FINAL EXAM REVIEW SHEET
Colonial Period
What conditions allowed the English to enter the colonial age?
*defeat of Spanish Armada
*emergence of joint stock companies and excess capital
*excess population (enclosure movement)
*laws of primogeniture
*Protestant Reformation
Compare/contrast the Spanish, English, and French colonization patterns
Explain the significance of the Columbian Exchange
Describe the Indian culture areas of North America
Describe the founding of Jamestown and how it managed to survive
Examine the founding of the New England colonies (Plymouth Plantation, Massachusetts Bay)
Compare/contrast the characteristics of the colonial regions
*New England
*Mid-Atlantic
*Chesapeake
*Southern
Examine the causes and impact of the First Great Awakening
Examine colonial-era conflicts
*Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson’s banishments
*Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
*King Philip’s War (1676)
*Salem Witch Trials (1692)
*slave resistance
*wars for empire
Examine the causes, course, and consequences of the French and Indian War (1754-1763)
*Albany Congress
*Treaty of Paris of 1763
*impact on colonial-British relations
*Proclamation of 1763
Revolutionary Period
How did the English attempt to recoup their war debt after the French and Indian War? (Navigation Acts, Mercantilism, Salutary Neglect)
Examine the series of acts and taxes put in place to control the colonists and force them to pay for their own defenses
*Sugar Act
*Quartering Act
*Stamp Act
*Declaratory Act
*Townshend Acts
*Intolerable Acts
Examine the means the colonists used to attempt to resolve the tensions with England
*Stamp Act Congress
*Boston Tea Party
*First Continental Congress
*Second Continental Congress
*Common Sense by Thomas Paine
*Declaration of Independence
Describe the cause, course, and consequences of the Revolutionary War
*Lexington and Concord
*Saratoga and the French Alliance
*Treaty of Paris of 1783
Describe the powers and flaws of the first government under the Articles of Confederation
*unicameral legislature
*can’t tax, regulate commerce
*printing $$ leads to inflation
*Shays’s Rebellion (1786)
*Land Ordinance of 1785
*Northwest Ordinance (1787)
What was the purpose of the Philadelphia Convention and what did it end up creating?
Describe the powers and structure of the federal government under the Constitution
What compromises were necessary to create the Constitution?
*3/5 compromise
*Great Compromise
*slave trade can’t end until 20 years after the Constitution (ends in 1808)
How did the Federalist Papers attempt to persuade people to vote for the Constitution?
*Federalists
*Anti-federalists
Washington’s Presidency
*Hamilton’s Financial Plan
*Jay’s Treaty
*Pinckney’s Treaty
*Whiskey Rebellion
*Neutrality Proclamation
*Farewell Address
Adams’s Presidency
*XYZ Affair
*Quasi War
*Alien and Sedition Acts and Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
*Federalists vs. Republicans
“Revolution of 1800” and 12th Amendment
Jeffersonian Democracy
goals and beliefs
repeal of Federalist policies
Marbury v. Madison
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Embargo Act
Madison’s Presidency
*Non-Intercourse Act
*Macon’s Bill #2
*Cause, course, and consequences of War of 1812
*Hartford Convention
*Treaty of Ghent
Era of Good Feelings
Nationalism vs. sectionalism
Second Bank of the U.S.
Panic of 1819
Missouri Compromise (1820)
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
Election of 1824 and the “Corrupt Bargain”
Jacksonian Democracy
How did democracy expand and contract during this period?
Tariff of 1828 (Abominations) and the Nullification Crisis
The Bank War and its consequences
Indian Removal
Antebellum Reform movements and The Second Great Awakening
The First Industrial Revolution
*What factors contributed to the growth of industry in the antebellum North?
*How did the growth of industry and transportation encourage sectionalism?
Immigration (Irish and German), nativism, and the Know-Nothings
“Cult of Domesticity”
Describe southern rural society and its class divisions
Analyze abolitionist arguments and popular defenses of slavery in the antebellum period
Gag rule in Congress
Manifest Destiny—causes and consequences
Polk’s Presidential Goals
Causes, course, and consequences of the Mexican War
*Wilmot Proviso and Spot Resolutions
*Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
*Mexican Cession
*Compromise of 1850
Demise of the Whig Party
Gadsden Purchase (1853)
How did sectional tensions heat up in the 1850s?
*Ostend Manifesto
*Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
*Dred Scott Case (1857)
*Bleeding Kansas
*John Brown’s Harper’s Ferry Raid
*popular sovereignty
*Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Election of 1860 and its results
Causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War
*Antietam and the Emancipation Proclamation
*Gettysburg
*Appomattox Courthouse
Reconstruction Era
Reconstruction Plans
*Lincoln’s Plan
*Presidential Reconstruction
*Military Reconstruction
*13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
How did Reconstruction change the U.S. and how did it fail to change the U.S.?
Compromise of 1877
Movement for black rights
Gilded Age
Machine politics and political bosses
*Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall
*Thomas Nast
Grant’s scandalous presidency
*Credit Mobilier
Issues of Gilded Age politics
*bloody shirt
*spoils system and civil service
*currency
*ethnic, religious, racial and nativist tensions
*Pendleton Act (1883)
*Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Westward Expansion
*impact of the Transcontinental Railroad
*Frederick Jackson Turner’s “Frontier Thesis”
*What was the impact of white expansion on Indian groups in the Plains?
Second Industrial Revolution and Growth of “Big Business”
*What factors allowed the growth of industry after the Civil War?
*How did the second Industrial Revolution differ from the first?
*vertical and horizontal integration
*John D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie
*describe some unscrupulous methods used by the “robber barons”
*Gospel of Wealth
*Social Darwinism
*urbanization and its problems
*labor movement
-Knights of Labor
-American Federation of Labor
-Pullman Strike
-Haymarket Square
-Homestead Strike
-Why did the labor movement have little success before the 20th cent.?
*What methods did the government use (or fail to use) to control big business?
-Interstate Commerce Act
-Sherman Anti-Trust Act
“New South” movement
*southern industry
*Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
*Jim Crow and disenfranchisement
*Booker T. Washington