Each Day Your Group Will Be Working at One of 5 Stations. Your Goal Is to Work Efficiently

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Name______Due Date______

Each day your group will be working at one of 5 stations. Your goal is to work efficiently and together to complete the whole section. Follow the directions at the end and create a graphic organizer in your notebook that summarizes each section. If this cannot be done during class it will have to be done for homework. Take note at the end of the fifth packet is the grading rubric and an individual assignment.

STATION 1 AMERICAN SYSTEM

DOCUMENT A1 & A2

1. What are some of the ways workers are treated in the mills in England and Lowell Mass?

Workers have long hours and poor condition in England, no child labor in Mass.

1. Explain a tariff and how it is used?

A tariff is a tax on imported goods. Congress passes Tariff Act of 1816, applies duties of 20-25% on manufactured goods and 15-20% on raw materials

1. How did tariffs contribute to sectionalism (the division between North, South & West)?

North – liked the tariff they sold more and it protected their industries

South - hated tariff because it drove up the cost of goods they needed and England put a tax on American goods in return

1. How did S. Carolina respond to the tariffs of 1828 and 1832?

Called the 1828 tariff the Tariff of Abominations! Declared the tariff null and void within S. Carolina

DOCUMENT B

1. What was Fulton’s improvement to an invention and how did it improve the U.S. in the 1800’s.

Fulton took a steam powered engine and made the Clermont, 1807 a steamboat that ferried passengers up and down the Hudson between NYC and Albany. Transported people and goods!

1. How else would the steam engine be adapted, and what effect would it have on industrialization?

Trains, cranes, shipping, subs – led to the RR boom, transcontinental RR and fueled all machines of the Industrial Revolution

DOCUMENT C & D

1. Using the map, which section North, South or West of the U.S. was more affected by the roads and canal, why?The North was more affected due tomore industry and urbanization

1. Explain how the Erie Canal unified the United States.

The Canal connects the East with the West (Midwest now) via the Atlantic Ocean > Hudson, > Erie Canal, > Lake Erie, > Lake Huron, > Lake Michigan, > Lake Superior

DOCUMENT E

1. How did the Cotton Gin contribute to Westward expansion?

Plantation owners could grow more, so they needed more land so they expanded west – Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana

1. How did Eli Whitney’s cotton gin affect the economic growth of the South? Slavery?

The Gin expanded the need for more land and plantations, increased slavery tougher lives for slaves

DOCUMENT F AND G

1. How did Clay’s economic and political plan both express his idea of nationalism?

He said we are politically free from England but slaves to them economically through trade. He supported tariffs, canals roads to transport goods across the United States

12. How does the canal boom relate to Henry Clay’s American System (nationalism)?

Canals opens up the country to more transporting of goods and people connecting the nation.

16. Explain why Clay used protective tariffs.

Protective tariffs are used to protect American Industry and have the whole country BUY AMERICAN.

Draw this into your notebook, in each circle give an explanation for each term. Add more pieces of the web if you need to.

Change the web if you have a better way to organize.

Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 2 GOVERNMENT POWERS

Document AMcCulloch Vs. Maryland (1819)

1. Who is McCulloch and what leads to this lawsuit?

McCulloch is the Nat’l Bank Cashier who is being hit with a tax on all documents.

1. State the issue before the Supreme Court in this case?

Can a state tax the Federal government – besides real property?

Was the National Bank constitutional?

1. What was the decision of the Court? What was the rationale behind it?

Ruled in favor of McCulloch. State does not have the power to tax the Federal Government that violates Article VI of Constitution & National Bank is Constitutional – Elastic clause

1. Describe how the decision of McCullough v. Maryland increased the power of the federal Government over the States?

Court case further legitimized the power of Congress to use Elastic Clause and it validates the supremacy of the people collectively over individual states to tax.

1. Was the decision in McCullough an example of “Strict” interpretation of “Loose” interpretation of the Constitution?

Court case uses a strict interpretation because it uses the elastic clause allowing the bank.

Document BGibbons Vs. Ogden (1824)

1. Who is Gibbons & Ogden? What led to the Supreme Court hearing this case?

Gibbons and Ogden are steamboat operators in NY and NJ who are transporting people in the water between the two states. The court is hearing it to determine who has the rights.

1. State the issue before the Supreme Court in this case?

Interstate commerce – NY gave exclusive rights to Ogden for NY waterways. Gibbons right to trade interfered with.

•Do the laws passed by the New York State Legislature violate the Constitution of the US by their attempt to regulate interstate commerce or are they permissible?

•How should commerce be defined?

•Underlying question for the southern states: slavery

1. What was the decision of the Court? What was the rationale behind it?

The Supreme court decided that the national government gave Gibbons permission to operate on the waters. This was stronger than the state laws

Constitution is the “Supreme law of the land”

1. Describe how the decision of Gibbons Vs. Ogden increased the power of the federal Government over the States?

Commerce is defined as transportation, so Congress can regulate the transport of goods.

Strengthens the National governments control

Document CDred Scott Vs. Sanford (1857)

1. Who is Dred Scott and Sanford Sanford? What is their issue?

Dred Scott is a slave who is move to a free territory and believes he is free. His owner disagrees.

1. What was the decision of the Court? What was the rationale behind it?

As a person of African descent, Scott was not, and could not be a citizen and so was not entitled to sue in federal court. Slaves = property

Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional! Congress could not determine where people could bring their property!

1. What effect did the decision have on the slavery issue of westward expansion, or the issues involved in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850?

The court decision intensifies the issue of slavery and added fuel into the fire of sectionalism

1. Do you feel that the justices made the right decision in this case? Explain?

Your opinion with support

Document DAre Black People Citizens

1. If the Missouri Supreme Court has already made a decision about Dred Scott’s case, why are we listening to it again?

Scott’s owner, Emerson died and his wife’s brother has rights to her property – he lives in NY and she lives in Missouri so is Scott free?

1. What decision do we have to make? Are African Americans citizens – can they sue and do they become free when they enter a free state?

1. According to the Constitution Slaves are counted as population for representation, does this mean they are citizens? Why or why not?

No not a citizen– a loophole in constitution only slaves are mentioned.

Draw this into your notebooks add all the vocabulary listed on the folder where is applies, add more pieces of the web if you need to. Change the web if you have a better way to organize.

Stop-check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 3 EXPANSION

Document A Trails to the West

1. Which trail is the longest and which is the shortest across the west?

The longest is Butterfield Overland and the shortest is Santa Fe trail.

Document BTexas Settlers

3. What changes have taken place in Texas since American Settlers moved there?

Mexican govt tried to outlaw slavery & import taxes

4. Who wants Texas to become a Mexican state and why?

Steve Austin – one of the first families of Texas

5. Give two arguments, stated in the document, why Texas should join the United States.23,000 people in Texas are US citizens, US main trade partner, US trying to buy it but Mexico was refusing to sell

Document CWestward Ho?

6. List three barriers, shown on the map that settlers faced on the trails going west.Rocky Mts, Arkansas River, Sierra Nevada, Colorado River and desert

7. Give the name of the famous stagecoach route that connected L.A. to St. Louis.

Butterfield / Southern Overland

Document DViews of Manifest Destiny

8. What is Manifest Destiny? The belief that it is our destiny (God’s will)that the US expands from the Atlantic to Pacific

9. What did President Polk believe the federal government should do if Americans settled in the wild territories beyond the boundaries of the U.S.? “We have the duty of protecting them wherever they may be upon our soil!”

Document EThe Mexican War

10. Explain the events that lead to the war with Mexico.

Polk sent Zachary Taylor to the Rio Grande to provoke a fight, Mexicans sent a patrol across the river and fired on troops spilling US blood on US soil. Mexico still considered Texas a Mexican Territory

Document FU.S. Government 1846

1. Give two reasons why the U.S. needs the land from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.

U.S. wanted ports at San Francisco and San Diego, Manifest Destiny and we already had the Oregon territory

1. In the last paragraph it states that “God put it there for us to use”, what concept is this referring to?The concept is Manifest Destiny or imperialism

Document G and G2National Shapes Foreign Policy

/Monroe Doctrine

1. What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

Message to Europeans to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

Document H in Text book: read these sections to find out how we acquired these territories.

1. How, when and from whom did the U. S. acquire the following territories?

Florida (p 205 and document G)

1819 – Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain hand it over or we will take it!

Texas Territory (p. 272 and document B) 1845 Texas became an Independent Republic with Sam Houston as President. He offered Texas to US but US said no because of slave issue. 1845 US President Polk annexed Texas.

Oregon Country (p. 265)1846- Treaty with Britain for Washington, Oregan and Idaho

Mexican Cession (p. 276 and document E) - 1848 won the Mexico Warfrom Mexico and get CA, AZ, UT, and NV

Gadsen Purchase(p. 276)1853-Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgowith Mexico for southern part of Arizona.

Draw this into your notebook, add all territories acquired and the dates. Write the definitions for each term, Manifest Destiny/Monroe Doctrine. Change the organizer if you have a better way to organize.

Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 4SECTIONALISM

Document AAdvertisement for a slave sale

1.What is being sold and in what state? Slavesare being sold in South Carolina.

Document B1820 U.S. Congress

2.In 1820, how many slave state and free state are there in the U.S?

Eleven Slave states and eleven free states existed in 1820.

3.Why does the North want less slave states and the South want more?

Whoever has more states has control of Congress.

Document CPopular Sovereignty

4.What is meant by the term Popular Sovereignty?

People of the state should decide for themselves to be free or slave states.

5.How do you feel about Douglas’s speech, do you agree or disagree with his position and why?

Your opinion with support.

Document DSouth Carolina’s Secession Convention

6.During the South Carolina Secession (to break away) Convention of 1860 what matters were addressed? South Carolina needs to set up a new constitution, postal service and customs duties.

Document E1850 U.S. Senator

7.Explain the fugitive slave law and why the south would want it. The law would force Northerners to return runaway slaves. Now slaves would have to go to Canada, slaves are expensive and property to the Southerners.

8.What is an abolitionist and what do they want for the new western states?Abolitionists want slavery ended and the west to be free from slavery

Document FMap on the Compromise of 1850

9.According to the map, how many free and slave states existed in 1850?

According to the map 15 of each exist in 1850.

Document GA New Proposal Opens Old Wounds

10.Describe the tension that resulted from the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Since Kansas and Nebraska can decide for themselves each territory flooded with people wanting to vote for slave or free -killing each other over the issue

Document HA Nation Begins to Divide

11.From the reading and the maps, what effect did the Kansas- Nebraska Act have on the Missouri Compromise?

Kansas- Nebraska Act negated the Missouri Compromise because Popular Sovereignty can be used above the 36’ 30 line.

Document I, J, K Missouri Compromise (1820), Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act

12.Using documents H and B explain the results of the Missouri Compromise? Who gained, who lost? Missouri admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state. 36 30’ north of the line is free, south of it is slave

13.Using Documents H, in the Compromise of 1850 which side seems to have made the greater concessions, why? The North gave up more because now Popular Sovereignty will be used and stricter Fugitive slave law will be imposed.

14.Using Documents H and G, explain the results of the Kansas- Nebraska Act and what it meant for the North and South. The Act divided the territory into 2 states and allowed popular sovereignty. The North loses battle of slave vs. free

15.What is sectionalism and what do you believe to be the biggest sectional difference? Sectionalism is the support of your section of the country over the benefit of the nation. Slavery is causing the greatest sectional division.

Draw this chart into your notes. Give a brief explanation of each term and write the date above the blue line for each term.

Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 5Domestic Affairs

Document AThe People’s President Andrew Jackson

1. How did Jackson get the wound on his face?

British officer struck him with a sword during American Revolution because he would not shine his boot

1. Why was it so important that Jackson collected the tariff from South Carolina? To establish Federal power of state power

3. What is Jackson’s reasoning for taking strong action against the Bank of the United States? He believed it hurt the common man in favor of business

4. What was the problem with the election votes?

Document BJackson Finally Becomes President

1. Which three states split electoral votes between the two candidates?

The three states that are split are NY 20, 16, ME 8, 1,MD 6,5

1. How would you describe the regions in which Jackson’s strengths were the greatest? Why do you think this was the case? Jackson received his votes the South and West because he hated Indians and was a Slave owner from Tennessee.

1. What changed in the voting qualifications from 1824- 1828, who do you think this benefitted and why? White men without property could now vote. Since Jackson was a frontiersman the landless men from the west would support Jackson.

Document C1 and C2Andrew Jackson: An Enigma

1. What does the description tell about Andrew Jackson, the man?

Jackson was smart, ambitious, driven and a man of the people.

1. According to the cartoon, Document C2, what established institutions are being trampled by Jackson?Jackson is trampling the Constitution and the National Bank.

Document DExpanding Democracy Changes Politics

1. What factors helped Jackson win the 1828 presidential election?

The elimination of property for voting, all white men 1824 365,000 can now vote. In 1828 1.1 million voted!

Document EJackson’s New Presidential Style

1. How did Jackson show his commitment to the common people once in office?

Invited common people to inauguration and created a spoils system, giving his friend and supporters jobs.

1. What comes to mind when you hear the word spoil system?

The friends and family plan or spoiling my friends and family.

Document FAndrew Jackson / The Indian Question

1. Name the two Supreme Court cases and explain if the people of Georgia followed these decisions. The two court cases are Cherokee v. Georgia 1831

Worcester v. Georgia both ruled Georgia had no right to take the Cherokees land

1. What was the “Trail of Tears”? 800 mile trek to the west where ¼ of Native Americans traveling died.

Document G The Removal of Native Americans

1. Explain the Indian Removal Act ordered by Jackson.

Forced relocation of Native Americans to Oklahoma and gave this land to poor whites.

1. How did the removal of Native Americans cause a rift between the executive and judicial branches?Supreme Court ruled against Federal government and President Jackson refused to enforce the court’s ruling and forced Indians out.