Chapter 7 The Evolution of Living Things
On notebook paper, either copy the question and write a short answer or write the question and answer together in a sentence.
Section 1 – Change over Time – p. 166-172
1.What do adaptations help organisms do?
2. Define species.
3. (notes) Which traits are not inherited?
4. All the same species in an area are a ______of organisms.
5. According to the theory of evolution, what happens to populations over time?
6. What is a fossil?
7. How do fossils support the theory of evolution?
8. (notes) Draw some sedimentary rock layers with fossils in them. Label newest and oldest.
9. What DNA evidence could support the theory of common ancestors?
10. (notes) In coevolution, why do species change?
Section 2 – How Does Evolution Happen? P. 174-179
11. How did Galapagos animals compare to Ecuador animals?
12. How did Darwin think the finches might have gotten to the island?
13. Darwin reasoned that ______of the ______inherit traits that help the offspring ______in their ______.
14. What does natural selection mean?
15. (notes, don’t write the question) Fitness, in terms of evolution, doesn’t always mean the strongest or biggest. Describe what fitness means for the theory of natural selection.
16. How would DNA evidence have helped Charles Darwin with his theory?
Section 3 – Natural Selection in Action – p. 180-183
17. Why does natural selection change populations?
18. Why would there be more elephants without tusks now, than 100 years ago?
19. Why would male bird populations become more colorful over time?
20. (notes) How is variation different from speciation?
21. (notes) What happens in geographic speciation?
22. (notes) Explain the difference between gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.
Chapter 8 The History of Life on Earth
23. A ______fossil is made when an organism decays within layers of sedimentary rock, and a ______fossil fills in the mold.
24. Which type of dating is based on position in sedimentary rock?
25. Which type of dating measures age in years?
26. Absolute dating is figured out by measuring the ratio of ______to ______.
27. What is a period of mass extinction?
28. Which speed of change is more likely to cause extinction? Why?