CIRCULATORY SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE:
· normal ranges for blood pressure
o what site is most often used (brachial site)
o hypertension symptoms
o hypotension symptoms
· normal ranges for heart rate (pulse) = 72-75
o know where the following pulses would be taken:
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE:
§ apical
§ brachial
§ popliteal
§ radial
§ femoral
§ carotid
§ temporal
§ dorsalis pedis
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE:
· Be able to trace the flow of blood through the entire CARDIOPULMOMARY CIRCULATION given any point in the circuit.
· When blood and nutrients are supplied the entire body it is referred to SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION.
· Be able to follow the electrical conduction through the heart
o ______
o ______
o ______
o ______
o ______
· Systole is the ______phase of the heartbeat.
· Diastole is the ______phase of the heartbeat.
· MI = myocardial infarction (heart attack)
· Artery – takes blood ______from the heart, veins ______blood to the heart.
o Know the qualities of the vessels:
§ Arteries are the strong and elastic; it can handle increased pressure
§ Veins collapse easily when not filled with blood.
§ Capillaries are one cell thick, is the conduit between arterioles and venules. They can only be seen under a microscope.
· A clot (thrombus) in the leg can dislodge and give rise to an ______(in the lung and can be life-threatening).
· Varicose veins are ______. They are commonly found in pregnant women.
· The heart is one pound and sits in the thoracic cage with the apex lying on the diaphragm.
· The heart functions as a ______pump.
· What are the chambers and valves of the heart? ______
· Which valve prevents back flow into the left ventricle? ______
· Which valve prevents back flow into the right atrium? ______
· Which valve prevents back flow into the left atrium? ______
· Which valve prevents backflow into the right ventricle? ______
· The ______is the muscular wall between the right and left side of the heart.
· Edema is fluid buildup in the tissues due to poor venous circulation
· The electrical activity of the heart can be recorded in an ______
· Signs of a heart attack:
o ______
o ______
o ______
· When the heart does not receive enough oxygen the pain felt is called ______
· A disorder of the heart valve will result in a ______on auscultation.
· Where does the origination of the heart beat come from (the pacemaker)? ______
· Which component of the cardiac conduction system is responsible for the contraction of the ventricles? ______
· Arrhythmia (irregular heart beat or conduction defect)
· ______takes place in the capillaries
· ______is the chamber of the heart that pumps blood to the body.
· Endocarditis can be treated with ______.
· Know the indications for
o Coronary bypass
o Coronary stents
o Balloons
o Defibrillator
o Artificial pacemaker
· The three layers of the heart muscle
o ______
o ______
o ______
· know what these vessels supply oxygenated blood to:
o carotid arteries ______
o coronary arteries ______
o hepatic arteries ______
o pulmonary vein ______
· Which vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs to pick up oxygen? ______
· Disease in the systemic circulation can be confirmed with an angiogram.
· Know where the cardiac valves are located (between what two chambers of the heart)
· Know the following Diseases/disorders:
o Hypertension – silent killer
o Angina pectoris (periodic chest pain with no heart chest pain)
o MI
o Heart failure
o Varicose veins
o Atherosclerosis (fatty deposits in the walls of the arteries)
o Phlebitis
o TIA (temporary loss of blood flow to the brain); CVA(permanent loss of blood to brain)
o Aneurysm
o hemorrhoids