Welcome to AP Chemistry

Welcome to AP Chemistry!

According to the College Board, “The AP Chemistry course is designed to be the equivalent of the general chemistry course usually taken during the first college year. The college course in general chemistry differs qualitatively from the usual first secondary school course in chemistry with respect to the kind of textbook used, the topics covered, the emphasis on chemical calculations and the mathematical formulation of principles, and the kind of laboratory work done by students. Quantitative differences appear in the number of topics treated, the time spent on the course by students, and the nature and the variety of experiments done in the laboratory. Students in an AP Chemistry course should spend at least five hours a week in individual study outside of the classroom.” I am excited that you have accepted the challenge that an AP Chemistry course has to offer.

To ensure that all students in the AP Chemistry class are ready to partake in this high-pace, rigorous journey on the first day of school, the following summer assignment must be completed. The purposes of the assignment are to revisit chemical concepts learned in your 1st year chemistry class and expose you to the level of rigor demanded by the AP curriculum and BHS. This will allow us to focus our attention on the advanced chemistry topics and 22 suggested labs that will be tested on the AP exam in May 2013.

Your summer assignment consists of the following:

1. Set up the AP Chemistry Lab Notebook. Directions are given on page 2. This lab notebook is due on Tuesday, September 4, 2012, the first day of school.

2. Create an “AP Chemistry Laboratory Equipment Manual” that will allow you to reference various pieces of equipment, apparatus and procedures. A grade will be assigned. Details are on pg. 3. This manual is due Monday, August 27, 2012 via First Class email.

3. Read and take notes on the objectives for the Atomic Structure & Periodicity unit (the red sheet of paper). This information can be found in Chapters 2, 7, 8, and 24 in the textbook. The test for this unit will be on Tuesday, September 11, 2012. These notes are due on Thursday, September 6, 2012.

4. Then, answer the Atomic Theory and Periodicity Problem Set on pg. 4. The answers to the problem set are due on Thursday, September 6, 2012.

5. Memorize the solubility rules on page 6 as well as the polyatomic ions listed on page 7. There will be a 15-minute quiz on this material on the first day of school: Tuesday, September 4. 2012. (mail.bedford.k12.ma.us/~heather_kurzman)

6. Optional, yet strongly recommended: Purchase “5 Steps to a 5: AP Chemistry” by John Moore and Richard Langley, McGraw Hill; 2011, ISBN #978-0-07-162477-0. It can be purchased at Barnes and Noble in Burlington. Feel free to bargain-shop on the Internet. (It is available as a Kindle book, too!) Take the diagnostic exam in Chapter 3 without much review or looking up answers – see how you would perform before taking the course.

Please take the assignment seriously and start in early August—there’s a lot to do and you won’t be able to complete it all on the night before it’s due!

According to the BHS Program of Studies, students enrolled in a Level 5 course are “fully independent, pro-active learners”. Even though there is no credit given for completing the short answer assignments, students enrolled in level 5 courses should possess the self-initiative to complete it for the learning experience itself. If you do not feel this way, this may not be the course for you.

If at any time you would like to ask me a question, please email me at . Have a great summer. I look forward to beginning our journey together in September.

~ Mrs. Kurzman J

Setting Up Your AP Chemistry Laboratory Notebook

Due Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2012

1. The AP Chemistry Laboratory notebook must be bound. Acceptable lab notebooks can be purchased at office supply stores. Acceptable notebooks are marble composition notebooks or ones that are specifically made for lab notebooks. Duplicate pages are not necessary for our class.

2. Your lab notebook is your chemistry diary. You must make entries in ink, only. If you make a mistake, draw a SINGLE line through the error, initial it, and continue.

3. Before any entries are made, each page in the lab notebook must be numbered, beginning with page 1. If you purchased a lab notebook, as opposed to a composition notebook, the pages should already be numbered for you.

4. Page 1 will be a table of contents containing the title of labs, the page on which the lab begins, and the page on which the lab ends. Please set the headings up.

5. Now that you have completed the setup process, here are some things you need to know about how we will enter data into our lab notebooks:

a. We will only have writing on the right-hand side of the page. The left side is for additions/mistakes/calculations/etc.

b. Every lab will begin with answers to pre-lab questions,

c. Followed by a written procedure for each lab written in your own words. Graphic organizers and images are encouraged.

d. At the end of the written procedure, data tables are created to show the gathered data in an organized manner.

e. During the lab, any calculations that are made must be recorded on the left hand side of the paper with all calculations, including formulas and work, in a neat, organized manner.

f. At the end of the lab, the answers to post-lab questions must be recorded on the right hand side of the page.

6. At no time will there be any "I" or any first person references in it. The lab notebook is for recording data and observations, not for sharing personal opinions or inferences.

AP Chemistry Lab Manual

Summer Assignment 2012-2013

Purpose: This portion of your summer assignment provides an opportunity to familiarize you with common laboratory equipment, apparatus, and procedures in the AP Chemistry Lab.

Due Date: Your completed assignment is due on Monday, August 30. Submit assignments via email to

Parameters: The margins of this assignment must be set at 3 inches.

Grades: Grading of both parts will be done holistically using the following criteria:

Exemplary – student goes above and beyond to convey the information, which is presented in a clear,

concise manner; all portions of the assignment are correct (100%)

Proficient – student goes above and beyond to convey the information, which is presented in a clear

manner; most portions of the assignment are correct (85%)

Average – student conveys the information in a clear manner; most portions of the assignment are

correct (75%)

Below Average – student conveys the information in a disorganized fashion; some portions of the

assignment are correct (65%)

Unacceptable – assignment is not done (55%)

Part One: Identifying Laboratory Equipment (60 points)

Create a table containing the name, picture, unit, and function of the following pieces of lab equipment:

Beaker

Buchner Funnel

Buret

Buret Clamp

Capillary Tube

Centrifuge

Clamp

Ring

Universal

Condenser

Crucible and Cover

Clay triangle

Cuvet

Dessicator

Erlenmeyer Flask

Eudiometer Tube

Filter Flask

Funnel

Gooch Crucible

Graduated Cylinder

Mortar and Pestle

Pipette

Beral-type

Graduated

Volumetric

Pipette Bulb

Ring Stand

Round Bottom Flask

Rubber Policeman

Separatory Funnel

Spatula

Scoopula

Stirring Rod

Test Tubes

Test Tube Rack

Test Tube Holder

Tongs

Crucible

Beaker

Volumetric Flask

Wash Bottle

Watch Glass

Wire Gauze

Part Two: Laboratory Apparatuses and Procedures (40 points)

Use words and diagrams to describe the following:

o The proper way to fold filter paper

o Apparatus for heating liquids in beaker over a flame

o Apparatus for heating liquids or solids in a test tube over a flame

o Rank glassware for measuring volume from best to worst.

o The process for making solutions

o The correct way to dilute acids and an explanation as to why

Chemist: ______Date: ______

AP Chemistry Mrs. Kurzman

Atomic Theory & Periodicity Problem Set

Due on Thursday, September 6, 2012.

Directions: Answer the following five questions in the spaces provided or on a separate sheet of paper. This problem set is due Thursday, Sept. 6, 2012.

(a) Write the ground state electron configuration for an arsenic atom, showing the number of electrons in each subshell.

(b) Give one permissible set of four quantum numbers for each of the outermost electrons in a single As atom when it is in its ground state.

(d) Explain how the electron configuration of the arsenic atom in the ground state is consistent with the existence of the following known compounds: Na3As, AsCl3, and AsF5.

2. Explain each of the following observations using principles of atomic structure and/or bonding.

(a) Potassium has a lower first-ionization energy than lithium.

(b) The ionic radius of N3- is larger than that of O2-.

(d) Boron has a lower first-ionization energy than beryllium.

3. Discuss some differences in physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals. What characteristic of the electronic configuration of atoms distinguishes metals from nonmetals. On the basis of this characteristic explain why there are many more metals than nonmetals.

4. The carbon isotope of mass 12 is stable. The carbon isotopes of mass 11 and mass 14 are unstable. However, the type of radioactivity decay is different for these two isotopes. Carbon-12 is not produced in either case.

(a) Identify a type of decay expected for carbon-11 and write the balanced nuclear reaction for that decay process.

(b) Identify the type of decay expected for carbon-14 and write the balanced nuclear reaction for that decay process.

(c) Gamma rays are observed during the radioactive decay of carbon-11. Why is it unnecessary to include the gamma rays in the radioactive decay equation of (a)?

(d) Explain how the amount of carbon-14 in a piece of wood can be used to determine when the tree died.

5. Answer each of the following questions regarding radioactivity.

(a) Write the nuclear equation for decay ofby alpha emission.

(b) Account for the fact that the total mass of the products of the reaction in part (a) is slightly less than that of the original .

(c) Describe how a, b, and g rays each behave when they pass through an electric field. Use the diagram below to illustrate your answer.

(d) Why is it not possible to eliminate the hazard of nuclear waste by the process of incineration?

SOLUBILITY RULES

Must be memorized by the first day of school!

1. Salts of ammonium (NH4+) and Group IA are always soluble.

2. a. All chlorides (Cl-) are soluble except AgCl, Hg2Cl2, and PbCl2, which are insoluble.

b. All bromides (Br-) are soluble except AgBr, Hg2Br2, HgBr2, and PbBr2, which are insoluble.

c. All iodides (I-) are soluble except AgI, Hg2I2, HgI2, and PbI2, which are insoluble.

3. Chlorates (ClO3-), nitrates (NO3-), and acetates (CH3COO-) are soluble.

4. Sulfates (SO42-) are soluble except CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4, Hg2SO4, HgSO4, PbSO4, and Ag2SO4, which are insoluble.

5. Phosphates (PO43-), and carbonates (CO32-) are insoluble except NH4+ and Group IA compounds.

6. All metallic oxides (O2-) are insoluble except NH4+ and Group IA compounds.

7. All metallic hydroxides (OH-) are insoluble except NH4+, Group IA, and Group IIA (from calcium down).

8. All sulfides (S2-) are insoluble except NH4+ and Groups IA and IIA.

Source: http://shs.nebo.edu/Faculty/Haderlie/apchem/SolubilityRules.pdf

Polyatomic Ion Names

Must be memorized by the first day of school!

ammonium, NH4+

hydronium, H3O+

mercury (I), Hg22+

acetate, C2H3O2-, or CH3COO -

bromate, BrO3-

perchlorate, ClO4-

chlorate, ClO3-

chlorite, ClO2-

hypochlorite, ClO-

cyanide, CN-

hydrogen carbonate, HCO3- (also called bicarbonate)

hydrogen sulfate, HSO4-

hydroxide, OH-

iodate, IO3-

nitrate, NO3-

nitrite, NO2-

permanganate, MnO4-

thiocyanate, SCN -

carbonate, CO3 2-

chromate, CrO4 2-

dichromate, Cr2O7 2-

oxalate, C2O4 2-

peroxide, O2 2-

sulfate, SO4 2-

sulfite, SO3 2-

thiosulfate, S2O32-

phosphate, PO4 3-

phosphite, PO3 3-

arsenate, AsO4 3-