What Is a Cause? the Reason Or Reasons Behind Which Something Happens

Name:______

Date:______Pd:______

CAUSE AND EFFECT

CAUSES:

What is a cause? The reason or reasons behind which something happens.

Examples: 1. The need in colonial times for an inexpensive labor source to make

the growing of crops profitable led to slavery.

2. The Witch Trials of 1692 in Salem Mass. conducted by the

Religious/Political leaders of the community based on superstitions

and beliefs led to the death of 20 people, 19 by hanging.

3. A student (student "A") walking on the sidewalk gives a dirty look to

another student (student "B") which causes that student ("B") to return

the perceived dirty look. Friends tell student "A" that student "B" is a

jerk. Student "A" agrees and tells student "B" that loudly in front of

"B's" friends. A fight begins!

POSSIBLE CAUSES?

-the DIRTY LOOK!

-"A" likes "B's" significant other (boyfriend or girlfriend)

-"B" is from one group on campus and "A" is from another

-"A" or "B" gave the other a DIRTY LOOK in 7th grade and

they remember and are not going to take it anymore.

EFFECTS:

What is an Effect? The result/results or aftermath of something that happens.

Examples: 1. Slavery led to;

-persecution of a race of people

-prejudice toward a group of people

-misinformation about a group of people (stereotypes)

-strong enough feelings among whites that some

were willing to kill over the issue (i.e. Civil War)

-economic discrimination

-political discrimination

-mistrust

-and what else?

2. Salem's Trials of 1692 led to;

-mistrust

-fear

-laws that might prevent that from happening again

-separation of Church and State

3. Fight between student "A" and "B":

-suspension from school

-one or both seeking revenge or their friends seeking

revenge (i.e. harming the others car, home or friends)

-members of each students groups begin giving DIRTY LOOKS to members of the other students group and fights break out among them

Fill in the causes and effects of the following events (There can be multiple):

-High school dropouts

Causes;Effects;

-Passage of laws that limit gun ownership

Causes;Effects;

-Texting and driving

Causes;Effects;

-The Homeless

Causes;Effects;

-Crime

Causes;Effects;

-Drug Abuse

Causes;Effects;

-Your Family

Causes;Effects;

-Your Life

Causes;Effects;

-The American Revolution

Causes;Effects;

-Discrimination, prejudice, bigotry, ignorance

Causes;Effects;

CAUSE AND EFFECT

From the following paragraph, list as many causes and effects as you can.

In the 1820s and '30s, a wave of religious revivalism swept the United States, leading to increased calls for temperance. The state of Massachusetts passed a temperance law banning the sale of alcohol in less than 15-gallon quantities; though the law was repealed two years later, it set a precedent for such legislation. Maine passed the first state prohibition law in 1846, and a number of other states had followed suit by the time the Civil War began in 1861.

By the turn of the century, temperance societies were a common fixture in communities across the United States. Women played a strong role in the temperance movement, as alcohol was seen as a destructive force in families and marriages. In 1906, a new wave of attacks began on the sale of liquor, led by the Anti-Saloon League (established in 1893) and driven by a reaction to urban growth, as well as the rise of evangelical Protestantism and its view of saloon culture as corrupt and ungodly. In addition, many factory owners supported prohibition in their desire to prevent accidents and increase the efficiency of their workers in an era of increased industrial production and extended working hours.

In 1917, after the United States entered World War I, President Woodrow Wilson instituted a temporary wartime prohibition in order to save grain for producing food. That same year, Congress submitted the 18th Amendment, which banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors, for state ratification. The 18th Amendment went into effect a year later, by which time no fewer than 33 states had already enacted their own prohibition legislation.

Both federal and local government struggled to enforce Prohibition over the course of the 1920s. Enforcement was initially assigned to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), and was later transferred to the Justice Department. In general, Prohibition was enforced much more strongly in areas where the population was sympathetic to the legislation--mainly rural areas and small towns--and much more loosely in urban areas. Despite very early signs of success, including a decline in arrests for drunkenness and a reported 30 percent drop in alcohol consumption, those who wanted to keep drinking found ever-more inventive ways to do it. The illegal manufacturing and sale of liquor (known as "bootlegging") went on throughout the decade, along with the operation of "speakeasies" (stores or nightclubs selling alcohol), the smuggling of alcohol across state lines and the informal production of liquor ("moonshine" or "bathtub gin") in private homes.

`In addition, the Prohibition era encouraged the rise of criminal activity associated with bootlegging. The most notorious example was the Chicago gangster Al Capone, who earned a staggering $60 million annually from bootleg operations and speakeasies. Such illegal operations also fueled a corresponding rise in gang violence.

`With the country mired in the Great Depression by 1932, creating jobs and revenue by legalizing the liquor industry had an undeniable appeal. Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt ran for president that year on a platform calling for Prohibition's appeal, and easily won victory over the incumbent President Herbert Hoover. FDR's victory meant the end for Prohibition, and in December 1933 the 21st Amendment was passed officially banning prohibition and allowing alchol to be legal once again.