Muslim Civilization WORLD HISTORY NOTES DATE:______
“It was a religion that launched an empire.”
The Arabian Peninsula
Ø The ______is a harsh and with vast desert interior.
o People lived as ______.
§ Each tribe had a different polytheistic god or deity.
§ ______
If people can’t farm they have to ______…
Ø On the route of the Silk Road
Ø Traded: Horses, Thoroughbred Camels, Ostriches, & Tanned Hides
Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
Ø On the Arabian Peninsula, Bedouin (Arab Nomad) tribes organize into clans. Their Ideals of courage and loyalty to family would become part of culture.
Ø By the 600’s trade routes connected Arabs to the major ocean and land trade routes. Trade was extended as far as the silk road would allow.
Ø Mecca
o Home of the ancient shrine called the Ka’aba (supposedly built by Abraham).
o The building was used for a peace meeting between different clans/tribes. It also housed a rock from the sky (meteorite)
o Muhammad was born here in AD 570.
The Prophet Muhammad
Ø Born into a powerful Meccan family.
o He became an orphan by age four, and his uncle (the clan/tribe leader) raised him.
o He married a wealthy merchant.
o Around the age of 40, he believed that he received a call from the Angel Gabriel to proclaim him the messenger of Allah.
Basis of Islam
Ø Islam originated in the Middle East around ______with the Prophet, Muhammad.
Ø Muhammad was born in Mecca and traveled to Medina in a journey called the ______, that became the founding of Islam.
Ø Muslim worshippers follow scriptures called the Qur'an, or Koran. The collection of Islamic laws is also known as the Sharia.
A religion emerges…Islam
Ø Muhammad the Messenger
o Prophet of Islam who Muslims-(those who surrender to God) recognize as Allah’s messenger to all humankind. ______.
o Muhammad’s Revelations
§ “Allah was the one and only true and all-powerful God.”
§ (Guidelines) How people should live.
Ø Muhammad’s teachings get him in trouble with local leaders so he moved to Medina.
The Hijrah
Ø After some of his followers were attacked, Muhammad leaves Mecca for a city called Yathrib, 200 miles north. ______. The conservative Meccan authority believed that Muhammad’s radical ideals would changed their way of life.
Return to Mecca
Ø 630 – Muhammad returns to Mecca with an army of 10,000 men.
Ø Mecca surrenders, Muhammad destroys the idols in the Ka’aba.
Ø Muhammad dies at the age of 62.
Islamic Guidelines
Ø Forbidden to eat pork
Ø No alocholic beverages
Ø Must wash themselves before prayer (must be pure before praying to God)
Ø Prohibition of murder, lying, and stealing
Ø Jihad- struggle for the faith
o Islam views Christianity has taken the wrong path because we worship Jesus.
Sunna and Sharia
(Legal & Ethical Systems)
Ø Sharia
o ______that reflects the various rules by which all Muslims should live.
Ø Sunna
o ______
o Includes hundreds of individual lessons or reports on Muhammad's actions.
People of the Book
Ø Christianity, Judaism, & Islam are all monotheistic.
o “The Qur’an teaches that Allah is the same as God in the Jewish and Christian traditions.
Spread of Islam
Ø Muhammad dies in 632 and many question who should follow him.
o Abu Bakr- chosen as ______
o ______- area ruled by a caliph
Ø Expansion of territory included:
o Persian Empire (642 AD) completely crushed
o Byzantine Empire (642 AD) – Eastern half of Roman Empire, conquered only some of the territory.
Islamic Schism
Ø Islamic faith splits as a result of Umayyad rule.
o The majority accepted them (______, followers of Muhammad’s example)
o The group that resisted was called the ______who believed that the Caliph (ruler) needed to be ______.
o ______is a third group *very small*
o Seek a mystical, personal connection with God.
o Breath Control & Meditation
Umayyads Caliphate
Ø The Umayyad family comes to power and moves the Muslim capital to Damascus.
o The move away from Mecca makes controlling conquered territories easier but the old order hates the move and fears it to far from the holy land.
o ______.
o ______.
o Question: The Umayyad family was not descended from the Prophet, backed by which side? ---
Abbasids Caliphate
Ø ______.
o One member of the Umayyad family escapes to Spain and sets up a Caliphate in Spain.
Ø The Abbasids consolidate power by moving to a new, central city called Baghdad the location was GEOGRAPHICALLY important!
o Center of trade routes.
Ø Mongols end this caliphate
Fatimid Caliphate (909 – 1171 AD)
Ø The Fatimid caliphate was set up by Shi’a Muslims who claim lineage from ______.
o The empire would stretch from North Africa across the Red Sea to western Arabia and Syria.
Muslim Society
Ø Man is head of the family
o ______. (Can’t favor a certain wife although it did happen.)
Ø Women had equal status regarding the laws.
o Could inherit property and seek divorce.
o ______.
§ Covered faces
§ Secluded to a harem
Muslim Achievements
Ø Astronomy and Mathematics
o ______- an instrument fore finding the positions and movements of stars and planets.
§ ______.
Ø Medicine (Early eye surgery)
Ø Islamic Art (Calligraphy- beautifully styled writing)
Ø Architecture
o (______)
§ One of the most revered sites
§ Located in Jerusalem
§ Spot were Muhammad ascended to heaven