Common Formative Assessment Cheat Sheet
RI/Rl.1 and W.4 Essay Outline
I. Introduction Paragraph
a. Attention Getter
b. Thesis Statement
c. Plan of Development/Preview Statement
II. Body Paragraph (s)
a. Transition/Topic Sentence
b. Lead-in
c. Evidence—Direct Quote from text and (in-text citation).
d. Analysis-How does evidence support thesis statement?
e. Concluding sentence
III. Conclusion Paragraph
a. Transition/Thesis Restatement
b. Summative Points
c. Clincher/Close
L.4 Context Clues
1. Definition/Explanation Clues
Sometimes a word's or phrase's meaning is explained immediately after its use.
2. Restatement/Synonym Clues
Sometimes a hard word or phrase is said in a simple way, the definition is restated or a synonym is given before/after the unknown word.
3. Contrast/Antonym Clues
Sometimes a word or phrase is clarified by the presentation of the opposite meaning somewhere close to its use. Look for signal words when applying context clues.
4. Examples
Readers use an example or illustration to understand the unknown word.
5. Inference/Logic Clues
Sometimes a word or phrase is not immediately clarified within the same sentence. Relationships, which are not directly apparent, are inferred or implied. The reader must look for clues within, before, and after the sentence in which the word is used.
Speaking and Listening CFA
Title of Speech/Article:Identify and explain: / Speaker:name and qualifications
Occasion:What made the speaker think about this issue?
(Larger Occasion=World Issue AND
Smaller Occasion=Individual Issue)
Audience: To whom is this text directed? Needs to be more specific than “society” or “everyone”.
Purpose: (To…)Why is the speaker giving this speech? To persuade, educate, motivate, or entertain?
Subject: What is the message/central idea of this speech—the big picture—the thesis?
Evaluate and explain: / Pt. of View: Where does the speaker stand (opinion, stance, pro or con) on the message/issue that is being delivered?
Is the speaker biased or unbiased? (Biased is when the speaker takes a stance and expresses his/her opinions. Unbiased is when the speaker doesn’t take a stand, is impartial, and just states the facts.)
(Bias/Unbiased? Speaker’s representation of him/herself? Speaker’s stance on issue?)
Reasoning:
Inductive: Begin with the reasons and lead up to your thesis.
Deductive: Begin with the thesis and then present reasons to support it.
(Inductive OR Deductive? And explain)
Use of Evidence:
(Data, Statistics, Research, Facts, Testimony, etc.? Explain)
Use of Rhetoric: Any devices, techniques, or strategies that the speaker uses to persuade or influence the audience/listener
You may find any/all of these in the speech—make sure you give examples from the speech and specifically explain:
(Literary Devices—the speaker may include different literary devices in his/her speech to emphasize the message/points.
Ethos—the speaker appeals to the audience/listener to establish his/her credibility—is the speaker a credible source and worth listening to?
Pathos—the speaker appeals to the audience/listeners’ emotions—sympathy, pity, anger, humor, etc?
Logos—the speaker appeals to the audience/listener by using logic and/or reasoning. Cites facts, statistics, citing certain authorities on the subject, using language to construct logical arguments, etc.)
Evidence:
(False: Incorrect Information—wrong--untruthful
Distorted Evidence: Selectively choose information that misleads the audience/listener misrepresent
Exaggerated: Overstating or stretching the truth to emphasize a point
Incomplete: Leaving out citations or sources for information that could/could not be true—there is not enough information to determine if the evidence is false, exaggerated, or distorted)
Statement of Evaluation: Write an overall statement that represents your comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of the speaker. This statement should be between 3-5 sentences and should include the most relevant information required to establish a thorough evaluation of the speaker.