Study on the Model of Coal Industry Cycle EconomicDevelopment and Evaluation System
Bo Wang1, Wei Jiang2, Ji-hui Zhang3, Cheng-xia Wu4
1,2,3School of Management, TianjinUniversity, Tianjin, China
4School of Management, TianjinUniversity of Technology, Tianjin, China
()
Abstract - Firstly, the development status and existing problems of China's coal industry is analyzed. Then, the circular economy development model is introduced.In order to achieve the rationalization of coal exploration and use, the circular economy and coal industry are combined to explore the model of coal industry cycle economic development. Finally, the evaluation system of the coal industry is constructed providing theoretical support for the development of the coal industry.
Keywords - Coal Industry, Cycle Economic, Development Model,Evaluation System
IINTRODUCTION
With the rapid economic development in China, energy demand is growing.The coal is basic energy in China and coal consumption accounts for two-thirds of primary energy consumption.However, the primary energy consumption structure is dominated by coal,which broughtthe increasing pressureto the environment .In facing of the dual pressures of growth in energy demand and environmental protection, this brings question on how to ensure energy supply and security. It also raises issue about how to abandon the traditional model of development to promote the coal industry economic and environmental coordinated development are the key to achieving sustainable development.
II THE EDVELOPMENT STATUS OF COAL INDUSTRY
The energy production and consumption is huge in China.There are rich in coal and oil, but poor in less gas. The proportion of coal in primary energy production and consumption has remained at more than 70%. The 76 percent of electricity fuel, the 70 percent of steelenergy, the 80 percent of the civilian fuel and the 60 percent of the chemical fuel are all from coal. Compared with other coal resources in the country,the situation of the coal resources in China is abundance in the total coal resources, but reserves are less certain exploration depth.The coal useful life in China is approximately 90-100 years, according to the direct use of coal resources and the annual output of 2 billion tons of coal[1]. At the same time, due to the unreasonable development and utilization of coal industry in China, there are still many problems unsolved.
(1) Resource recovery rate is low. The process ofcoal mining and using the waste is appalling. At present, the national coal mines resource recovery rate of is only bout 40percent. In particular, the recovery rate ofsmall-scale coal minesis only about 30%. At the same time, the recovery rate of coal mines in the developed countries is high,about 80% of the same period[2].
(2)Environmental pollutionis serious.Increasing
environmental pressures brought by the coal-based energy consumption structure. A lot of environmental problems are coming in the process of coal mining, such as exhaust gas, sewage and waste residue.
(3)The waste of water resources is serious. Coal mining had caused the waste of water resources, which alsoexacerbated the scarcity of water. According to the statistics, every year the coal discharge mine water 2.2 billion cubic meters, while the use rate of which is less than 40%.Surface subsidence caused bycoal formation makesthe water body dry up, affecting the regional ecological environment [3].
(4) The ecology lost imbalance. The surrounding environment of the coal enterprises is lost ecological imbalance ,which mainly due to the exploitation of coal mines. Powerful underground mining had led to the collapse of the surface. According to preliminary statistics, the large area of mining subsidence in the country has come to1150km2 [4].
III.THE CONNOTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMAY
3.1 The meaning of the circular economy
Circular economy is based on the efficient use and recycling use of resources,with characteristics of low consumption, low emission and high efficiency.It in line with the concept of sustainable development model, which changed thetraditional development as a signal of mass production, mass consumption and a large number of abandoned waste [5].The “3R”principles—reduction, reuse, and recycling of materials and energy—are often cited to describe the principle of circular economy.This definition not only points out the core of the circular economy, the principles and the characteristics, and also points out the circular economy is in line with the concept of sustainable development, capturing the crux of relative shortage of resources and a large number of consumption.
3.2 The operation mode of circular economy
After years of studies, a unique recycling economy development model has formed, namely minor circulation, medium circulation, greater circulation, super-cycle, waste disposal and recycling industry.
3.2.1 Minor circulation
At the enterprise level, the typical businesses and large enterprises is chosen, through product eco-design, eco-efficiency concept and cleaner production measures construct the eco-industrial pilot of a single enterprise and reduce material and energy use in products and services, in order to achieve the pollutant emissions minimized.
3.2.2 Medium circulation
At the regional level, in accordance with the principles of industrial ecology, the enterprises developa symbiotic relationship and establish the industrial ecological park, by way of material integration, energy integration and information integration between the enterprises.
3.2.3 Greater circulation
At the community level, we should focus on the establishment of recycling-oriented cities and provinces. In recent years, the State Environmental Protection Administration establish circular economy test pilot in the country andbuild a new industrial pattern. We alsoshould set up waste resources industry about processing, disposal and recycling.So, the fundamental solution to the utilization of waste resources in the society is come true[6].The greater circulationpromotes green consumption at the community level and builds waste separation recovery system, focusing on the material circulation and energy cascade utilization between the three industries. Finally, we can establish a recycling-oriented society[7].
IV research on the model of coal industry cycle economic development
According to the characteristics of the coal industry product life cycle phases, the recycling economy development model is divided into: the coal resources exploration model, the coal resources development model, the coal resources comprehensive utilization model, in addition to eco-parks, that is, cycles and small cycles. This paper describes the first three modes:
A. Mode of circular economy in prospecting coal resources
Coal resources exploration means the exploration of coal resources (this does not explain anything, try rephrasing). In accordance with the business ideas, namely more with less output, we should also do minerals development, utilization and improve the economic and social benefits of the coal enterprises, such as methane, metal ores and non-metallic mineral resources. The cycle of economic model of coal resources exploration is change the traditional model that relies on geological resource exploration into a new model that relying on geological resources exploration.
It is an exploration of the efficient use, recycling and reduction, with the character of low cost, efficiency and effectiveness, in line with the concept of sustainable development model of economic growth.Coal resources exploration cycle economic model shown in Figure 1.
B. Mode of coal resources circular economy development (clean extraction)
Clean mining is based on coal mining. It goes through the construction methods,the processes of coal miningand related technologies to strengthen the exploration of hard-to-mined coal.During the mining process, reduce the discharge of waste as possible and the exploitation caused by ecological and environmental damage (Figure 2) [8].
Fig.1 mode of coal exploration circular economy
C. Comprehensive utilization of coal resources circular economy mode (clean coal technology)
Clean coal technology refers to reduce pollution and improve the use efficiency of processing in the process of explorationand utilization, in order to maximize the potential use of coal ,as well as keep pollution in the lowest level.Clean coal technology (Clean Coal Technology) is first proposed in the United States in 1985 for the economic development and environmental protection. A national clean coal technology demonstration programs was also made.Comprehensive utilization of coal resources, the cycle of economic model shown in Figure 3
Fig.2 the main content of the clean mining
Fig.3 Comprehensive utilization of coal resources circular economy mode
V THE EVALUATION SYSTEM
In accordance with the basic principles of the 3R, scientific, systematic and operability as cycle economic indicators, combined with the status quo and development capabilities and the inherent potential of the development of circular economy in China's coal mines, the coal business cycle model of economic development must be able to help coal mines.
Table Ithe coal industry evaluation index system
theindicators of cyclic economy / The indicators of resource development and utilization / Reserve-production ratio
The extraction rate
Raw coal rate
The indicators of Resource Consumption / ten thousand output value energy consumption
ten thousand output value water consumption
The indicators of Pollution emissions / ten thousand output value solid waste emissions
ten thousand output value water waste emissions
ten thousand output value gas waste emissions
The indicators of Pollution reduction / Solid waste disposal rate
Wastewater discharge standards rate
Rate of waste gas treatment
Rate of smoke and dust control
The indicators of Comprehensive utilization / Material recycling rate
Comprehensive utilization of water resources
The
indicators of economy / The indicators of economic development level / Ratio of Assets
Cost margin
Per capita GDP
The indicators of Economic quality development / The proportion of non-coal output value
the proportion of Investment in research
Per capita income
Mortality rate
In the closed-circuit processing, material storage and energy management should bring ecological, economic and social benefits, achieving sustainable development [9]. Coal industry development of circular economy evaluation index system is shown in Table I.
VICONCLUSIONS
The coal industry circular economy development is based on production and consumption in China.In the process of consumption savings and waste reduction, resource reuse and the "zero discharge" are to promote the simultaneous growth of the coal industry economic efficiency, social and ecological benefits. The promotion of recycling economy development model is the key to the rational development of the coal industry, which related to the sustainable economic development, resource explorationand comprehensive utilization.We build a relatively reasonable evaluation index system, in order to effectively guide the sustained rapid and healthy development of coal industry.
REFERENCES
[1] Li innovative utilization of mineral resources [J]. Geology & Exploration, 2001,37 (4): 36238.
[2] Zhao Meitian. the path of coal enterprises circular economy development.
[3] Song Hongna. Study on circular economy development model based on coal business [D]. HenanPolytechnicUniversity, 2008.
[4] Wang Keqiang, Liu Yanqin. The development of circular economy of the coal enterprises in China Wuhan University of Technology, 2010,32 (4) :95-97.
[5] Sun Lei coal business cycle model of economic development, and evaluation system [D] Shandong University of Science and Technology, 2007.
[6] Shan Shengdao. Circular Economy[M]. Research Press,2005,65-66
[7] Zhou H C. Circular Economy in China and Recommendations [J]. Ecological Economy, 2006,2 (2) :102-124.
[8] Jiang Xianwu, Sun Lei, Zhang Dongmei. Study on the coal industry based on circular economysustainable development [J]. Coal, 2007 (5): 94.
[9] Sun Zheng. The model of Coal minescycle economic development [J]. Management Science and Engineering of ShandongUniversity of Science and Technology, 2005