Study Guide - 1st Quarterly Exam - Science

CLASSIFICATION

  • Binomial nomenclature – two-part scientific name (Genus species)
  • Characteristics of living things
  • M – movement
  • R – respiration
  • S – sensitivity (stimulus and response)
  • G – growth
  • R – reproduction
  • E – excretion
  • N - nutrition
  • Levels of classification from kingdom to species (largest – smallest)
  • Characteristics of organism within each of the 5 kingdoms
  • Animal – multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs
  • Plant – multicellular, eukaryotic autotrophs
  • Fungi – multicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs (decomposers)
  • Protist – unicellular, eukaryotic heterotrophs
  • Moneran –unicellular, prokaryotic heterotrophs/autotrophs
  • Dichotomous keys
  • Evidence used for classification
  • Behavior and physical appearance
  • Method of reproduction, locomotion, diet and habitat
  • Cells and DNA analysis

INSECTS

  • Characteristics of arthropods and insects
  • Special insect orders
  • Coleoptera – beetles (most diverse and populous insect order)
  • How do insects make sounds?
  • Insect mouthparts
  • Siphoning – long, flexible proboscis used for drinking nectar
  • Piercing – thing, needle-like proboscis used for sucking blood
  • Sponging – funnel-like proboscis used for lapping up dissolved food
  • Metamorphosis – growth and development
  • Molting (simple) – shedding skin
  • Incomplete – egg, nymph, adult
  • Complete – egg, larva, pupa, adult

IPM

  • Steps of IPM
  • Identification – What is causing the problem?
  • Pest biology – Learn about the pest?
  • Monitor – How bad is the problem?
  • Threshold – How much is it going to cost? Is it worth it?
  • Tactic – Choose a method to control/get rid of the pest.
  • Evaluation – How well did it work?
  • IPM Tactics
  • Cultural – take away items pest needs to survive
  • Physical – traps, burn nests, remove pest
  • Genetic – sterilize the males; genetically modify the pest or its food source
  • Biological – natural predators
  • Chemical – pesticides and insecticides
  • Regulatory – government laws and regulations

MICROSCOPES

  • Total magnification – eyepiece x objective lens
  • Parts and functions

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

  • Steps of the scientific method – What takes place in each step?
  • Research/background information
  • State your purpose/problem question
  • State your hypothesis/make a logical prediction based on prior knowledge
  • Develop your procedure
  • Collect and record data (numerical and observable)
  • Analyze your results
  • Draw conclusions
  • Experimental factors
  • Independent variable – the factor you control
  • Dependent variable – what you are testing/measuring/observing
  • Experimental group – the testing group
  • Control group – the group used for comparison
  • Controls – what is kept constant throughout the experiment