Participles
Present vs. Past Participles
1. boiling/boiled water
2. falling/fallen leaves
3. a drowning/drowned man
4. a criticizing/criticized speech
5. a sinking/sunken ship
Compound Adjectives
N-Vinga heart-breaking story
a record-breaking team
English-speaking people
eye-catching rings / N-Ven
a heart-broken man
a coin-operated machine
hand-made shoes
thunder-stricken people
Adj-Ving
a good-looking man
an easy-going person
sweet-smelling roses
strange-sounding stories / Adj-Ven
a ready-made dress
a poor-born child
green-painted houses
Adv-Ving
a hard-working student
an out-going girl
well-meaning advice
best-selling novels / Adv-Ven
a privately-owned garden
a well-educated man
widely-used dictionaries
well-behaved students
Adj-Ned
a broken-hearted man
a gray-haired teacher
a three-legged table
a five-roomed house / hot-tempered boys
four-footed animals
open-minded people
high-priced goods
Practice
1. We are warned not to eat food which contains cancer- (cause) substances.
2. Those snow- (cover) mountains are so beautiful.
3. Students in our school are all healthy- (look) girls.
4. My uncle lives in that red- (paint) house.
5. Tornados are fast- (move) whirlwind.
6. That the earth is round is a generally- (accept) fact.
7. You should get rid of those old- (fashion) ideas.
Participial Construction
Conj S + V…, S… V-ing…, S…
1. After he arrived at the station, he found the train had left.
at the station, he found the train had left.
2. As she was a stranger in the city, she didn’t know where to go.
a stranger in the city, she didn’t know where to go.
3. Because I didn’t know what to do, I was at a loss.
what to do, I was at a loss.
4. Because he had finished his homework, he went out to play.
his homework, he went out to play.
5. Though he is short and ugly, he is kind-hearted.
( )short and ugly, he is kind-hearted.
6. While he was walking down the street, he met an old friend.
down the street, he met an old friend.
Conj S + be V-en…, S… V-en…, S…
1. Because the letter was written in haste, it contains many mistakes.
in haste, the letter contains many mistakes.
2. As he has been praised too much, he becomes too proud.
( ) too much, he becomes too proud.
3. When she was asked the question, she felt embarrassed.
the question, she felt embarrassed.
Conj S1 + V…, S2… S1 + V-ing…, S2…
1. When she saw a handsome boy, her heart began to beat faster.
a handsome boy, her heart began to beat faster.
2. Because it was a holiday, he didn’t go to school.
a holiday, he didn’t go to school.
3. If weather permits, we will go on a picnic.
, we will go on a picnic.
Conj S1 + be V-en…, S2… S1 + V-en…, S2…
1. As the ground was covered with snow, we could only go on foot.
with snow, we could only go on foot.
2. After his homework had been finished, he went out to play.
(having been) , he went out to play.
S + V1… and (S) V2… S + V1…, V2-ing…
1. She stayed at home and cleaned the rooms.
She stayed at home, the rooms.
2. She stood amazed and she didn’t know what to do.
She stood amazed, what to do.
S1 + V1… and S2 + V2… S1 + V1…, S2 +V2-ing…
1. He stayed at home, and his wife went shopping.
He stayed at home, his wife shopping.
2. She fainted and we didn’t know what to do.
She fainted, we what to do.
Practice
1. (Discover) a dead body in the dark alley, I called the police at once.
2. (Do) all the work, they closed the shop.
3. He was quite puzzled, (know, not) what to do.
4. (Bring) up in America, she speaks fluent English.
5. (Defeat) by the enemy, the army ran away.