2008 Minnesota Undergraduate Tournament - Playoff Packet 1
Packet by Gautam Kandlikar with help by Charles Meigs
Edited by Rob Carson, Andrew Hart, and Gautam Kandlikar
Tossups
1. The presence of co-ops is shown to increase the rate of technological innovations in these markets in agricultural industries, and one behavior in this situation states that the minor firms will follow the lead of another firm’s decisions on quantity in the Stackelberg model. Simultaneous determination of prices occurs in the Bertrand model for them, which suggests that firms may use marginal-cost pricing, while firms simultaneously determine output in the Cournot model for these markets. Kinked demand explains why lowering price from the equilibrium is unprofitable in this situation, and it is assumed to exist when four firms have greater than 40% of the market share. The beer and steel industries are examples of, for 10 points, what types of markets dominated by a few firms.
ANSWER: oligopoly
2. One character in this work preaches the “Salvation and five percent” doctrine and the protagonist helps that character in increasing Sunday school attendance. After giving a speech at the SAREB convention, the protagonist supports the conservative candidate Prout for mayor, but for a short while is affected by the liberal Seneca Doane. When Zilla is shot by her husband Paul Riedling, the protagonist changes his outlook and has an affair with Tanis Judique, but breaks up with her and joins the Good Citizen’s League after his wife Myra recovers from illness. For 10 points, identify this novel about a real estate agent from Zenith, a work by Sinclair Lewis.
ANSWER: Babbitt
3. The ISIS and SNS facilities produce these particles using spallation, and a nonzero electric dipole moment would imply the violation of CPT theorem. Certain objects composed of these particles obey the Tolman-Oppeheimer-Volkov limit, whose antiparticle having a mass of 940 MeV was discovered by Bruce Cork. When free, this particle has a lifetime of about 15 minutes and decays into an antineutrino, an electron and a proton, and it is a baryon made up of two down quarks and one up quark. Discovered by James Chadwick, for 10 points, identify this neutral subatomic particle.
Answer: neutron
4. The Vedic god Soma represented it, and in Hindu myth the god associated with it presides over Rohini and Shravana. In Aztec myth, it was formed after the head of Coyolxauhqui was cut off by Huitzilopochtli. The Mesopotamian representation of it was the husband of Ningal, and was born to Enlil and Ninlil, and is called Nanna or Sin. In Norse myth, Hati chases Mani, who is the god of this entity, while the Mayan goddess representing it sometimes holds a rabbit in her hands. For 10 points, identify this entity represented by Selene for the Greeks and Luna for the Romans.
ANSWER: the moon
5. This man published the 11 essays in the collection “Letters of Publicola” which were critical of Paine’s Rights of Man and he later became the ambassador to the court of Alexander I. During his re-election campaign he nominated his Treasury Secretary Richard Rush as his Vice-Presidential candidate, while he condemned the Mexican-American war when he was a representative and introduced several anti-slavery measures despite gag-rules. He also successfully represented the Amistad slaves and negotiated the treaty of Ghent and the annexation of Florida from Spain during his stint as Secretary of State under James Monroe. For 10 points, identify this man who won the 1824 election through the “corrupt bargain.”
ANSWER: John Quincy Adams
6. In one of this man’s works, Alyosha tells Belyaev about his father and is horrified to see the Belyaev break a promise, while in another work, Ivan narrates the delusion of Nikolai who dreamt of growing the titular fruit on his estate. In addition to writing A Trifling Occurrence and Gooseberries, he wrote of the ideological conflict between Gromov and Ragin in his Ward No. 6, and an affair between Gurov and Anna Diedritz is the focus of his The Lady with a Dog. In better known works, Madame Ranevskaya sells a titular estate to pay off debts and Konstantin Treplev kills himself after killing the titular bird. For 10 points, identify this Russian author of The Cherry Orchard and The Seagull.
ANSWER: Anton Chekov
7. The TIR1 protein binds to the SCF complex and is then headed for degradation after binding to these entities. PGP and PIN are proteins involved in the transport of these molecules. Their transport also involves a decrease in the pH of the cell, which induces the activation of expansins. Excess concentration of these molecules can induce Ethylene synthesis, which causes leaf abscission. Indole-3-acetic acid is an important member of this class of molecules, which play a significant role in apical dominance. For 10 points, identify these plant hormones which are best known for their influence in phototropism and geotropism.
ANSWER: auxins
8. This man supported Caecilius Metellus’ controversial legislation for which he was suspended. Earlier, he quit from the office of flamen Dialis when he was exiled by Sulla, and he ran for the office of Pontifex Maximus in opposition to Quintus Catulus. While sailing to Rhodes he was captured by pirates whom he later crucified, and he allegedly had a homosexual relationship with Nicomedes IV of Bithynia. He was the victor at Pharsalus, and he defeated Vercingetorix in Alesia, which is recounted in his Commentaries on the Gallic Wars. For 10 points, identify this man who crossed the Rubicon and was murdered by Brutus on the Ides of March.
ANSWER: Gaius Julius Caesar
9. One of the figures in the background is Hughie, the janitor of the institution, while the artist painted himself in the center right painting the scene. The title character’s son leans on to the ramp to the exit, and two people can also be seen observing the central event from the doorway. On the left, a person is writing in a book, while a woman dressed in black lies on the floor and cringes after viewing the central scene. Four people assist the titular figure who stands with a scalpel in his right hand, but the open gash on the thigh and the blood spewing out of a patient grabs the attention of the students observing the procedure. For 10 points, identify this depicting a physician from Jefferson Medical School performing a surgery, a work by Thomas Eakins.
ANSWER: The Gross Clinic
10. In one poem, he says that those who are “slaves to habit” and “abandon a task before starting it” are condemned to the titular action, and the narrator of another poem reminds the subject that “Do not look for me, I shall already have forgotten you” when the titular event occurs. In addition to writing “Die Slowly” and “If You Forget Me” he wrote about A Large Tuna in the Market, a Chestnut on the Ground, and Celery, which are subjects of his Elemental Odes, while the narrator states that the subject “swallowed everything, like distance. Like the sea, like time” and laments “In you everything sank!” in A Song of Despair. For 10 points, identify this Chilean poet who wrote “20 Love Poems” and Canto General.
ANSWER: Pablo Neruda
11. In this conflict’s initial battles Catinat and Villeroi were defeated at Carpi and Chiari in northern Italy, while the attempt to seize a treasure ship resulted in a victory for George Rooke at Vigo Bay. This war began when the Second Partition treaty was broken when the United Provinces were attacked. Other battles in this conflict include one in which Marshall Villars clashed with Eugene of Savoy at Malplaquet, and Marlborough aided Prince Leopold’s armies against Louis XIV at Blenheim. Its American phase is known as Queen Anne’s War. For 10 points, identify this war which resulted from a Bourbon king taking power in a certain European nation, ended by the 1713 treaty of Utrecht.
ANSWER: War of Spanish Succession
12. One character in this work sings the aria “Parmi veder la lagrime” after learning about the abduction of a character whom he met earlier when disguised as Gualtier Maldè. That character is the subject of the aria “Caro Nome” and at the beginning of this work he sings “Quaesta o Quella” when he attempts to seduce Countess Ceprano. Based on Victor Hugo’s play Le Roi s’amuse, the title character is cursed by Monterone for aiding the Duke of Mantua in his flings and unwittingly aids in the abduction of his daughter Gilda, who is killed by the assassin Sparafucile. Featuring the aria “La donna è mobile,” for 10 points, identify this Giuseppe Verdi opera about a hunchbacked court jester.
ANSWER: Rigoletto
13. One of these anomalously contains 29 sonnets of Estienne de la Boitie, while another one describes a story narrated by Jacques Amiot about the Duc de Guise. Yet another claims that "contemplation" withdraws the soul from ourselves. In addition to That to Study Philosophy is to Learn to Die, one of these notes that to die an old death is "rare" and is the "extremest sort of dying", while a more famous one asks the question "What do I know?" and is titled Apology for Raymond Sebond. For 10 points, identify this set of compositions including Of the Education of Children, Of Drunkenness, Of Experience, popularized as a namesake literary form by Michel de Montaigne.
ANSWER: Essays of Montaigne or Essais
14. He travels with Partridge when he is banished due to his affair with Molly Seagrim, and he meets Mrs. Waters who is harassed by some officers in Upton. During his stay with the Miller family, this character helps fix Nightingale’s marriage to Nancy, and has an affair with Lady Bellaston, but is imprisoned for injuring Mr. Fitzpatrick in a duel. He was tutored in his childhood by Square and Thwackum and is antagonistic to Master Bilfil, but Jenny Jones reveals that he is the son of Bridget Waters, which facilitates his marriage to Sophia Western. For 10 points, identify this nephew of Squire Allworthy, a titular foundling created by Henry Fielding.
ANSWER: Tom Jones
15. The Ruzicka cyclization reaction can be used to produce cyclic versions of these compounds, and the Fries rearrangement converts a phenyl ester to a hydroxyl aryl version of these compounds. Methyl varieties of these and a related type of compounds can be detected using the haloform test, and they exhibit tautomerism with enols. These compounds are reduced to tertiary alcohols, and they do not form a silver mirror in the presence of the Tollens reagent, unlike the similar aldehydes. For 10 points, identify this class of compounds which contains two alkyl groups bound to a carbonyl atom, and whose best known member is acetone.
ANSWER: ketones
16. The Buduma and Kuri people live near this body of water, and the area between it and a river to its West was studied by the Anglo-French Boundary Commission in 1904. Once believed to be the origin of the Bahr el-Ghazal River, it was first described in a map by Dixon Denham and Clapperton became the first European to sight it. One body studying it has proposed diverting the Ubangi River into the Chari River which feeds it, and it also receives water from the Logome River. An important source of water for the Kanem-Bornu Empire, it has significantly shrunk due to “overgrazing” of the land around it in the recent past. For 10 points, identify this lake located at the corner of Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, and a namesake country.
ANSWER: Lake Chad or Lac Tchad
17. Each one of these pieces features a violone or violone grosso which essentially mirrors the cello, and the tuning of said instruments for these pieces is debated. One of these requires the use of an “Echo flute,” and only the first one of them has four movements, the last of which contains a polonaise and is notable for featuring hunting horns. A slow harpsichord movement is inserted into the third one of these, and its final piece features a viola de gamba which was to be played by Prince Leopold. For 10 points, identify this collection of six instrumental pieces by J. S. Bach named after a German duchy.
ANSWER: Brandenburg Concertos or Brandenburg Concerti
18. Members of this entity were executed by a rival group in the Amboyna massacre, and it was the benefactor of the Commutation act of 1784. Thomas Roe helped established an early base for it in Surat, and it established Fort William off the Hugli [Hoo-glee] river bank. It was divested of power after the Meerut Rebellion, and it rose to power after Robert Clive’s victory of Plassey, but it is better known for perpetrating the Opium Wars and having its products vandalized at the Boston Tea Party. For 10 points, identify this corporation that was established to oversee trade between London and its Oriental colonies.
ANSWER: British East India Company or Honourable East India Company (prompt on: “John company” or “East India Company” or “Company Bahadur;” prompt on: The Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies but DO NOT ACCEPT: English Company Trading to the East Indies)
19. A formula named for this man and Bonnet (bahn-ay) states that the surface integral for a namesake curvature over a Riemannian manifold is equal to 2 pi times the Euler characteristic, while an algorithm named for him and Legendre is used to compute the digits of pi. Complex numbers whose real and imaginary parts are both integers are known as this man’s integers. A certain error function closely related to the normal distribution is also named after him, and he proved that an n-gon is constructible when n is divisible by a Fermat prime, but he is better known for a law which states that the net electric flux is proportional to the charge enclosed by the surface. For 10 points, identify this German mathematician who is the namesake of a unit of flux density.
ANSWER: Carl Friedrich Gauss