European Colonization in AfricaStandard 7-1.4

Name: ______September 3, 2008 Class Period: ___

At the end of the Middle Ages,

  1. New kingdoms grew in the area south of the ______Desert in Africa.
  1. This was due to the increase in ______.
  2. Africans believed that new trade with the Europeans would lead to ______and ______and they were correct.
  3. However, it also had many negative effects.

Portugal was the first European nation to establish settlements in Western Africa.

  1. The Africans welcomed trade and allowed the ______to set up trading ______empires (stations) along the coast.
  2. Local African rulers rented the stations in return for ______and protection.
  3. The stations were similar to forts and were used to keep unfriendly natives or other nations from invading.
  4. At first, the Portuguese traded ______, ______, and ______, but they eventually began to trade ______.
  1. This became a major source of profits because slaves were needed to work on ______in the Americas. Many of other European nations soon joined the slave trade.
  2. Catholic priests were included to spread ______.

Slave Trade

  1. European slavery was different than slavery from earlier centuries.
  2. European slaves were considered ______and they were sold and bought as the owners saw fit.
  3. The demand for African ______grew quickly for many reasons.

Slaves were needed to work on ______in the Americas.

  1. ______was the first European country to trade slaves across the ______Ocean.
  2. It is believed that the first slaves worked on ______plantations in South America.

Why Africans?

  1. Europeans realized that ______slaves were more resistant to disease than Native Americans and could withstand the hot temperature of ______.
  2. Many European countries ______the slave trade by the end of the 1700s.
  3. The United States, ended the practice by 1808.
  4. However, slavery was not illegal in most European colonies until the mid 1800s.
  5. Slavery in the United States ended as a result of the ______War in 1865.

Turn over to back of page!

Triangular Trade

  1. The term ______trade describes the route taken by Europeans that traded slaves across the Atlantic Ocean.
  2. Ships left Europe and stopped in Africa where they traded ______, alcohol, and cloth for captured ______.
  3. The ships then traveled to America, where the slaves were exchanged for sugar, rum, salt, and other products.
  4. The ______then returned home to Europe with products that people of Europe wanted to buy.

The Middle Passage

  1. The trip between ______and the Americas.
  2. Conditions on the ______were horrible.
  3. Slaves were ______in ships, often ______to one another.
  4. If they became sick, they would be ______overboard.
  5. The abuses did not end once slaves arrived in the Americas.
  6. They faced equally difficult conditions on ______.
  7. ______were separated and they were forced to work long hours without pay.

The Aftermath of the Slave Trade

  1. Historians believe that over _____ million Africans were enslaved and taken to the Americas during the slave trade years.
  2. This had a tremendous effect on the ______society.
  3. It left few African ______to work the land in Africa.
  4. During this same period of time, the African nations also fought against each other and sold their rivals to Europeans who were looking for slaves.

Slavery affected both the Americas and Europe…

  1. In the Americas, the ______of Africans grew substantially.
  2. In some European countries, African slaves came to outnumber the Europeans.
  3. Because of the treatment of slaves and the need to keep them working, ______against Africans also increased.
  4. Most European countries ended slave trade in the 1700s.
  5. Many of these nations began to believe that the slave trade was a violation of ______beliefs.
  6. Although these nations outlawed the slave trade, many people still illegally traded slaves through the early 1800s.