HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2008<596>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008174865
Authors Wu Z.H. Eschbach K. Grady J.J.
Institution (Wu) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
(Eschbach) Institute for Demographic and Socioeconomic Research, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
(Eschbach) Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
(Grady) Office of Biostatistics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
(Wu) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX77555-0587, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Contextual influences on polydrug use among young, low-income women: Effects of neighborhood and personal networks.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 17(2)(pp 135-144), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
This study assessed contextual risks for polydrug use in a triethnic sample (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic) of young women with a low income. For the current analysis, a total of 712 young women aged 18 to 31 years who sought care in state-funded family planning clinics in southeast Texas from December 2001 to May 2003 participated in the survey. The main outcome of the study was the number of illicit drugs (including marijuana, MDMA [ecstasy], crack cocaine, and other hard drugs) used in the last 12 months. Of the 712 subjects, 198 (28%) reported using illicit drugs in the past 12 months. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was significantly associated with drug use in a bivariate model. The proportion of women living in the most advantaged neighborhoods who reported drug use was more than twice that of women living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. However, the significance of neighborhood socioeconomic status was eliminated after controlling for ethnicity or for personal network characteristics in a multivariate ordinal logistic regression model. In contrast, in multivariate models, personal network indicators, such as a larger number of monthly contacts with friends (odds ratio [OR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11, 1.56) and a larger number of friends who used illicit drugs (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.33, 1.62) were associated with increased drug use. In addition, not being currently married (vs. being married) (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.44, 5.16) was associated with a larger number of drugs used in the last 12 months. In conclusion, we found that neighborhood socioeconomic status was not directly associated with more drug use when controlling for ethnicity or for personal network characteristics. Personal networks may mediate the relationships between neighborhood and drug use. Strategies to reduce polydrug use should target personal networks where friends use illicit drugs. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 17
Issue Part 2
Page 135-144
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
HEALTH AND SOCIAL (PAIN ISSUES) 2008<598>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008174862
Authors Potter J.S. Prather K. Weiss R.D.
Institution
(Potter, Prather, Weiss) McLeanHospital, Belmont, MA, United States.
(Potter, Weiss) HarvardMedicalSchool, Belmont, MA, United States.
(Potter) McLeanHospital, HarvardMedicalSchool, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA02478, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Physical pain and associated clinical characteristics in treatment-seeking patients in four substance use disorder treatment modalities.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 17(2)(pp 121-125), 2008. Date of Publication: Mar 2008.
Abstract
Physical pain among persons seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) and characteristics associated with pain were examined in a secondary analysis of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS), a multi-site treatment outcome study. Patients (N = 7,876) in four treatment modalities - long-term residential (LTR), short-term inpatient (STI), outpatient methadone treatment (OMT), and outpatient drug-free (ODF) - reported severity of physical pain experienced during the preceding 12 months. Moderate to severe physical pain was reported by 21.2% of LTR patients, 26.8% of STI patients, 33.6% of OMT patients, and 17.6% of ODF patients. Individuals with and without physical pain were compared across treatment modalities. Patients with pain were more likely to report weekly heroin use [aOR = 1.73 (1.44-2.08)], weekly narcotics use [aOR = 1.43 (1.18-1.74)] and greater depressive symptoms [aOR = 1.30 (1.21-1.38)]. These findings support the presence of a sizable proportion of SUD patients with pain who may benefit from pain assessment as part of their SUD treatment. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 17
Issue Part 2
Page 121-125
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Mar 2008
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2008<621>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008166169
Authors Olumide Y.M. Akinkugbe A.O. Altraide D. Mohammed T. Ahamefule N. Ayanlowo S. Onyekonwu C. Essen N.
Institution
(Olumide, Akinkugbe, Altraide, Mohammed, Ahamefule, Ayanlowo, Onyekonwu, Essen) Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.
(Olumide) Department of MedicineCollege of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Lagos, Nigeria.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Complications of chronic use of skin lightening cosmetics.
Source
International Journal of Dermatology. 47(4)(pp 344-353), 2008. Date of Publication: Apr 2008.
Abstract
Skin lightening (bleaching) cosmetics and toiletries are widely used in most African countries. The active ingredients in these cosmetic products are hydroquinone, mercury and corticosteroids. Several additives (conconctions) are used to enhance the bleaching effect. Since these products are used for long duration, on a large body surface area, and under hot humid conditions, percutaneous absorption is enhanced. The complications of these products are very serious and are sometimes fatal. Some of these complications are exogenous ochronosis, impaired wound healing and wound dehiscence, the fish odor syndrome, nephropathy, steroid addiction syndrome, predisposition to infections, a broad spectrum of cutaneous and endocrinologic complications of corticosteroids, including suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In this era of easy travels and migration, African patients with these complications can present to physicians anywhere in the world. It is therefore critical for every practicing physician to be aware of these complications. copyright 2008 The International Society of Dermatology.
ISSN 0011-9059
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name International Journal of Dermatology
Volume 47
Issue Part 4
Page 344-353
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Apr 2008
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2008<651>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008131175
Authors Dell'Osso B. Allen A. Altamura A.C. Buoli M. Hollander E.
Institution
(Dell'Osso, Altamura, Buoli) Department of Psychiatry, University of Milan, IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, Milano, Italy.
(Allen, Hollander) Department of Psychiatry, Compulsive and Impulsive Disorders Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Manhattan, NY, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Impulsive - Compulsive buying disorder: Clinical overview.
Source
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 42(4)(pp 259-266), 2008. Date of Publication: Apr 2008.
Abstract
Impulsive - Compulsive buying disorder (ICBD) is an impulse control disorder not otherwise specified (ICD-NOS) characterized by impulsive drives and compulsive behaviours (buying unneeded things), personal distress, impaired social and vocational functioning and financial problems. Despite being described in the 19th century, serious attention to ICBD began only in the last decade with the first epidemiological and pharmacological investigation. Biological, social and psychological factors contribute to the aetiology of ICBD. Cognitive - Behavioural therapy and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are currently considered the more effective interventions in the treatment of ICBD. The present review aims to provide a broad overview of the epidemiology, aetiology, phenomenology and treatment options of ICBD.
ISSN 0004-8674
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Volume 42
Issue Part 4
Page 259-266
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Apr 2008
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2008<670>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008095274
Authors Lakhan S.E. Vieira K.F.
Institution
(Lakhan, Vieira) Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Nutritional therapies for mental disorders.
Source
Nutrition Journal. 7(1), 2008. Article Number: 2. Date of Publication: 2008.
Abstract
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4 out of the 10 leading causes of disability in the US and other developed countries are mental disorders. Major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are among the most common mental disorders that currently plague numerous countries and have varying incidence rates from 26 percent in America to 4 percent in China. Though some of this difference may be attributable to the manner in which individual healthcare providers diagnose mental disorders, this noticeable distribution can be also explained by studies which show that a lack of certain dietary nutrients contribute to the development of mental disorders. Notably, essential vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids are often deficient in the general population in America and other developed countries; and are exceptionally deficient in patients suffering from mental disorders. Studies have shown that daily supplements of vital nutrients often effectively reduce patients' symptoms. Supplements that contain amino acids also reduce symptoms, because they are converted to neurotransmitters that alleviate depression and other mental disorders. Based on emerging scientific evidence, this form of nutritional supplement treatment may be appropriate for controlling major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders, eating disorders, attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD), addiction, and autism. The aim of this manuscript is to emphasize which dietary supplements can aid the treatment of the four most common mental disorders currently affecting America and other developed countries: major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Most antidepressants and other prescription drugs cause severe side effects, which usually discourage patients from taking their medications. Such noncompliant patients who have mental disorders are at a higher risk for committing suicide or being institutionalized. One way for psychiatrists to overcome this noncompliance is to educate themselves about alternative or complementary nutritional treatments. Although in the cases of certain nutrients, further research needs to be done to determine the best recommended doses of most nutritional supplements, psychiatrists can recommend doses of dietary supplements based on previous and current efficacious studies and then adjust the doses based on the results obtained. copyright 2008 Lakhan and Vieira; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Nutrition Journal
Volume 7
Issue Part 1
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication 2008
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2008<675>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008077285
Authors Grov C. Bamonte A. Fuentes A. Parsons J.T. Bimbi D.S. Morgenstern J.
Institution
(Grov, Bamonte, Fuentes, Parsons, Bimbi) Center for HIV/AIDS Educational Studies and Training (CHEST), New York, NY, United States.
(Parsons, Bimbi) Department of Social and Personality Psychology, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.
(Parsons) Department of Psychology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States.
(Morgenstern) Department of Psychiatry, ColumbiaUniversityMedicalCenter, Columbia, NY, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Exploring the internet's role in sexual compulsivity and out of control sexual thoughts/behaviour: A qualitative study of gay and bisexual men in New York City.
Source
Culture, Health and Sexuality. 10(2)(pp 107-125), 2008. Date of Publication: Feb 2008.
Abstract
Sexual compulsivity and the internet have been investigated separately among gay and bisexual men for their connection to sexual risk behaviour, yet little research has addressed the intersection. This analysis explored qualitative interview data from 111 gay and bisexual men experiencing out of control sexual thoughts and/or behaviours, about the role of the internet in their lives. For some it facilitated their problematic sexual thoughts and behaviours and, to some extent, was a distraction from important facets of their lives. Equally, men identified strategies to limit their internet use and reduce these negative consequences. For some, the internet was attributed to being less discriminating about partners. In contrast, other men compared the internet to other venues for meeting sex partners (e.g. bars) and described the internet as a medium for reducing physical (cruising online versus cruising a dark alley) and sexual (multiple partners at bathhouses versus cyber-sex only) risk. Clinically, service providers should conduct more thorough assessments regarding the role of the internet in the lives of patients who experience sexual compulsivity, as many individual differences exist, and there may be positive benefits that stem from internet use.
ISSN 1369-1058
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Culture, Health and Sexuality
Volume 10
Issue Part 2
Page 107-125
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Feb 2008
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2008<738>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008022961
Authors Fattore L. Altea S. Fratta W.
Institution
(Fattore) National Research Council, Centre of Excellence Neurobiology of Dependence, Cagliari, Italy.
(Altea) University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
(Fratta) University of Cagliari, Department of Neuroscience, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato-Cagliari09042, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Sex differences in drug addiction: A review of animal and human studies.
Source
Women's Health. 4(1)(pp 51-65), 2008. Date of Publication: Jan 2008.
Abstract
Addiction research has historically neglected research on women, and most studies have been conducted on men only, with the concluding results generalized to the female population. The role of sex differences in vulnerability to drug abuse, their repercussions on prevention and treatment strategies all require detailed studies, as does the progression from recreational drug use to dependence. This review synthesizes evidence of gender differences in drug addiction, with particular emphasis on women's health and implications. We first reviewed behavioral studies showing sex differences in the preference for and self-administration of licit (i.e., alcohol and nicotinel and illicit (i.e., cocaine, amphetamine, heroin and cannabis) substances as revealed by animal models of addiction. Clinical studies demonstrating differences between men and women in craving, drug use, abstinence and relapse will then be examined. For both animal and human studies, the effects of hormones and estrous/menstrual cycle will he reviewed. Finally, neurobiological factors underlying gender differences in vulnerability to drug addiction (i.e., brain morphology and neurotransmission) and need for gender-specific detoxification treatments will be discussed. copyright 2008 Future Medicine Ltd.
ISSN 1745-5057
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Women's Health
Volume 4
Issue Part 1
Page 51-65
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Jan 2008
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2008<741>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008038475
Authors Vaidya V. Malik A.
Institution
(Vaidya) Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
(Malik) Psych Associates of Maryland, Towson, MD, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Eating disorders related to obesity.
Source
Therapy. 5(1)(pp 109-117), 2008. Date of Publication: Jan 2008.
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease with multifactorial cause, associated with significant mortality and morbidity. It impacts every aspect of the patient's life. This review discusses the eating disorders that are related to obesity. Binge eating disorder is more frequently seen in obese patients, but bulimia nervosa/disordeed-eating behaviors have been included in the review as they can sometimes be associated with obesity However, it is important to note that most patients with bulimia tend to be of normal weight or overweight. The two disorders are reviewed with diagnostic criteria, risk factors, medical complications, evaluation and treatment recommendations. There is also a comparison between the two disorders. The essential key point is that eating disorders are impulse-control disorders and are similar to addictive behaviors in some aspects. It is essential to treat a patient with obesity and eating disorders multimodally to ensure success. copyright 2008 Future Medicine Ltd.
ISSN 1475-0708
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Therapy
Volume 5
Issue Part 1
Page 109-117
Year of Publication 2008
Date of Publication Jan 2008
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2008<751>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2008006384
Authors La Pera G. Carderi A. Marianantoni Z. Peris F. Lentini M. Taggi F.
Institution
(La Pera, Carderi, Marianantoni, Peris, Lentini) San Camillo Forlanini Hospital - Urology, Carlo Forlanini 1, Rome00151, Italy.
(Taggi) Italian Health Institute - Environment and Prevention, Rome, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Sexual dysfunction prior to first drug use among former drug addicts and its possible causal meaning on drug addiction: Preliminary results.
Source
Journal of Sexual Medicine. 5(1)(pp 164-172), 2008. Date of Publication: Jan 2008.
Abstract
Introduction. Adolescence is one of the periods in which the risk of initial use of drugs is high. Among the reasons leading to first drug use (FDU), sexual disorders have so far been poorly investigated. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, and low sexual desire in former drug addicts in the period prior to FDU; whether or not the former drug addicts claimed that sexual dysfunctions influenced their decision to start illicit drug taking, and whether or not the subjects had sought and used drugs aiming to improve sexual drive. Methods. Eighty-six male former drug addicts (18-35 years old) were investigated using a questionnaire. Main Outcome Measures. Fisher and Armitage tests. Results. Before FDU, 61 (71%) subjects reported having one or more sexual dysfunctions. Only 25 (29%) had no sexual dysfunction prior to FDU. Among those with normal sexual function, only three (3.49%) stated that sexual dysfunctions had influenced their decision, whereas in the sexual dysfunction group, 27 (31.4%) confirmed this experience. This difference is statistically significant, Fisher test, P = 0.0033. The more severe the sexual dysfunction, the higher the percentage of those who stated that sexual dysfunction influenced their decision to start taking drugs. This trend is statistically significant, P < 0.0025. About 50% of the entire sample admitted they had used drugs to improve sexual performance. Conclusions. Users of illicit drugs report a high prevalence of sexual disorders prior to FDU. A large percentage claimed that sexual dysfunction influenced their decision to start taking drugs. The higher the severity of the sexual disorders, the higher the percentage of those claiming that sexual dysfunction had influenced their decision. In our opinion, these data highlight a possible new strategy in the primary prevention of substance abuse in which sexual education and early treatment of sexual disorders, among adolescents, may prevent them from FDU. copyright 2007 International Society for Sexual Medicine.