Final Exam FNX / Session:
Section:
Class Location:
Days / Time: Instructor: / FALL 2015
54018 3 Units
NVC 2240
M 6:00 PM – 8:50 PM
RIDDELL
Student Learning Outcome 1
Apply quantitative models that describe population growth and dynamics.
Population
Statement / Question / CODE / Answer ChoicesPopulation and education by gender:
1.Over the past 40 years more adult women have completed college than adult men. T / F
2.Late 20 yo women began to surpass late 20 yo men in college graduation rates about year ___.
3.Equal numbers of men and women graduate / completed college in year______.
4.A higher percentage of men are expected to complete college in 2020. T/F. / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE / False
True
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
5.In what way would improving the status of women in developing countries have a positive impact on achieving sustainable development?
a)Women are disproportionately disadvantaged
b)Women are charged with child care
c)Women are the only ones that think or work
d)Improvement in women’s status contributes to the stability and prosperity of the community
e)nothing
Based on the Population Data Sheet PDF File on Last Page. Choose the value closest to your calculation for the following indicated statements.
6. The population of US is about ____ times the population of Nigeria in 2050
7. The population of China is about ____times the population of India in 2020
8.The population of the Less Developed Countries is about ____times the population of the More Developed Countries.
9.The proportion of the population under 15 years of age in the developed countries is about _____ the population under 15 years of age in the lesser developed countries as a group. C.
10.The population of China, India and Africa combined is about ____ times the population of the Americas.
RATIO timesAs BIG As / CODE / RATIO times
Smaller than
1
1.25
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
7
8
9
10
15
20
25
30 / A
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD
BE
CD
CE
DE
ABC
ABD
ABE
BCD / 1
1.25
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
10
20
25
40
50
100
200
300
400
500
Population Growth Profiles – Match the Term with the Population dynamics below shown below.
Answer Choices
A. Declining B. Rapid C. Stable D. Logistic E. Undeterminable11.__ B / 12.__D / 13.__C / 14.__A
Match the annotated illustration to the definitions listed below the figure.
Definitions for Classification of growth dynamics.
15.Exponential A
16.Linear C
17.Logistic B
18.Algae has the lowest concentration of DDT because it is: ___
19.In the associated figure, the gull has the highest concentration of DDT because it is ___:
Data / CODE / Relationship/ A
B
C
D
E
AB / a more complex organism.
an older organism.
at the bottom of the food chain.
at the top of the food chain.
homoeothermic (warm-blooded).
Student Learning Outcome 2
Describe and compare competitive interactions between two species.
Species Interaction and Interdependence
CODE / TERM / RelationshipA
B
C
D
E
AB / Commensalism
Competitive Exclusion
Competitive limited resources
Mutualism
Predation
Resource partitioning
Species A
Species B / Positive for A / Neutral for A / Negative for A
And Positive for B / 20.Mutualism D / Commensalsim A / 21.Competitive exclusion of Species B
And Neutral for B / Resource partitioning ab
And Negative for B / 22. Predation E / 23. Competition of
Limited resources C
Select Food Web
Match the annotated illustration to the definitions listed below the figure.
Trophic Level / Energy be Body Mass Unit24.Primary Consumer
25.Primary Producer
26.Secondary Consumer
27.Tertiary Consumer / 28.10,000
29.10
30.1,000
31.100
4. Ecosystems and Living Organisms
32.The common way that a species is defined is that a members of a species includes all organisms that are similar enough to
a) fill the same niche
b) occupy the same community
c) live together
d) freely interbreed in the wild
e) be classified in the same kingdom
33.Based on the figure below, what can be deduced from the data regarding number of consumer species as the structural complexity of the vegetation increases:
34.Based on the figure below, what can be deduced from the data regarding the structural complexity of the vegetation as latitude decreases:
Data / DataCODE / Relationship / Dynamic
A
B
C
D
E / Changes randomly
Decreases
Fluctuates
Increases
Remains stable
35.The reason(s) that tropical regions of the world have such high biodiversity is:
a) because they are geologically stable.
b) because they have a high productivity.
c) because there are many ecological niches.
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
Chapter 1: Environmental Science and Sustainability
36.The ability to meet humanity’s current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs is termed:
a) ecology.
b) environmental sustainability.
c) natural balance.
d) synergism.
e) environmental science
37.Non-renewable resource IS TO renewable resource AS;
a) living is to non-living
b) limited supply is to sustainable supply
c) tree is to coal
d) wind energy is to fossil fuel energy
e) conservation is to overexploitation
38.Which of the following represents an idea associated with environmental sustainability?
a) The capacity of the environment to absorb toxins is unlimited.
b) The human population continues to grow.
c) We are using fossil fuels as if they were present in unlimited supply.
d) The Earth's resources are not present in infinite supply
e) None of the above
Chapter 2: Environmental Laws, Economics, and Ethics
39.One approach to pollution control is incentive-based regulation. In this tactic
a) industries adopting specific pollution control methods recommended by the government are rewarded
b) industries are encouraged to emit an amount of pollution that is economically most desirable for that company
c) green taxes are levied on industries that represent an emission charge on polluters
d) pollution control laws establish emission targets and industries are provided enticements to reduce emissions
e) both c and d
40.Pollution is considered an external cost because:
a) it has a harmful effect borne only by people who purchased the product that caused it.
b) its cost to the environment is not reflected in the price of the product that produces it.
c) it has a significant impact on the consumer's decision to buy the product that causes it.
d) it is a hidden cost that would produce increased demand if the consumer were aware of it.
e) it is an advertised cost that may affect consumer demand for a given product.
Chapter 3: Ecosystems and Energy
41.Which of the following is an abiotic factor of the environment?
a) living spaces
b) disease organisms
c) photosynthesis
d) producers
e) detritivores
42.A species is defined as:
a) organisms that live together.
b) organisms that live in the same area at the same time.
c) a group of similar organisms whose members freely interbreed with one another.
d) all of the organisms that live together in an area, plus the physical environment that they live in.
e) all organisms at a given trophic level within a particular community.
43.The crust of our planet that is made of rock and soil is what layer?
a) hydrosphere.
b) ecosphere.
c) biosphere.
d) lithosphere.
e) atmosphere.
44.Which term encompasses the other four?
a) community
b) population
c) species
d) biosphere
e) ecosystem
Chapter 5: Ecosystems and the Physical Environment
45.Approximately what percentage of the atmosphere is N2?
a) 0.001%
b) 0.037%
c) 10%
d) 20%
e) 37.5%
ab) 50 %
ac) 79.8%
ad) 98%
46.The phenomenon in which high levels of carbon dioxide cause global warming is known as:
a) the Gaia theory.
b) acid deposition.
c) the greenhouse effect.
d) global distillation.
e) the El Niño—Southern Oscillation.
Chapter 6: Major Ecosystems of the World
47.The biome most suitable for the development of grapes is:
a) taiga.
b) tropical rain forest
c) temperate grassland.
d) chaparral.
e) tundra.
48.According to the diagram below, chaparral biomes would fall into the area marked by the letter:
a) a
b)b
c)c
d)d
e)e
Chapter 7: Human Health and Environmental Toxicology
49.Acute toxicity:
a) is only caused by synthetic chemicals.
b) is poorly understood by toxicologists.
c) may mimic symptoms of chronic diseases.
d) produces an effect within a short period of a single exposure.
e) always results in death.
50.A dose that is represented as ED50 is a dose that
a) is administered to 50% of the population.
b) causes 50% of a population to exhibit whatever response is under study.
c) has a threshold response of 50%.
d) kills half of the population of test animals.
e) has an acceptable risk level of 50%.
Chapter 9: The Problems of Overpopulation
51.Which of the following approximates US population as a % of WW population?
a) 45%
b) total number of people
c) 4.5%
d) .45%
e) 44.5%
52.In which of the following countries has the highest average of children born to each woman of reproductive age?
a) Germany (TFR = 1.3)
b) Latin American nations (average TFR = 2.6)
c) Bangladesh (TFR = 3.3)
d) China (TFR = 1.7)
e) Saudi Arabia (TFR = 4.8)
Chapter 10: The Urban World
53.What percentage of the U.S. population lives in regions outside of cities?
a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 75%
d) 85%
e) 100%
54.Urbanization:
a) is growing more quickly in developing countries than in developed countries.
b) currently accounts for housing about 75% of the global population.
c) results in fewer employment opportunities in developed countries as compared to rural areas.
d) refers to the migration of city people to the country to enjoy country living.
e) describes a grouping of 10,000 or more individuals.
Chapter 11: Fossil Fuels
Based on the Energy Data Flow Chart:
55.The fossil fuel that constitutes the 3rd largest source of US energy is_____.
56.The fossil fuel that constitutes the largest source of US electricity energy is_____.
57.The largest use of energy is_____.
CODE / ENERGY SOURCES / ENERGY USESA
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD
AE
BC
BD / Biomass
Coal
Geothermal
Hydroelectric
Natural Gas
Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fusion
Petroleum
Recycling Waste
Solar
Wind / Commerce
Delivery of Electricity
Electricity Generation
Industry
Residential
Transportation
Chapter 12: Nuclear Energy
Based on the Energy Data Flow Chart:
58.The largest use of nuclear fission is_____.
59.Approximately what percent of US Energy comes from Nuclear Fusion
CODE / ENERGY USES / PercentA
B
C
D
E
AB
AC
AD / Commerce
Delivery of Electricity
Electricity Generation
Industry
Residential
Transportation
Not Listed / 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
>50
60.Nuclear fusion:
a) is a form of combustion.
b) is the blending or "melting together" of two small atoms to form a large atom.
c) is the splitting of a large atom into two smaller atoms of different elements.
d) is the rearrangement of electrons that occurs during a chemical reaction.
e) is the process that powers the sun and other stars.
Chapter 13: Renewable Energy
61.Clusters of non-polluting wind turbines are called:
a) photovoltaic centers.
b) solar wind farms.
c) wind farms.
d) air generating systems.
e) wind electric centers.
62. Which of the following is an emerging alternative, renewable resource energy technology?Mark all that apply.
a) nuclear energy
b) wind farms
c) alcohol fuels
d) photovoltaic solar cells
e) geothermal energy
Based on the Energy Data Flow Chart:
63.Which of the following renewable energy sources can be used to produce electricity?Mark all that apply
a) solar heating
b) geothermal
c) biomass conversion
d) photovoltaics
e) wind
64.The majority of the renewable sources for generating electricity comes from
a) nuclear energy
b) hydrothermal
c) hydroelectric
d) wind
e) biomass
Chapter 14: Water: A Limited Resource
65. Most fresh water is present in the form of:
a) water in lakes.
b) ice caps and glaciers.
c) water in rivers.
d) groundwater.
e) atmospheric water vapor.
66.The fraction of WW fresh water available for human life is approximately :
a) 5%
b) 3%
c) 1%
d) .3%
e) .03%.
Chapter 15: Soil
67.Soil is formed from parent material by biological, chemical, and physical:
a) digestion processes.
b) weathering processes.
c) composting.
d) terracing.
e) leaching.
68.In soil formation, the parent material provides:
a) humus.
b) minerals.
c) water-holding capacity.
d) mycorrhizae.
e) detritus.
Chapter 16: Minerals
69.Which of the following are important minerals? Answer all that apply
a)sulfur
b)nitrogen
c)iron
d)sodium
e)copper
70.Which of the following is not a characteristic of metals?
a)all are relatively abundant in the Earth's crust
b)lustrous
c)good conductor of electricity
d)good conductor of heat
e)malleable
Chapter 17: Biodiversity
71.Ecosystem diversity is:
a) variety of interactions among organisms in natural communities.
b) the number of different species in a given area.
c) the variety of abiotic characteristics within a given area.
d) the genetic variety within all populations of a given species.
e) synonymous with ecosystem services.
72.Of those listed below, the richest biome regarding diversity is
a) tundra / arctic
b) taiga forests
c) savannah / desert
d) ocean / marine
e) blackwater swamp / wetlands
73.Organisms that provide an early warning of environmental damage are:
a) endemic species.
b) endangered species.
c) threatened species.
d) bellwether species.
e) commercial species.
Chapter 18: Land
74.Approximately 55 percent of the land in the United States is owned by:
a)the federal government, as national parks.
b)Native Americans.
c)citizens, corporations, and non-profit organizations.
d)state and local governments.
e)the federal government, as national forests and rangelands.
75.Forests:
a)fix large amounts of oxygen, removing it from the atmosphere.
b)promote soil erosion.
c)maintain watersheds.
d)provide habitat for few animal species.
e)release large amounts of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere.
76.Why are tropical rain forests considered so important to global ecology?Mark all that apply
a)they contribute greatly to the world's carbon and oxygen cycles
b)they retard soil erosion
c)they contain much of the world's biodiversity
d)they mitigate floods and droughts
e)they are ancient and self generating
Chapter 19: Food
77.The two areas of the world with the greatest food insecurity are:
a)South America and South Asia.
b)South America and sub-Saharan Africa.
c)China and sub-Saharan Africa.
d)South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
e)the Middle East and South Asia.
78.Which of the following is a sustainable long-term solution to world food problems? Answer all that apply.
a)overcome cultural barriers to the acceptance of different types of food
b)increase the sustainable production of food
c)assist overall economic development
d)stabilize populations at sustainable levels
e)increase dependence on energy-intensive, high-yield agricultural methods
Chapter 20: Air Pollution
79.The two atmospheric gases most abundant in our atmosphere are :
a)carbon dioxide and oxygen.
b)hydrogen and oxygen.
c)oxygen and argon.
d)oxygen and nitrogen.
e)carbon monoxide and oxygen.
80.The stratospheric chemical that prevents much of the solar ultraviolet radiation from penetrating to Earth's surface is:
a)carbon dioxide.
b)water vapor.
c)ozone.
d)particulate matter.
e)nitrogen oxides.
81.Which of the following air pollutants is correctly paired with one of its major effects?
a)sulfur oxides — acid precipitation
b)carbon oxides — corrosion of metal
c)hydrocarbons — reduced visibility
d)nitrogen oxides — blocks UV radiation
e)particulate matter — production of photochemical smog
Chapter 21: Regional and Global Atmospheric Changes
82. Which of the following are greenhouse gasses? Mark all that apply
a)carbon dioxide
b)methane
c)water vapor
d)chlorofluorocarbons
e)sulfur oxide
83.The greenhouse effect occurs because:
a)greenhouse gases released interact chemically to produce excess heat.
b)there are too many greenhouses scattered across the Earth's surface.
c)carbon dioxide and other trace gases trap infrared radiation in the Earth's atmosphere.
d)sulfur emissions from smokestacks and volcanoes continue to occur.
e)the gases produced by human activities allow significantly more heat to pass out of the Earth's atmosphere.
Chapter 22: Water Pollution
84.One major problem with sewage is that it adds which of the following to water?
sodium chloride and dissolved oxygen
a)carbon dioxide and nitrogen
b)nitrogen and phosphorus
c)human wastes and heavy metals
d)soil and microorganisms
Cost of Pollution
85.Point __ shows the cost for producing the most product.
86.Point __ shows the cost per unit for producing the most product
87.Point __ shows the cost per unit of eliminating the almost every unit of pollution.
88.Point __ shows the cost per unit of eliminating large quantities of pollution.
Chapter 23: The Pesticide Dilemma
89.One benefit of using a machine like the "bug vac" to remove pests from crop plants is:
a) it targets specific pest species.
b)one treatment per season is sufficient for pest control.
c)it is safer for farm workers than pesticides.
d)it is much cheaper to use than pesticides.
e)All of the above.
Matching Match the numbered Functions with their respective term
TERM / Functiona)fungicide.
b)herbicide.
c)insecticide.
d)botanical.
e)rodenticide. / 90.Kills / inhibits growth of weeds and plants
Kills / inhibits growth of mice, rats, gophers
Kills / inhibits growth of bugs
Kills / inhibits growth of yeasts and smut
91.Pesticides are effective:Mark all that apply (3)
a)at reducing crop productivity due to competition with weeds.
b)for controlling some organisms that cause diseases in humans.
c)at decreasing the amount of crop damage due to insects.
d)at controlling insects and weeds, but ineffective against plant pathogens.
e)at increasing the farmer's cost for a particular crop.
92.Genetically modified, pest-resistant crops:
a)may contain new and different gens outside of the normal genome for that species.
b)have been shown to be completely safe for non-pest insect species, such as the monarch butterfly.
c)have not yet been developed.
d)may become invasive pests or persist in the environment longer than unmodified crops.
e)require more frequent applications of pesticide, although in lower doses, than unmodified crops.
93.DDT is still in use in countries such as China, India, Kenya, and Brazil because:
a)they do not have access to alternative pesticides.
b)they are unaware of the serious consequences to human health associated with DDT.
c)they are unaware of the serious consequences to the environment.
d)it has been shown to be safe to use under certain conditions and in certain environments.
e)it is particularly effective against mosquitoes, which carry malaria.
Chapter 24: Solid and Hazardous Wastes
94.Plastics are the fastest growing component of solid waste, largely due to the contribution of:
a)obsolete computers.
b)disposable diapers.
c)packaging.
d)discarded automobiles.
e)clothing.
95.Bioremediation:
a)is faster than conventional hazardous waste disposal methods.
b)is much less expensive than traditional hazardous waste disposal methods.
c)for toxic wastes has only been demonstrated in the laboratory.
d)involves the use of either microorganisms or plants to clean up a contaminated site.
e)is particularly effective in deep soil and groundwater applications.
96. Which of the following correctly identifies the challenges of US / Western lifestyle and economy: Answer all that apply