Chapter 3 and 4 Study Guide
Pages 59-112
Part I – Identify
Directions: Explain or define each of the following people, places, things or ideas.
Jamestown-1st permanent English colony in North America. Sight of first instance of African slavery in the present-day US.
Charter - written contract allowing a the establishment of a colony.
Bacon’s Rebellion –Rebellion over taxes in Virginia. Led to more self rule in Virginia.
House of Burgesses – First representative assembly in the US.
John Smith – took over leadership of Jamestown and helped them survive. “Those who don’t work. Don’t eat.”
John Rolfe – married Pocahontas. Responsible for beginning to grow tobacco at Jamestown.
Indentured servants–Agreed to work for a period of about 7 years to pay off their trip to America.
joint-stock company – company backed by investors who put money into a project hoping to receive profits in return.
Mayflower Compact – Agreement signed by the Pilgrims that established self-government in America.
Great Migration – Period when 20-30,000 Puritans left England to come to America.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – established rules in Connecticut and gave non-church members the right to vote. 1st written constitution in the US.
Roger Williams – Wanted religious freedom for all. Started Rhode Island.
13 colonies – owned by England
Colonial differences – New England – rock soil – economy – sea based. Middle – Grew grains. Good growing season. South – Tobacco and other cash crops. Slavery was main source of labor.
triangle trade- Trade when one ship went to three ports in three parts of the world. Made a profit at each stop.
Middle Passage- trip between Africa and the Americas in Triangle Trade. Horrible conditions on slave ships for slaves.
Navigation Acts–To try to maximize the amount of money that England made off the colonies. Laws to try to stop trade with other nations. Resulted in more smuggling by the Americas.
Backcountry – unsettled region west of the 13 colonies.
- Who settled there? – Mostly Scots-Irish and other former indentured servants.
Battle of Quebec- Battle that began to bring the French and Indian war to a close. Britain captured Montreal and Quebec, Canada
George Washington – Attack on French started French and Indian War
French and Indian War- War between the French and the English over North America
* causes – French and English rivalry. Conflict over the Ohio Country.
Pontiac’s Rebellion (Uprising) – Native American attacks on British forts in the West (Between the Appalachians and Mississippi) led to the policy of the Proclamation of 1763.
Treaty of Paris (1763) – ended the French and Indian War
Albany Plan of Union – plan to unite the colonies to fight the French. Wasn’t passed.
John Locke- English philosopher that wrote that all people have natural rights like life, liberty, and property.
Colonial Economy Game – investments that made the most money were triangle trade, and plantations with slave labor. There was not gold to be found in the American colonies.
Part II – Short Answers
1.How did geography affect the economic development of the three colonial regions? In New England, soil was rocky and so any farming would’ve been subsistence. So, people made their living from the sea. In the Middle Colonies, there was good soil. Lots of commercial farming. Southern Colonies had good soil and long growing season and so there was a lot of agriculture.
2. In what ways was an American culture developing during the colonial period?
The Great Awakening was a period where more people became interested in religion and a lot of new churches were built. Schools were being built throughout the colonies, and there was a strong sense of family in America. New ideas about governments influenced people like Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson.
3. Why did conflict arise in North America between France and Great Britain?
Rivalry existed between the two countries, which caused tension in North America. Both countries wanted the Ohio country (aka more land). George Washington “killed” the French diplomat to start the fighting.
4. How did the outcome of the French and Indian War determine who controlled North America? After the Treaty of Paris, North America was divided so that the British got Canada and all the land to the Mississippi River. France was OUT!
Part III – Listing
- List all of the 13 original English colonies.
New YorkDelaware
VirginiaNorth Carolina
South CarolinaMaryland
MassachusettsNew Jersey
GeorgiaNew Hampshire
Rhode IslandPennsylvania
Connecticut