Anatomy Notes: Chapter 1

Anatomy Notes: Chapter 1

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology:

Definitions:

•  Anatomy – the ______of ______(also called Morphology)

•  Physiology – the ______of the body parts, ______they do and ______they do it.

Characteristics of Life:

* Movement - ______initiated change in position, motion of ______l parts

•  Responsiveness (irritability) - Ability to ______changes ______, or around the organism and ______to them

•  ______- increase in body size

•  ______- Parents produce offspring / producing new individuals

•  Respiration - Obtaining oxygen (O2), using it to release ______from ______substances, and getting rid of wastes.

•  Digestion - ______changing (breaking down) food substances, and getting rid of wastes

•  ______- Passage of Digested products (food substances) through membranes and into body fluids

•  ______- Movement of substances throughout the body

•  Assimilation - Changing absorbed substances into chemically ______substances

•  Excretion - ______of wastes

Mental Mapping of Characteristics of Life:

•  I am walking to Mcdonalds (______)

•  I stop at the traffic light (______)

•  My body is growing (______)

•  I am breathing air (______)

•  I get a hamburger and eat it (______)

•  My body absorbs the hamburger (______)

•  The hamburger circulates in my body (______)

•  The hamburger is changed to things my body needs (______)

•  Eventually, I go to the bathroom (______)

•  Someday I may reproduce (______)

Other Characteristics:

•  Metabolism = all the ______and ______changes

•  Bodily needs = food, oxygen, water, ______

•  Homeostasis = tendency of the body to maintain a ______, ______, ______environment. “Sameness”

Levels of Organization:

General Organization of the body:

•  ______Portion - head, neck, trunk

•  ______Portion - arms & legs

1.  Several body cavities
2. Layers of ______within cavities
3. Variety of organs and organ systems within ______(______= internal organs. "Visceral organs")

Body Cavities:

1. ______= back side

2. ______= front side

3. Thoracic = ______(heart, ______, lungs..)

4. Abdomen = stomach area (spleen, intestines)

5. ______= lower abdomen (bladder, reproductive organs)

6. DIAPHRAGM: Separates the ______and ______region

SEROUS MEMBRANE - covers and ______organs
SERIOUS FLUID - ______organs

Membranes:

•  ______Membrane - two layered, covers organs

o  Outer layer = ______

o  Inner layer = ______(lines the organs)

•  Serous fluid – ______fluid

•  Pleura = ______

•  ______= heart

•  Peritoneum = organs (______region)

•  Visceral Pleura / Parietal Pleura

•  Visceral Pericardium / Parietal Pericardium

•  Visceral Peritoneum / Parietal Peritoneum

Anatomical Terminology:
Anatomical Position = standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms facing ______
*Study and learn the following terms*
1. Superior

2. Inferior

3. Anterior

4. Posterior

5. Medial

6. Lateral

7. Proximal

8. Distal
9. Superficial
10. Deep