VIII. Classification
A. Introduction to Classification
-______is the ______of information or objects based on their ______.
-______is the study of the classification of organisms.
B. Systems of Classification
-Aristotle-invented 1st classification system.
-______-invented classification system we use today.
-Linnaeus created a______for naming organisms called ______.
-Binomial nomenclature groups organisms based on evolutionary relationships.
-In this system, all of the scientific names are 2 Latin words put together.
-The basic biological unit of the Linnaean classification system is the species. Species: Homo sapiens
C. Importance of Classification
-The advantage of naming organisms using binomial nomenclature is that scientists from all over the world, who speak many different languages, can ______with each other.
-Classification has helped lead to important discoveries including new medicines and new sources of energy.
D. How are living things classified?
-Organisms are classified based on 3 things:
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
-Living things are organized into different sized groups called ____. The kingdom is the largest group; all organisms on earth fit into 6 kingdoms. A species is the smallest grouping and includes only one kind of organism.
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E. 6 Kingdoms
-All life can be classified into 6 kingdoms:
1. Archaebacteria
2. Eubacteria
3. Protists
4. Fungi
5. Plantae
6. Animalia
Six KingdomsName / What it is. / Picture of Organism in Kingdom.
Archaebacteria / Prokaryote (no nucleus), unicellular (one-celled) live in extreme environments (hot spring)
Eubacteria / Prokaryote (no nucleus), unicellular (one-celled) lives in normal environments
Protists / Eukaryote (nucleus), unicellular (one –celled)
Fungi / Eukaryote (nucleus), unicellular or multicellular (one-celled or many-celled), decomposer (absorbs food and water from the environment)
Plants / Eukaryote (nucleus), multicellular (many-celled), has a cell wall and makes their own energy through a process called photosynthesis
Animals / Eukaryote (nucleus), multicellular (many-celled), no cell wall and needs to eat food in order to get energy.
IX. Ecology
A. Introduction to Ecology
-______is the study of ______that take place ______and their ______.
-All organisms depend directly or indirectly on other things for food, shelter, reproduction or protection and ecologists study these interactions.
B. Levels of Organization in Ecology
-To make the study of Earth easier, scientists have organized the world into different levels:
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1. ______-a living thing.
Ex: One deer.
2. ______- a group of organisms of one species that live in the same place at the same time.
Ex: Many deer
***Organisms in a population compete with each other for food, water and mates. This competition leads to natural selection. Competition increases when these things aren’t available.
3. ______- made up of interacting populations.
Ex: Deer, zebra and grass living together.
4. ______-made up of interacting communities.
Ex: Horse eating grass, grass growing in ground.
-______are made up of ______(living) and
______(non-living) factors.
Biotic factors-living things
Ex: trees, animals, bacteria
Abiotic factors-non-living things
Ex: sun, soil, air, water
5. ______-part of the Earth that supports life.
C. Organisms in Ecosystems
Habitat vs. Niche:
-A ______is where an organism lives.
Ex: A fish lives in a pond.
-A _____ is all of the strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment.
Example: A fish uses fins to swim, breathes through gills, lives in a pond and eats algae.
Symbiosis:
-______is a close and permanent relationship between two organisms.
-Symbiosis means living together.
-There are three kinds of symbiosis:
1. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit (++).
2. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and nothing happens to the other species (+0).
3. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is harmed (+-).