Unit 6 – Genetics

Directions: Answer the following questions completely and submit this assignment via google classroom by the end of the period. (Even if it is not complete)

Task 1: DNA and Mutations

  1. What is the relationship between DNA and genes?
  1. What is the relationship between amino acids and proteins?
  1. How does a gene code for a protein? (include the terms BASES, CODONS, and AMINO ACIDS in your response)
  1. What is a mutation?
  1. How does a mutation on a gene possibly cause a protein to be formed incorrectly? (include the terms BASES, CODONS, and AMINO ACIDS in your response)
  1. Show a possible mutation that can occur to the following strand of DNA

AAATTCGGGACTCGC

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Task 2: Genetics Basics

  1. What is an allele? Give examples of alleles for eye color.
  1. What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles? How can each be represented?
  1. What is the difference between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive genotypes? Represent each using symbols.
  1. What does heterozygous mean? How would it be represented using symbols? Which version of the trait would it show?
  1. What is the only way to show a recessive phenotype? Explain.
  1. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? Give examples of each?
  1. What is the RELATIONSHIP between genotype and phenotype?

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Task 3: Punnett Squares

For each of the following:

A.Complete the Punnett square in your notebook

  1. List the possible genotype and phenotypes of the offspring.

In peas, green is dominant to yellow pods. Use this information to complete the following:

  1. Two heterozygous pea plants (Gg) are crossed.
  1. A homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant.
  1. A heterozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant.

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  1. If round peas are dominant to wrinkled peas, explain how two plants with round peas could have offspring with wrinkled peas. Support your response using a Punnett square.
  1. In cats, brown fur is dominant to white fur. A cat with white fur is crossed with a cat with brown fur. They have 3 kittens with brown fur and one kitten with white fur. What are the genotypes of the parents?
  1. In cats, brown fur is dominant to white fur. If all the offspring are heterozygous, what might the genotypes of the parents be??