Chapter 1: Introducing Psychology

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.The disorder characterized by impaired development in social behavior, communication, and motor behavior is:

a. / childhood depression / c. / autism
b. / attention deficit disorder / d. / Down syndrome

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.1 Introduction, Textbook | Video - Autism - Christina, Online | Video - Autism: A Spectrum Disorder, Online OBJ: LO1: Describe autism. MSC: TYPE: Easy

2.The prevalence of autism in the last 20 years has:

a. / stayed about the same / c. / decreased
b. / increased, but only among girls / d. / increased

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.1 Introduction, TextbookOBJ:LO1: Describe autism.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

3.The increase in autism is most probably due to:

a. / the breakdown of the family / c. / childhood vaccinations
b. / increased air and water pollution / d. / better diagnosis

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.1 Introduction, TextbookOBJ:LO1: Describe autism.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

4.The definition of psychology presented in your textbook is:

a. / the systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
b. / the study of abnormal behaviors and ways to psychoanalyze individuals.
c. / the systematic application of science to helping people who are mentally disturbed.
d. / the systematic, scientific study of human behavior.

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

5.Inez was attempting to recite the definition of psychology she read in her psychology textbook. She said that psychology is the systematic study of behavior and mental processes. What important word did she omit?

a. / rigorous / c. / psychoanalytical
b. / controlled / d. / scientific

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

6.In the definition of psychology presented in your text, the term behavior refers to:

a. / mental processes
b. / observable actions or responses
c. / thinking
d. / behaviors performed only by human beings

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

7.As Professor Gilpin is lecturing on the definition of psychology, he asks a student, Rita, to think about an example of a mental process. After thinking about it, Rita is still confused by the term mental processes. To clarify the term, Professor Gilpin should:

a. / ask a brighter student to define mental processes
b. / point out to Rita that mental processes are emphasized by the cognitive approach
c. / suggest that Rita use the SQ3R approach described in her text
d. / suggest that Rita, in her attempt to think about mental processes, was in fact giving an example of a mental process

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology

MSC:TYPE: Medium

8.The definition of psychology has evolved over time:

a. / without much dissent or discussion
b. / from specific to more general
c. / from general to more specific
d. / from a focus on humans to a focus on animals

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, TextbookOBJ:LO2: Define psychology

MSC:TYPE: Difficult

9.Which one of the following is not one of the four goals of psychology?

a. / to explain the causes of behavior / c. / to judge behavior
b. / to predict behavior / d. / to control behavior

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy

10.The four goals of psychology are to describe, explain, predict, and:

a. / test / c. / observe
b. / interact / d. / control

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy

11.People smile. This statement best illustrates the “____” goal of psychology.

a. / describe / c. / explain
b. / analyze / d. / summarize

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy

12.People smile because they are happy. This statement best illustrates the “____” goal of psychology.

a. / describe / c. / explain
b. / analyze / d. / summarize

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy

13.“I bet you will smile when you hear good news.” This best illustrates the “____” goal of psychology.

a. / predict / c. / explain
b. / analyze / d. / summarize

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Easy

14.Joseph said that several years ago in a long food line in the Soviet Union, an elderly woman fell to the ground and died of a heart attack. No one helped her. He added that this lack of helping is probably due to diffusion of responsibility. Joseph is fulfilling which goal of psychology?

a. / to explain behavior / c. / to control behavior
b. / to predict behavior / d. / to influence behavior

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Medium

15.In a documentary on TV, you hear of juvenile delinquents who have a hard time managing their anger. A psychologist has taught these troubled youths to think of how other people feel when they lose their temper. This application of psychology illustrates which goal?

a. / to explain behavior / c. / to control behavior
b. / to predict behavior / d. / to influence behavior

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Medium

16.A 4th grade teacher says to one of his students, “The next time you get away from your desk, I am going to take away five minutes from your recess time.” This example best illustrates the “____” goal of psychology.

a. / describe / c. / predict
b. / explain / d. / control

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Medium

17.You are participating in a field experience this semester in a local third grade class. One of the boys, Isaac, has autism. During one of your visits, the regular teacher was gone and a substitute took her place. Isaac’s most likely reaction to this new person would be:

a. / to take advantage of the situation and get his way
b. / to increase his focus on the lesson that the substitute is teaching
c. / to ignore her
d. / to have a difficult time adjusting to the substitute and other new stimuli

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO3: List and describe the goals of psychology.MSC:TYPE: Medium

18.Structuralists focused on ____, whereas functionalists focused on ____.

a. / elements of the mind; adaptability of the mind
b. / objective measurements; subjects’ self-reports
c. / adaptability of the mind; introspection
d. / the continuous flow of mental activity; breaking down mental structures into smaller units

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

19.The difference between “structuralism” and “functionalism” in the early years of psychology concerned a choice between:

a. / British or American psychology
b. / Abraham Maslow or John B. Watson
c. / studying the brain or the cultural setting of behavior
d. / studying narrow sensations or general adaptations to our changing environment

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

20.Structuralism required subjects to introspect in order to:

a. / report on the basic elements of their mental processes
b. / complete objective measures of mental functioning
c. / assemble sensations into meaningful perceptions
d. / be psychoanalyzed

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

21.Which of the following relationships best illustrates introspection?

a. / descriptions by the individual of his or her own sensations and perceptions
b. / descriptions of an individual’s behavior by a trained observer
c. / identification of reinforcers and punishers in specific situations
d. / identification of the relationships between neural functioning and cognition

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

22.If Wilhelm Wundt asked you to report your sensations and perceptions by looking inward, you would be engaging in:

a. / functionalism / c. / psychoanalysis
b. / introspection / d. / psychometrics

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

23.Introspection was later criticized as a research method because it:

a. / required too many behavioral observations
b. / focused solely on objective measurements and not on self-reports
c. / was only useful with psychologically disturbed patients
d. / was unscientific since it did not use objective measurement, but rather used only self-reports

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

24.Functionalism focused on:

a. / having subjects look inward and report on the workings of their minds
b. / the fact that perception was more than the sum of its parts
c. / how the mind helped the organism to adapt to its surroundings
d. / the objective, scientific analysis of observable behaviors

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

25.Wundt is to structuralism as:

a. / Freud is to experimentation / c. / Skinner is to ethology
b. / James is to psychoanalysis / d. / James is to functionalism

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

26.An article entitled, “The Mind: Goals and Purposes” would be most likely written by someone who identifies with:

a. / Wundt and structuralism / c. / Freud and Wertheimer
b. / James and functionalism / d. / Watson and structuralism

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

27.What important book did William James publish in 1890?

a. / Principles of Psychology
b. / Introduction to Psychology
c. / Psychology as a Behaviorist Views It
d. / The Structure of Psychological Thought

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

28.The father of modern psychology is considered to be:

a. / Sigmund Freud / c. / William James
b. / George Sanchez / d. / B.F. Skinner

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

29.The term Gestalt refers to:

a. / structuralism / c. / introspection
b. / observable behaviors / d. / whole pattern

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

30.The ____ approach emphasizes looking at the whole, rather than the sum of its parts.

a. / behavioral / c. / Gestalt
b. / functionalism / d. / psychoanalytic

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

31.Gestalt psychologists study how sensations are:

a. / experienced by the sensory organs
b. / assembled into meaningful perceptual experiences
c. / observed and recorded
d. / composed of smaller elements

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

32.John Watson rejected structuralism and stated that psychology should study:

a. / observable behaviors / c. / sensations and perceptions
b. / unconscious fears and behaviors / d. / introspection

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

33.Simon, who is a TV producer, has an idea for a new TV show. It will ask contestants about John Watson and award money for correct answers. What is the most likely title of this show?

a. / Leipzig 90214 / c. / Who Wants to Be a Behaviorist?
b. / I Love Cognition / d. / Who Wants to Be a Gestaltist?

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

34.The pioneering psychologist who offered the famous guarantee about being able to shape a baby into any type of specialist you might want was:

a. / William James / c. / Max Wertheimer
b. / John B. Watson / d. / Wilhelm Wundt

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

35.What did John B. Watson’s famous quote regarding taking a dozen healthy infants really mean?

a. / Development of personality starts at an early age.
b. / Manipulation of the environment causes changes in behavior.
c. / Only well-trained professionals like psychologists should raise children.
d. / Early training can unleash unconscious predispositions.

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook | Video - Shaping a Pigeon, Online

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Difficult

36.What approach has surpassed the popularity of behaviorism throughout the 1990s?

a. / functionalism / c. / psychoanalytic approach
b. / gestalt approach / d. / cognitive approach

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.2 Definition and Historical Overview, Textbook

OBJ:LO4: List and explain the historical approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

37.The ____ approach studies how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with the environment to influence behavior and mental processes.

a. / biological / c. / behavioral
b. / cognitive / d. / psychoanalytic

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook

OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

38.One of the most powerful new techniques in the biological approach is:

a. / testing how people process, store, and use information
b. / discovering how individuals learn new behaviors or modify existing ones
c. / taking computerized photos of the activity of living brains
d. / studying how the first five years affect later personality development

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook

OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

39.A biological perspective of a mental disorder may suggest that:

a. / a mental disorder is the result of traumatic experiences
b. / distorted perception is the main cause of mental disorder
c. / mental disorders can often be traced to brain dysfunction
d. / poor stress management techniques are the main cause of most mental disorders

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook | Reading - Biological Approach to Test Anxiety, Online OBJ: LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

40.Dr. Walsh is a psychobiologist and has published her work in several scientific journals. Of the following, which is the most likely journal to accept her papers?

a. / Journal of Behavior and Brain
b. / Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology
c. / Journal of Cognitive Psychology
d. / Psychometrics in Education

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook

OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

41.Stacey believes that, ultimately, the causes of all types of mental disorders will be traced to imbalances in brain chemicals. This statement best represents which psychological perspective?

a. / humanistic / c. / evolutionary
b. / cognitive / d. / biological

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Apply

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook

OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

42.A cognitive psychologist may study the way we memorize a telephone number by:

a. / investigating how we process and store the number in memory
b. / analyzing the rewards available for successful memorization
c. / researching the extent to which good memory skills are common in a family
d. / interviewing to determine what unconscious motives may be associated with certain telephone numbers that a person has memorized

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook | Reading - Cognitive Approach to Test Anxiety, Online OBJ: LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

43.Jerry is interested in discovering how people process, store, and use information. His interests reflect which psychological perspective?

a. / biological / c. / cognitive
b. / humanistic / d. / evolutionary

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook

OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

44.Which set of words best fits with the cognitive perspective?

a. / cerebellum, brain, biology / c. / process, memory, think
b. / reinforcement, punishment, learning / d. / unconscious, fears, guilty

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook

OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

45.____ studies cognitive skills by identifying the corresponding areas in the brain.

a. / Gestalt psychology / c. / Cognitive neuroscience
b. / Humanistic psychology / d. / Psychoanalysis

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Remember

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook

OBJ:LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Easy

46.If you had to write a book that describes the basic principle of behaviorism, which title would be best to select?

a. / Your Genes Are Your Friends / c. / Studying the Unconscious
b. / The Inner World / d. / Rewards and Punishments

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Bloom's: Understand

REF:1.3 Modern Approaches to Psychology, Textbook | Reading - Behavioral Approach to Test Anxiety, Online OBJ: LO6: Describe and distinguish the modern approaches to psychology.

MSC:TYPE: Medium

47.The rules that Donna, the autistic individual described in Module One, devised to control her unwanted behavior, best illustrate the ____ approach.