Chapter 1 Introduction and Homeostasis

•Physiology=function

•Anatomy=structure

•structure aids function

•Pathology=disease=bad A&P

why study physiology ?

•because you have to

•learn the language of health care

•recognize disease

•goals of treatment

•this is the story of you

functions of living things

•obtain energy from environment

–change to useful formATP

•obtain and process building materials

–digest, absorb, transport

•communication and control systems

–coordinate functions between tissues

•make more living things

–reproduction, genetics

Organ Systems

•Integumentary

•Skeletal

•Muscular

•Nervous

•Endocrine

•Cardiovascular

•Lymphatic ; Immune

•Respiratory

•Digestive

•Urinary

•Reproductive

integrated functions

•movement

•nutrition

•fluid balance

•elimination

•regulation

•more individuals

Homeostasis

• = similar condition

•optimum conditions

•temperature

•blood pressure

•glucose levels

•keep things optimum for survival

homeostasis

•variablebody function or amount

–set pointnormal level

•receptornotices change

–stimulusany change that excites a receptor

•integration centercompares change to set point

•effectorcauses response

negative feedback

•response is opposite to change

•brings variable back to normal

•body temp

•BP

•glucose

inhibition

•response shuts off response

–low glucose shuts off insulin production

•

•end-product inhibition

–insulin shuts off insulin production

–products shut off chemical reactions

•antagonsistsopposite effectors

positive feedback

•response increases the change

•labor contractions

•blood clotting

•still has an end pointno stimulus

–baby not presentno stretch

–clot formedno rough edge

Homeodynamics

•homeostasis is dynamic

•optimum function for current condition

•25o F outside

•no food for 4 days

•lions

•exercise

•dynamic dysequilibrium

physiologic reflexes

•SensationIntegrationResponse

•appropriate response to changes

•

•receptornotices change

•afferent pathwaysensory neurons

•integration centerbrain endocrine glands

•efferent pathwaymotor neurons blood

•effectormuscle, organ, gland

science vs non-science

•science=things that can be tested

•nonscience=things that must be believed

learning

•science of the earlearning what we are told

•science of the eyelearning what we sense

Scientific Method

•science = deductions from reproducible data

•we must trust our senses

•we must trust our methods

•we analyze what we observe, not what we expect

•

•observation

•hypothesis

•experiment

•data collection

•deductions

•2 groups :

•experimental group

•independent variablewe control values

•dependent variablechanges w/ independent

•elimination of other variables

•control groupindependent variable doesn’t change used for comparison to experimental group

data analysis

•x-axisindependent variable

•y-axisdependent variable

•curve

•positive correlation

•negative correlation