Name: ______Period: ______

Unit 11 – Forensic Serology (Chapter 8 Textbook) Pages 282-315

Review Questions:

  1. Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood can be classified by its ______TYPE____.
  2. No two individuals, except for identical twins, can be expected to have the same combination of blood types or antigens. TRUE or FALSE
  3. _____PLASMA__ is the fluid portion of unclotted blood.
  4. The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed is called the ___SERUM______.
  5. ___RED BLOOD CELLS____ transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
  6. On the surface of red blood cells are chemical substances called ___ANTIGENS___, which impart blood type characteristics to the cells.
  7. Type A individuals have ___A_____ antigens on the surface of their red blood cells.
  8. Type O individuals have ( BOTH or NEITHER ) A and B antigens on their red blood cells.
  9. The presence or absence of the __A_____ and ___B_____ antigens on the red blood cells determines a person’s blood type in the A-B-O system.
  10. The D antigen is also known as the ___Rh_____ antigen.
  11. Serum contains proteins known as ____ANTIBODIES______, which destroy or inactivate antigens.
  12. An antibody reacts with ( ANY or ONLY A SPECIFIC ) antigen.
  13. Agglutination describes the clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody. TRUE or FALSE
  14. Type B blood contains ___B___ antigens and anti- ___A___ antibodies.
  15. Type AB blood has ( BOTH or NEITHER ) anti-A ( AND or NOR ) anti-B.
  16. A drug-protein complex can be injected into an animal to form specific ___ANTIBODIES_____ for that drug.
  17. The term ___SEROLOGY______describes the study of antigen-antibody reactions.
  18. Type AB blood ( IS or IS NOT ) agglutinated by both anti-A and anti-B serum.
  19. Type B red blood cells agglutinate when added to type ( A or B ) blood.
  20. Type A red blood cells agglutinate when added to type ( AB or O ) blood.
  21. An immunological assay technique used to detect the presence of minute quantities of drugs in blood and urine is __RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA)_____.
  22. The distribution of type A blood in the United States is approximately ( 42 or 15 ) percent of the population.
  23. The distribution of type AB blood in the United States is approximately ( 12 or 3 ) percent of the population.
  24. ( ALL or MOST ) blood hemoglobin has peroxidase-like activity.
  25. For many years, the most commonly used color test for identifying blood was the __BENZIDINE_____ color test.
  26. __LUMINOL______reagent reacts with blood, causing it to luminesce.
  27. Blood can be characterized as being of human origin by the _____PRECIPITIN____ test.
  28. Antigens and antibodies ( CAN or CANNOT ) be induced to move toward each other under the influence of an electrical field.
  29. Antibodies designed to interact with a specific antigen site are ( MONOCLONAL or POLYCLONAL ).
  30. Hybridoma cells are used to produce antigens designed to attack one and only one site on an antibody. TRUE or FALSE
  31. The shape of bloodstains may provide useful information regarding the direction, dropping distance, and angle of impact of spattered blood. TRUE or FALSE
  32. The basic unit of heredity is the ____GENE______.
  33. Genes are positioned on threadlike bodies called ___CHROMOSOMES____.
  34. All cells in the human body, except the reproductive cells, have ___23_____ pairs of chromosomes.
  35. The sex of an offspring is always determined by the ( MOTHER or FATHER ).
  36. Genes that influence a given characteristic and are aligned with one another on a chromosome pair are known as ___ALLELES______.
  37. When a pair of allelic genes is identical, the genes are said to be ( HOMOZYGOUS or HETEROZYGOUS).
  38. A ( PHENOTYPE or GENOTYPE ) is an observable characteristic of an individual.
  39. The combination of genes present in the cells of an individual is called the __GENOTYPE______.
  40. A gene ( WILL or WILL NOT ) appear in a child when it is present in one of the parents.
  41. A type B individual may have the genotype ___BB____ or the genotype __BO____.
  42. A type AB mother and a type AB father will have offspring of what possible genotypes? Using punnett square: AA, BB, AB, or ENZYME-MULTIPLIED
  43. A type AB mother and a type AB father will have offspring of what possible phenotypes? A, B, AB
  44. The __ACID PHOSPHATASE_IMMUNOASSAY TECHNIQUE__ color test is used to locate and characterize seminal stains.
  45. Semen is unequivocally identified by the microscopic appearance of __SPERM______.
  46. Males with a low sperm count have a condition known as ( OLIGOSPERMIA or ASPERMIA).
  47. The protein __p30______is unique to seminal plasma.
  48. DNA may be transferred to an object through the medium of perspiration. TRUE or FALSE
  49. Seminal constituents may remain in the vagina for up to six days after intercourse. TRUE or FALSE

1