Nutrient Exam Review #2

Carbohydrates

  1. Define the words: nutrient, macronutrient and micronutrient
  2. Where do carbohydrates come from?
  3. Carbohydrates are the body’s ______source of energy.
  4. Each gram of carbohydrates has ______calories of energy for the body
  5. ______%of a person’s total daily calories should come from carbohydrates
  6. Calculate how many calories YOUR body needs from carbohydrates each day to be healthy.
  7. What is a simple carbohydrate?
  8. Give examples of simple carbohydrates
  9. 55% of your daily calories should come from carbohydrates but of this 55% ______% should come from simple carbohydrates and ______% from complex carbohydrates
  10. Describe what complex carbohydrates are
  11. Why are complex carbohydrates better for your body than simple carbohydrates?
  12. Dietary fibre provides the body with ______calories of energy
  13. How many grams of fibre does the body require for every 1000 calories consumed?
  14. Describe what soluble fibre is and why it’s important to the health of the body
  15. Describe what insoluble fibre is and why it’s important to the health of the body.

Proteins

  1. Proteins are made up of ______acids
  2. There are ______different amino acids
  3. It is the ______that is responsible for making one amino acid different form another
  4. Amino acids form ______bonds between the nitrogen of one amino group and the carbon of the carboxylic group. When this happens ______is always formed
  5. What property of a protein determines its function?
  6. What is denaturation?
  7. True or false – denaturation of a protein results in a change in shape but NOT a change between the peptide bonds holding the amino acids together
  8. List four ways proteins can be denatured
  9. Give an example of protein denaturation that involves cooking or baking
  10. What is a complete protein? Give examples
  11. Why are vegetables considered incomplete protein sources
  12. List four ways proteins function in the body
  13. What happens if you eat too much protein?
  14. What are the negative consequences on the body of a high protein diet?

Lipids

  1. Fats are part of a larger group called ______
  2. What state is fat found in a room temperature? What about oil?
  3. Saturated fats contain ______covalent bonds between their carbon atoms
  4. Unsaturated fats contain ______covalent bonds between their carbon atoms
  5. Saturated fats mainly come from ______products while unsaturated fats are found in ______products
  6. Saturated fats ______LDL cholesterol, while unsaturated fats______LDL cholesterol
  7. Man-made fats are called ______fats which are made by the process of
  8. Trans fats look like ______fats but they are ______at room temperature and have a longer ______life and good flavour
  9. List four examples of foods that are high in trans fats
  10. What is cholesterol?
  11. ______%of the cholesterol in our blood is made by our body while the other ______% should come from the foods we eat
  12. True or false – all foods contain cholesterol whether they originate from plants or animals
  13. List the four reasons why cholesterol is important in the body
  14. List 6 functions of fat in the body
  15. Complete the table below by placing a checkmark in the column corresponding to the correct answer.

Food / Polyunsaturated / Monounsaturated / Saturated / Trans
Corn Oil
Avocado
Butter
Peanut Butter
Hydrogenated Margarine
Almonds

Vitamins and Minerals

  1. What is a vitamin?
  2. What is the difference between water soluble and fat soluble vitamins?
  3. List the four fat soluble vitamins
  4. What is a mineral?
  5. What are the differences between major minerals, minor minerals and electrolytes/
  6. What are antioxidants and why are they important?
  7. What are phytochemicals and why are they important?