Name: ______Block: _____ Date: _____/_____/_____
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Read Chapter 18 in the textbook (pages 491 – 505). Fill in the blanks with a word or phrase that best completes each item.
Chapter 18: Renewable Energy
Section 1: Renewable Energy Today
I) (Introduction)
A) Renewable energy is ______
B) Renewable energy sources include:
1) ______
2) ______
3) ______
4) ______
II) Solar Energy – Power from the Sun
A) The sun is a ______
B) Nearly all renewable energy comes either ______or ______from the sun.
C) Passive Solar Heating
1) Passive solar heating uses ______
2) Passive solar buildings are oriented according to the ______
D) Active Solar Heating
1) Active solar heating is ______
2) More than ______
E) Photovoltaic Cells
1) Photovoltaic cells (aka ______cells) convert ______
(a) A solar cell produces a very small ______
(b) Solar cells also require ______
2) Despite these limitations, energy production from solar cells has ______
III) Wind Power – Cheap and Abundant
A) Wind power converts ______
1) New wind turbines are ______
2) The world production of electricity from wind power ______between 1985 and 2000.
B) Wind Farms
1) A wind farm is a ______
2) Because wind turbines take up little space, ______
3) Farmers can then ______
C) An Underdeveloped Resource
1) Scientists estimate that the windiest spots on Earth could generate more than ______
2) One problem of wind energy is ______
IV) Biomass – Power from Living Things
A) Biomass is ______
1) ______fuels can be considered biomass energy source, but they are ______
2) More than ______of al wood cut down in the world is used as fuel for ______and ______
B) Methane
1) Methane can be burned to ______
2) China uses biogas digesters to produce gas for ______and ______
3) Britain uses a dung-fired power station to produce ______
4) The U.S. generates electricity by using methane from the ______
C) Alcohol
1) Alcohol is a liquid fuel derived from ______
2) Ethanol can be made by ______
3) Gasohol is a blend of ______and ______
V) Hydroelectricity – Power from Moving Water
A) Hydroelectric energy is ______
1) This renewable resource accounts for about _____% of the world’s electricity.
2) The _____ countries that lead the world in hydroelectric energy are:
(a) ______
(b) ______
(c) ______
(d) ______
(e) ______
(f) ______
B) The Benefits of Hydroelectric Energy
1) Hydroelectric dams are ______to build, but ______to operate.
2) Hydroelectric dams do not release ______and last longer than ______power plants.
C) Disadvantages of Hydroelectric Energy
1) A dam changes ______
(a) The reservoir ______large areas of habitat above the dam.
(b) Water flow below the dam is ______, which disrupts ecosystems downstream.
2) Dam ______can be another problem.
D) Modern Trends
1) Micro-hydropower is ______
2) The turbine may even ______
3) Micro-hydropower is much cheaper than ______
VI) Geothermal Energy – Power from the Earth
A) Geothermal energy is ______
1) Geothermal power plants pump ______
2) The ______, in ______:
(a) The world’s ______power plant.
(b) Produces electricity for about _____ million homes.
3) Water in geothermal formations must be ______
B) Geothermal Heat Pumps: Energy for Homes
1) A geothermal pump uses stable underground temperatures to ______and ______homes.
2) Circulated fluids cool the home during ______months and warm the home during ______months.
Section 2: Alternative Energy and Conservation
I) (Introduction)
A) Alternative energy describes ______
B) Government investment is often the only way to ______
II) Tidal Power
A) Tides are ______
1) A tidal power plant works much like a ______
2) The cost of building and maintaining a tidal power plant is ______and there are ______suitable locations.
III) Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
A) Ocean thermal energy conversion (______) uses ______
B) One problem with OTEC is ______
IV) Hydrogen – A Future Fuel Source
A) ______is the most abundant element in the universe.
1) Hydrogen is found in every ______thing and it is found in ______
2) When hydrogen is burned, it combines with ______to produce ______
B) The Challenge of Hydrogen Fuel
1) Current methods of producing hydrogen require ______
2) A lot of hydrogen is needed to produce the same amount of energy as a tank of ______
C) Fuel Cells
1) A fuel cell produces electricity chemically, by ______
2) When hydrogen and oxygen are combined, the only byproduct is ______
V) Energy Efficiency
A) Energy efficiency is ______
1) Energy efficiency (in %) = ______/ ______´ ______
2) The first law of thermodynamics explains that______
3) More than _____% of all commercial energy used in the U.S. is ______
4) Increases in efficiency will involve ______or investments in new ______
B) Efficient Transpiration
1) Internal combustion engines use fuel ______and produce ______
2) The design of these engines has hardly changed since ______, but they may change dramatically in the next _____ years.
C) Hybrid Cars
1) Hybrid cars are examples of ______
(a) They use small, efficient ______engines along with a ______motors.
(b) Converts energy from ______into electricity, which is stored in the battery.
(c) Hybrid cars sometimes shut off the gasoline engine when the car is ______
(d) Hybrid cars are designed to be ______and are made of lightweight materials.
(e) Hybrid cars cost ______to refuel and produce ______harmful emissions.
VI) Cogeneration is ______
VII) Energy Conservation
A) Energy conservation means ______
B) Cities and Towns Saving Energy
1) Residents in the town of Osage, Iowa plugged leaks around ______and ______and replaced insufficient ______and insulated their ______
2) Businesses also found ways to ______energy.
C) Conservation Around the Home
1) Most of the energy lost from homes is lost through poorly insulated ______
2) There are ______of other ways to reduce energy use around the home.
D) Conservation in Daily Life
1) Using less of any resource translates into ______
2) Washing clothes in ______water uses _____% less energy than using ______water.
8