General Chemistry Organic

Key Ideas

  • Organic compounds contain carbon atoms which bond to one another in chains, rings, and networks to

form a variety of structures. Organic compounds can be named using the IUPAC system. (3.1ff)

  • Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. Saturated hydrocarbons contain

only single carbon-carbon bonds. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain at least one multiple carbon-carbonbond. (3.1gg)

  • Organic acids, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, halides, amines, amides, and amino acids are types of organic compounds that differ in their structures. Functional groups impart distinctive physical and chemical properties to organic compounds. (3.1hh)
  • In a multiple covalent bond, more than one pair of electrons are shared between two atoms. Unsaturated organic compounds contain at least one double or triple bond. (5.2e)
  • Types of organic reactions include: addition, substitution, polymerization, esterification, fermentation,

saponification, and combustion. (3.2c)

Define:

Organic Compounds: ______

Hydrocarbons: ______

Saturated: ______

Unsaturated: ______

Hydrocarbons

  1. How many carbon atoms are in each compound?

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General Chemistry Organic

  1. Methane ____
  2. Ethane ____
  3. Ethene ____
  4. Pentane ____
  5. Propene ____
  6. Hexane ____
  7. Ethyne ____
  8. Propane ____
  9. Heptane ____
  10. Octane ____
  11. Decane ____
  12. Butyne ____
  13. Butane ____
  14. Propyne ____
  15. Butene ____

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General Chemistry Organic

  1. For each compound fill in each blank:

Number of Carbon atoms Series Formula

  1. Methane______
  2. Butane______
  3. Propyne______
  4. Pentane______
  5. Octane______
  6. Heptene______
  7. Propene______
  8. Butyne______
  9. Decane______
  10. Nonane______
  11. Heptane______
  12. Ethyne______
  13. Hexyne______
  14. Ethane______
  15. Propane______
  16. Decene______
  17. Octyne______

Introduction to Organic Chemistry Review

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General Chemistry Organic

1.Whichformularepresentsanunsaturatedhydrocarbon?

A)C)

B)D)

2.Whichorganiccompoundisasaturatedhydrocarbon?

A)ethyneC)ethene

B)ethanolD)ethane

3.Whichformularepresentsahydrocarbon?

A)CH3CH2CH2CHO

B)CH3CH2CH2CH3

C)CH3CH2CH2COOH

D)CH3CH2COOCH3

4.Whichstructuralformulacorrectlyrepresentsahydrocarbonmolecule?

A) B)

C) D)

5.Insaturatedhydrocarbons,carbonatomsarebondedtoeachotherby

A)singlecovalentbonds,only

B)doublecovalentbonds,only

C)alternatingsingleanddoublecovalentbonds

D)alternatingdoubleandtriplecovalentbonds

6.Whatisthegeneralformulaforthemembersofthealkaneseries?

A)CnH2nC)CnH2n+2

B)CnH2n–2D)CnH2n–6

7.Inwhichgroupcouldthehydrocarbonsallbelongtothesamealkeneseries?

A)C2H2,C2H4,C2H6

B)C2H2,C2H4,C4H8

C)C2H4,C2H6,C3H6

D)C2H4,C3H6,C4H8

8.Amoleculeofbutaneandamoleculeof2-butenebothhavethesametotalnumberof

A)carbonatomsC)hydrogenatoms

B)singlebondsD)doublebonds

9.Adoublecarbon-carbonbondisfoundinamoleculeof

A)pentaneC)pentene

B)pentyneD)pentanol

10.Whatisthecorrectformulaforbutene?

A)C4H4C)C4H6

B)C4H8D)C4H10

11.Whichgeneralformularepresentsthehomologousseriesofhydrocarbonsthatincludesthecompoundl-heptyne?

A)CnH2n-6C)CnH2n-2

B)CnH2nD)CnH2n+2

12.Whichcompoundisanunsaturatedhydrocarbon?

A)hexanalC)hexane

B)hexanoicacidD)hexyne

13.Whichformularepresentspropyne?

A)C3H4C)C3H6

B)C5H8D)C5H10

14.WhatisthenameofacompoundthathasthemolecularformulaC6H6?

A)butaneB)butene

B)benzeneD)butyne

15.Atomsofwhichelementcanbondwitheachothertoformringandchainstructuresincompounds?

A)C B)CaC)H D)Na

16.Whichelementhasatomsthatcanbondwitheachothertoformlongchainsorrings?

A)carbonC)nitrogen

B)oxygenD)fluorine

17.Whichelementmustbepresentinanorganiccompound?

A)hydrogenC)oxygen

B)carbonD)nitrogen

18.Organiccompoundsthatareessentiallynon-polarandexhibitweakintermolecularforceshave

A)lowvaporpressure

B)lowmeltingpoints

C)highboilingpoints

D)highelectricalconductivityinsolution

19.Acharacteristicofmostorganiccompoundsisthatthey

A)havelowmeltingpoints

B)havehighmeltingpoints

C)aresolubleinwater

D)conductelectricitywhendissolvedinwater

20.Ingeneral,whichpropertydoorganiccompoundsshare?

A)highmeltingpoint

B)highelectricalconductivity

C)readilysolubleinwater

D)slowreaction

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General Chemistry Organic


Functional Groups

For each of the following identify the functional group and then name the compound using table R.


Functional Group: ______/
Functional Group: ______/
Functional Group: ______

Functional Group: ______/
Functional Group: ______/
Functional Group: ______

Functional Group: ______/
Functional Group: ______/
Functional Group: ______

Functional Group: ______/
Functional Group: ______/
Functional Group: ______

Organic Reactions

Match the reaction to its name:

___ 1. Saponificationa. C13H28C8H18 + C2H4 + C3H6

___ 2. Esterificationb. C3H8 + 5O23CO2 + 4H20

___ 3. Combustionc. (C17H35COO)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH  C3H5(OH)3 + 3C17H35COONa

___ 4. Crackingd. C6H12O6 C2H5OH +CO2

___ 5. Polymerizatione. n(CH2CH2)  (CH2CH2)n

___ 6. Fermentationf. C3H6COOH + C2H5OH  C3H6COOC2H5 + H2O

Name the reaction:

  1. Small alkene chains connect to form larger alkane chains______
  2. Sugar is decomposed to form an alcohol______
  3. Large hydrocarbons are heated and break into smaller fragments______
  4. An alcohol and an organic acid are reacted______
  5. A base is added to a fat molecule to form a soap______
  6. Hydrocarbons are burned in the presence of oxygen______

Organic Review

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General Chemistry Organic

1.Organiccompoundsthatareessentiallynon-polarandexhibitweakintermolecularforceshave

A)lowvaporpressure

B)highelectricalconductivityinsolution

C)lowmeltingpoints

D)highboilingpoints

2.Whatisthetotalnumberofcarbonatomsinamoleculeofethanoicacid?

A)1 B)2C)3 D)4

3.Giventhethreeorganicstructuralformulasshownbelow:

Whichorganiccompoundclassesarerepresentedbythesestructuralformulas,asshownfromlefttoright?

A)ketone,aldehyde,alcohol

B)ester,organicacid,ketone

C)ketone,organicacid,alcohol

D)ester,aldehyde,organicacid

4.Whichofthesecompoundshaschemicalpropertiesmostsimilartothechemicalpropertiesofethanoicacid?

A)C3H7COOHC)C2H5COOC2H5

B)C2H5OHD)C2H5OC2H5

5.Whichcompoundisanalcohol?

A)methanolC)butane

B)ethyneD)propanal

6.Giventheformulasoffourorganiccompounds:

Whichpairbelowcontainsanalcoholandanacid?

A)aandbC)candd

B)aandcD)bandd

7.Giventhestructuralformula:

Thiscompoundisclassifiedasan

A)aldehydeC)alcohol

B)amideD)amine

8.Giventhestructuralformula:

Thisstructuralformularepresentsamoleculeof

A)aketoneC)analdehyde

B)anesterD)anaminoacid

9.Whichformularepresentsanether?

A) C)

B) D)

10.Whichorganicreactionproducesrubberandplastics?

A)polymerizationC)fermentation

B)esterificationD)saponification

11.Whichtypeofreactionisrepresentedbytheequationbelow?

A)saponificationC)esterification

B)fermentationD)polymerization

12.Giventhereaction:

Thisreactionisanexampleof

A)hydrogenationC)fermentation

B)saponificationD)esterification

13.Whenbutaneburnsinanexcessofoxygen,theprincipalproductsare

A)COandH2OC) CO2and H2O

B)CO2andH2D)COand H2

14.Inwhichreactionissoapaproduct?

A)saponificationC)polymerization

B)additionD)substitution

15.Whatarethetwomainproductsofafermentationreaction?

A)ethanolandwater

B)ethanolandcarbondioxide

C)sugarandwater

D)sugarandcarbondioxide

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General Chemistry Organic

Crudeoilisamixtureofmanyhydrocarbonsthathavedifferentnumbersofcarbonatoms.Theuseofafractionatingtowerallowstheseparationofthismixturebasedontheboilingpointsofthehydrocarbons.Tobegintheseparationprocess,thecrudeoilisheatedtoabout400°Cinafurnace,causingmanyofthehydrocarbonsofthecrudeoiltovaporize.Thevaporizedmixtureispumpedintoafractionatingtowerthatisusuallymorethan30meterstall.Thetemperatureofthetowerishighestatthebottom.Asvaporizedsamplesofhydrocarbonstravelupthetower,theycoolandcondense.Theliquidhydrocarbonsarecollectedontraysandremovedfromthetower.Thediagrambelowillustratesthefractionaldistillationof thecrudeoilandthetemperaturerangesinwhichthedifferenthydrocarbonscondense.

16.Howmanyhydrogenatomsarepresentinonemoleculeofoctane?

17.WriteanIUPACnameofonesaturatedhydrocarbonthatleavesthefractionatingtoweratlessthan40°C.

18.Statethetrendbetweentheboilingpointofthehydrocarbonscontainedinthecrudeoilandthenumberof carbonatomsinthesemolecules.

19.Howisthebondingbetweencarbonatomsdifferentinunsaturatedhydrocarbonsandsaturatedhydrocarbons?

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