US History Spring Final Exam Review 2012

Be able to identify and describe the following.

World War II

  1. Joseph Stalin-
  1. Adolph Hitler-
  1. Benito Mussolini-
  1. Hirohito-
  1. Axis Powers-
  1. Allied Powers-
  1. Chester Nimitz-
  1. Douglas MacArthur-
  1. Vernon J. Baker-
  1. Pappy Boyington-
  1. Omar Bradley-
  1. George Patton-
  1. Dwight Eisenhower-
  1. George Marshall-
  1. Hitler’s invasion of Czechoslovakia-
  1. Hitler’s invasion of Poland-
  1. Blitzkrieg-
  1. Battle of Britain-
  1. America First Committee-
  1. Office of War Mobilization-
  1. Lend-Lease Program-
  1. Selective Training and Service Act-
  1. U.S. Office of War Information-
  1. Office of Price Administration-
  1. “Europe First” plan-
  1. Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor-Medical advances during World War II-
  1. Bataan Death March-
  1. Executive Order
  1. North African Campaign-
  1. Italian Campaign-
  1. Stalingrad-
  1. Normandy, France/D-Day-
  1. Battle of the Bulge-
  1. The United Nations-
  1. President Wilson/Manhattan Project-
  1. Wannsee Conference/”Final Solution”-
  1. The Holocost-
  1. Nuremberg Trials-
  1. Battle of Midway-
  1. Battle of Guadalcanal-
  1. Battle of Coral Sea-
  1. Tuskegee Airmen-
  1. Navaho “Code Talkers”-
  1. Women during World War II-
  1. Rationing during the war-
  1. Executive Order 8802-
  1. V-E Day-
  1. V-J Day-
  1. Casualties/mortality rates during World War II-

Cold War

50. Why did President Truman promise to support nations that tried to resist Soviet aggression?

51. Why did the Soviet Union choose not to participate in the Marshall Plan?

52. What did HUAC say and do about/to Hollywood movie stars during the 1950s?

53. Describe the causes and outcomes of the Korean War.

54. How did Joseph McCarty’s actions contribute to America’s fear of communism?

55. Why did the U.S. become involved in the Middle East after World War II?

56. Why did President Truman persuade Congress to give $400 million dollars to help Turkey and Greece?

57. When and why did the Berlin airlift begin?

58. Explain how the concept of collective security played a part in the formation of NATO.

59. What was the major goal of the U.S. in its policy with Latin America throughout the Cold War?

60. Why did the Soviet Union use satellite nations to create a buffer zone around “Mother Russia” after World War II? How did they accomplish this?

61. Describe four specific examples of political conflicts and military tensions that existed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union throughout the Cold War.

62. Why did the Marshall Plan focus on trying to create stable democracies in Europe?

63. What was Truman’s reaction when the Soviet Union created and tested its first atomic weapon?

64. How were U.S. citizen’s civil rights affected by Joseph McCarthy and the government’s hunt for communists in the U.S.?

65. Describe how it was that after World War II Korea was divided into two separate countries, one communist and one pro-democratic.

66. Describe the United Nation’s involvement in Korea.

67. Why did the U.S. lag behind in our missile development compared to the Soviet Union?

68. Describe how the U.S. used the policy of deterrence to deter the Soviets from attacking the U.S. or our allies.

69. Describe how the launching of Sputnik I instilled fear in the American people. What did our government do after the launch of Sputnik?

70. What is a transistor? What major effect did it have on technology after it was invented?

71. How did television help increase economic growth in the U.S.?

72. What led to computers becoming more widespread in the U.S. during the 1950s?

73. What was the Soviet response to President Kennedy’s increase in U.S. military spending and military buildup of U.S. forces?

74. What event sparked the start of the Space Race?

75. Describe the U.S. role in the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion.

76. Why did the Soviet Union build the Berlin Wall?

77. Describe the events that led to the Cuban Missile Crisis and explain how the U.S. brought an end to the crisis.

78. Why did the United States create NASA is 1958?

79. Civil Rights Movement-

80. What doctrine was established by the Supreme Court ruling Plessy v. Ferguson?

81. Why did students form the SNCC instead of joining the SCLC?

82. What was the result of the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas state?

83. Why was Birmingham, Alabama targeted by MLK for demonstrations in 1963?

84. What did the Supreme Court find in the Hernandez v. Texas ruling?

85. What was the public reaction to the police tactics during the Birmingham Protests?

86. How did the Supreme Court ruling Mendez v. Westminster affect Hispanic Americans in California?

87. What was the goal of the 1963 March on Washington?

88. What issues did the Supreme Court ruling Sweatt v. Painter resolve?

89. What situation caused JFK to send Army troops to the University of Mississippi?

90. What does CORE stand for and what was its purpose?

91. When and at what event was MLK’s “I Have a Dream Speech” delivered?

92. What does NAACP stand for and what was its purpose?

93. Where did President Truman end segregation?

94. What does SNCC stand for and what was its purpose?

95. In what ways were the SCLC and CORE alike?

96. What event caused President Eisenhower take control of the Arkansas National Guard?

97. What does SCLC stand for and what was its purpose?

98. Who was George Wallace?

99. What belief did MLK borrow from Gandhi?

100. What role did Rosa Parks play in the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

101. What usually happened to activists involved in sit-in protests?

102. What role did Thurgood Marshall play in the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education?

103. What were two results of the Freedom Rides of 1961?

104. Who was the founder of the SCLC?

105. Who was James Meredith?

106. Describe the sit-ins and boycotts.

107. Why did politicians like JFK move slowly when enforcing Civil Rights laws or policies?

108. What is the process of integration?

109. What are the differences between de jure and de facto segregation?

110. What were three results of the Civil Rights Movement for African Americans?

111. What topics did MLK’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” discuss?

112. Describe the results of 1960 Presidential Election?

113. Why were the Freedom Rides of 1961 undertaken and where did the Riders encounter violence?

114. Who were the two different groups in the SNCC and the SCLC making decisions about the direction of the Civil Rights Movement?

115. Why was the Selma March undertaken?

116. How did the views of Malcolm X differ from the mainstream leaders of the Civil Rights movement?

117. How did leadership change in the Civil Rights Movement before the Montgomery bus boycott?

118. In the early 20th century, how did the NAACP affect change in the Civil Rights Movement?

119. What impact did Henry David Thoreau have on MLK and his views of dealing with government organizations during the Civil Rights Movement?

120. Describe the outcome of the Voting Rights Acts of 1965?

121. Why did Senator Strom Thurmond and other southern politicians write the Southern Manifesto?

122. What powers did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 give the Justice Department to improve Civil Rights of African Americans?

1960s/1970s/Vietnam War

123. 26th Amendment-

124. Kennedy & NASA-

125. Watergate Break-In-

126. Margin of victory for LBJ in the Presidential Election of 1964 and reasons fro this result-

127. Outcomes of the Watergate Scandal-

128. Elements & programs of LBJ’s Great Society-

129. Effects of the Tet Offensive-

130. Critics’ arguments against LBJ’s Great Society-

131. Nixon’s foreign policy accomplishments-

132. Immigration Act of 1965-

133. Events that happened after the withdrawal of all American forces from Vietnam

134. Result of Warren Court Supreme Court rulings on congressional district apportionment

135. After Nixon began removing U. S. troops from Vietnam, what actions did he take?

136. LBJ’s foreign policy-

137. Winner of 1968 Presidential Election-

138. Effect of televised debates on the 1960 Presidential Election

139. Describe reasons why the Democratic Party was in turmoil in 1968.

140. Resistance to the military draft-

141. Great Society programs-

142. Events at My Lai-

143. Theme that describes the rulings of the Warren led Supreme Court

144. Advantages of the Viet Cong-

145. Kennedy’s beginning policy for U. S. troop involvement in Vietnam

146. Containment-

147. Vietnam jungle issues and Viet Cong tactics faced by U. S. soldiers-

148. Ho Chi Minh-

149. Effects of air power tactics of the U. S. on the civilians of North & South Vietnam

150. Cambodia-

151. Effects of television and the Vietnam War-

152. KentStateUniversity-

153. Problems Americans had with the military draft-

154. Focus of protests of the late 1960s-

155. Conscientious objectors-

156. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-

157. Events in Vietnam in 1975-

158. What prompted American involvement in Vietnam?

159. CampDavis Accords-

1980s/1990s

160. The Vietnam Memorial-

161. What did Reagan do that brought him criticism?

162. RUN DMC-

163. What was considered the “bomb” in America during this time?

164. The Bonfireof the Vanities-

165. Space shuttle Challenger-

166. What book confirmed people’s suspicions of computers?

167. Why was most of America unconcerned with AIDS?

168. Tiananmen Square-

169. Stock market crash of 1986-

170. What did Newt Gingrich want Republicans to endorse that would allow them to reduce the size of the government?

171. What was the name of the Clinton issue that made public news from when he was governor of Arkansas?

172. What areas of the world conducted ethnic cleansing during the 90s?

173. What areas of the world saw fierce civil war between Protestants and Catholics?

174. In which area of the world did the U.S. help rebels fight off a Soviet invasion?

175. The US fought _____ in Iraq due to terrorist attacks.

176. Middle East-

177. Positive effects of the internet-

178. Yugoslavia-

179. Why was Bill Clinton was never impeached?

180. Bill Gates-

181. The Berlin Wall-

182. Mikhail Gorbachev was the Soviet leader when the Berlin Wall fell.

183. The Vietnam Memorial was designed by ______.