AP Biology

Quarter 2: Weeks 14-15

November 26-December 7, 2012

DATE / IN CLASS / HOMEWORK

Monday

(3; 95 min)
11/26/12 / Molecular Genetics: DNA structure and replication
*How does the molecular structure of DNA allow it to code for proteins? / 1. Ch 10.6-16 SG or Notecard
DUE: W11/28
Wednesday
(3; 80 min.)
11/28/12 / Molecular Genetics: Protein Synthesis
* How do organisms regulate the production of proteins? Why is gene regulation important for survival? / 1.Transformation Prelab
DUE: Th12/6
2.Ch12 SG or Notecard
DUE: Th12/6
Friday
(3; 95 min.)
11/30/12 / Biotechnology: Bacterial Transformation
*How does the structure and function allow us to manipulate molecular processes? How can DNA be transferred from one organism to another? What are the risks of doing this? / 1.Biotech Prelabs
DUE: T12/4
2.Ch 12 SG or Notecard
DUE: Th12/6

Tuesday

(3; 95 min.)
12/4/12 / Biotech: All-Day In-School Field Trip
* What is the role of biotechnology in understanding biological processes? Just because we can – should we??? / 1.Biotech Postlabs
DUE: Th12/6
2.Ch 12 SG or Notecard
DUE: Th12/6
Thursday
(3; 95 min.)
12/6/12 / Biotechnology
Introduction to Gene Regulation
* What is the role of biotechnology in understanding biological processes? Just because we can – should we??? / 1.Ch11 SG or Notecard
DUE: M12/10

Knowledge:

Structure of Genetic Material

  • Experiments of Griffith, Hershey and Chase
  • DNA structure: nucleotides, nitrogenous bases, purines, pyrimidines, A, T, C, G, Watson, Crick, Franklin, double helix, Chargoff’s rule

DNA Replication

  • Helicase, DNA Polymerase, DNA Ligase, replication forks, replication bubbles, 3’-5’, Okazaki fragments, Messelson and Stahl, semi-conservative replication

Protein Synthesis

  • Beadle and Tatum: one gene, one polypeptide hypothesis
  • Triplet code, codons, redundancy, non-ambiguous, start and stop codons
  • Transcription: promoter, RNA polymerase, terminator, initiation, elongation, termination
  • MRNA processing: polyA cap and tail, removal of introns, splicing exons, RNA as an enzyme
  • Transfer RNA, anticodon, amino acid attachment site
  • Ribosomes: large and small subunits, P site, A site
  • Translation: initiation and ribosomal subunit binding, elongation (codon recognition, peptide bond formation, translocation), termination
  • Mutations: insertion and deletion (frame shift), mutagenesis

Viruses

  • Lytic vs lysogenic cycles, Prophage
  • Viral structure
  • Plant and animal viruses, retroviruses, reverse transcriptase

Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes

  • Operon: regulatory genes, promoter, operator, functional genes, repressor
  • Types of operons: repressor (lac and tryp), activators

Cellular Differentiation and Cloning in Eukaryotes

  • Cellular differentiation
  • Cloning and regeneration
  • Nuclear transplantation
  • Embryonic stem cells vs. adult stem cells

Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes

  • DNA Packaging: histones, nucleosomes, supercoils, centromere, kinetocore, telomeres
  • X chromosome inactivation, Barr bodies
  • Control of transcription: transcription factors, enhancers, silencers, alternative RNA splicing
  • Control of translation: breakdown of mRNA, initiation of translation, protein activation, protein breakdown

Genetic Control of Embryonic Development

  • Cascade of gene expression, cell-to-cell signaling, homeotic genes, regulatory protein gradients
  • Signal-transduction pathway
  • Homeobox sequences

Genetic Basis of Cancer

  • Oncogenes, proto-oncogene, tumor suppressor genes, multiple hit hypothesis
  • Environmental factors: carcinogens, mutagens, lifestyle choices

Bacteria as Tools for Manipulating DNA

  • Bacterial transfer of DNA: transformation, transduction, conjugation
  • F factor, plasmid, vector, plasmids
  • Bacterial transformation: restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, recombinant DNA
  • Gene cloning, genomic libraries

Tools of DNA Technology

  • Reverse transcriptase and cDNA
  • Nucleic acid probes
  • DNA microarrays
  • Gel Electrophoresis and RFLP analysis, blotting (southern, western, northern), autoradiography
  • PCR

Human Genome

  • Genetic (linkage) mapping, physical mapping, DNA sequencing, organisms sequenced

Bioethics

  • DNA Fingerprinting
  • Pharmacogenetics and recombinant organisms, therapeutic hormones, diagnosis and treatment of disease, vaccines
  • GMO and agriculture
  • Gene therapy
  • Issues in biotechnology

Skills:

  • Laboratory skills of biotechnology
  • Construction of restriction maps
  • Analysis and interpretation of RFLP analysis

C. Gay 11/24/12SSHS AP Biology