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991).