Geology-Earth Materials

Unit 4 Day 1

Geology-Earth Materials

Unit Introduction

n What are Earth materials and why are they important to us?

VA SOL

n ES 5 The student will investigate and understand how to identify major rock-forming and ore minerals based on physical and chemical properties. Key concepts include

n a. properties including hardness, color and streak, luster, cleavage, fracture, and unique properties; and

n b. use of minerals.

Objective

n 1 Relate atomic and molecular structure to the traits of minerals and include the major mineral groups.

n 2 Identify the major elements of the Earth’s crust.

n 3 Identify common minerals and ores and their uses. Include: quartz, calcite, talc, gypsum, fluorite, feldspar, biotite, muscovite, hematite, galena, halite, pyrite, magnetite, sulfur, and graphite.

n 4 Identify Virginia’s major rock and mineral resources and their uses.

Enduring Understanding

n Minerals are the of rocks.

Atomic Structure

n Element is a substance that into simpler substances by physical or chemical processes

n All matter is made of

n Atom is the of the element that has all of it’s characteristics

n Atoms are made of combinations of (+)and in the nucleus and (-) orbiting around the nucleus

n Electrons have very .

n Atomic Number is the number of in the nucleus

n Mass Number is the number of and of a specific isotope

Combining Elements

n Some elements are quite content to remain alone, but most will attempt to with other elements to form the various the common objects and substances we see every day.

n is a substance that is composed of two or more elements that are . “CCC”

n Water (H2O) is a compound

n form when this electron exchange takes place

Ionic Bonds

n is a common example

Uses for Earth Materials

n Nearly every single thing we use today comes from Earth directly or indirectly. The following is a list of minerals and ores

n Name of mineral/ore Use(s)

Quartz (mineral) , watches

Feldspar (mineral)

Calcite (mineral) Neutralizing acids

Mica (mineral) Lampshades,

, makeup

(ore)

Galena (ore)

(ore) Lubricant

Sulfur (ore) ,

(ore) Aluminum

Coal ( ) Energy

Name of rock Use(s)

Gravel/stone (all)

Limestone

Building materials

Lava soap, abrasion

Quartzite

Roofing, pool tables