AH2 Accountability Check Part 1 (Start to Midterm)

AH2 Accountability Check Part 1 (Start to Midterm)

1. Deal made so that Rutherford Hayes wins the Electoral college, and the result was the removal of troops from the south, which ended Reconstruction.

1. Laws passed during and after Reconstruction that officially segregated the races in the north and south.

1. Name of the two railroads that completed the first transcontinental railroad in 1869?

1. Indian battle in 1876 where George Custer and his men were defeated by The Sioux Indians led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull.

1. Indian leader of the Nez Perce Indians who avoided capture for several years by evading the army on a 1000 mile journey. Surrendered and said he would “fight no more forever.”

1. Last of the Indian battles. Occurred in S.D. where 200 Sioux were massacred by the Army after a small altercation. Event spurred on by the emerging Ghost Dance movement.

1. Law that gave Indian families 160 acres of land. Tried to assimilate Indians into the mainstream culture by giving individual ownership of land.

1. Type of frontier house that would have been used by many of the first settlers on the Great Plains.

1. This was the process of taking cattle to the nearest railroad station in order to get them to Northern cities. Usually took several weeks.

1. Abandoned mining town after a strike had gone bust.

1. Stories of adventure and success read by many people across the nation. Led to the great myths surrounding much of the time period.

1. Law that gave settlers 160 acres of land for 10$ if they lived on the land for 5 years and improved it.

1. Invented the telephone.

1. Famous inventor who perfected the incandescent lightbulb and well as many other products.

1. Method of forming a big business by having several companies act as one, but in reality they are separate companies.

1. Method of forming a big business by combining several companies into one.

1. Method of forming a big business by controlling all of the same type business.

1. Method of forming a big business by owning or controlling all businesses that are related to your primary business.

1. Owner of Standard Oil Company. One of the richest men in America. Criticized because of his business tactics.

1. One of the leading RR owners in the nation. Consolidated many smaller railroads into a large monopoly on northeastern RR traffic.

1. Leader of the American steel industry. Believed in Social Darwinism as a means of justifying his wealth. Gave away millions of dollars in philanthropy.

1. Idea that the best businesses and businessmen will rise to the top. A belief in the survival of the fittest in business. Was a theory widely supported by the successful and the rich.

1. Practice of giving away large sums of wealth to charitable causes. Practiced by men such as Rockefeller and Carnegie.

1. Law that attempted to regulate the efforts of big business by declaring trusts to be illegal. Passed in 1890.

1. Labor Union led by Terence Powderly that accepted all types of workers.

1. Labor strike where someone threw a bomb into the crowd killing several people. Happened in Chicago in 1886.

1. Union that only accepts skilled laborers. Led by Samuel Gompers

1. Leader of the AFL. Accepted only skilled labor into the union.

1. Type of union that only accepted members who were from the same industry. Led by Eugene V. Debs.

1. Leader of the Industrial Union Movement where all workers of a particular industry belonged to the same union.

1. This was a change in the pattern of immigration, as many people from eastern and southern Europe began to immigrate to the U.S.

1. Areas where many immigrants with the same background would settle in large urban areas. Gave them a place of security and comfort.

1. Cramped, poorly built apartment buildings inhabited by many immigrants in the large urban cities.

1. Wrote a book about the living conditions of the poor called “How the Other Half Lives”.

1. Middle Class reformer who founded Hull House as a place to help immigrants in their new home.

1. Places where immigrants and the poor could find help in the large urban areas. Early examples were the Hull House founded by Jane Addams in Chicago and the Henry Street House in New York.

1. Famous author who wrote many popular dime novels of the period.

1. This is a group that controls the activities of a city by dominating the voting process. Often times greed and corruption where common partners of this type of system.

1. Famous political machine that controlled New York City in the late 1800’s. Was exposed by the political cartoons of Thomas Nast.

1. . Law that officially dismantled the spoils system and created a system of examinations to determine the hiring of civil service workers. Passed in 1882 after the assassination of President Garfield by a disgruntled job-seeker.

1. System of examinations that gave jobs to the most qualified person for the job. Maintained a competent civil service system. Replaced the old spoils system.

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1. Farmer’s organization that began as a social group but evolved into a political group. Was eventually replaced by the larger Populism Party. The group is also known as the Patrons of Husbandry.

1. First real attempt by the government to regulate large businesses. Law was passed after the Granger laws regulating Railroads were declared unconstitutional because they tried to regulate interstate commerce.

1. Political Party that developed in the late 1800’s to represent the views of the Mid-western farmers. Had the most affect on elections in the years of 1892-1896. Most of the group political goals were later incorporated by the two major parties.

1. This is the monetary policy of being able to base our system of paper money on the amount of gold the nation has.

1. Populist and Democratic Candidate for President in 1896. Gave the famous “Cross of Gold Speech” in his support for the idea of free coinage of silver. Lost the election to William McKinley.

1. The long time policy of the United States in foreign affairs before the 1890’s. We tried to stay out of the affairs of other nations.

1. New foreign policy of the U.S. beginning in the late 1800’s where we are seeking to establish colonies in different parts of the world.

1. Wrote a book called the “Influence of Sea Power Upon History” where he stressed the need for the U.S. to build and upkeep a modern and powerful navy. Led to the Great White fleet of the early 1900’s.

1. Battle cry of the nation in the Spanish American war after it was destroyed in the harbor of Havana Cuba.

1. Group of volunteer cavalry soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt in the Spanish American War. Made the famous charge of San Juan Hill.

1. U.S. foreign policy goals sent By John Hay to several other nations stating the hope of the U.S., that all nations be given equal access to trade in China.

1. Name given to the sometimes rough but always effective politics of Theodore Roosevelt. He used this type of politics to battle trusts, establish national parks, and build the Panama Canal.

1. This is an addition to the Monroe Doctrine where the U.S. states that any interference in this hemisphere will be done by the United States. Led to U.S. involvement in Panama, Nicaragua, and Mexico among others.

1. Supreme Court Case that made segregation legal with the doctrine of “separate but equal”. Decision made in 1896

1. African American leader who advocated the teaching of trade skills to help achieve economic equality first. Founded Tuskegee Institute

1. African American leader who was the first black graduate of Harvard. He stressed that blacks need to be given the same chance at higher education and civil rights as whites. Helped to found the NAACP in 1909.

1. One of the female leaders of the women’s suffrage movement. Was the first woman to have her picture on a U.S. coin.

1. Group of middle class reformers who sought to improve society in the early part of the 1900’s.

1. Name given to the investigative journalists of the Progressive era who tried to show the corruption and greed that was affecting the nation.

1. Wrote a book called the “Jungle” to call attention to the lives of immigrants. However the book did bring attention to the horrible conditions found in the nation’s food industry.

1. Book by Upton Sinclair. Depicted the abuses of the meatpacking industry. Was originally meant to be a story of the hard life lived by immigrants.

1. Muckraker who wrote about “the History of Standard Oil” and exposed the harsh business practices of John D. Rockefeller.

1. Idea that you should help those that are less fortunate than you. This was practiced by such groups as the Salvation Army, and the settlement House movement.

1. Reform governor of Wisconsin. He was a leader in the effort to bring about voter reforms such as the secret ballot, recall, referendums, and initiatives.

1. Became President when William McKinley died. Known for his “big stick” political style where he used the office of President to push for reforms. Established national forest lands, fought big business, and helped get the Panama Canal completed.

1. Program of President Theodore Roosevelt to help give every person a fair chance. He pledged to fight the bad trusts and help to reform the evils of society.

1. Government agency created after the publishing of the “Jungle” to make sure the food and medicine we take are safe.

1. Party started by Theodore Roosevelt during his 1912 attempt to run for President as a third party candidate.

1. Socialist leader during the early 1900’s. Received nearly 1 million votes for President. Helped to found the industrial union movement in the late 1800’s.

1. Progressive reform under Woodrow Wilson that created a system of national banks throughout the nations to control the country’s banking system. That same system controls the money supply and interest rate in our nation today.

1. Progressive President who established the Federal Reserve, the Federal Trade Commission, and got the Clayton Anti-trust Act passed. Led the nation through WW I and tried to establish the League of Nations.

1. 1914 law that strengthen the governments ability to break up illegal trusts that overcharged consumers and hindered competition.

1. Type of warfare in WW I where both sides reached a deadly stalemate with “no man’s land” between them.

1. British ocean liner that was sunk by German U-Boats in 1915. American citizens were among those who died. Led to an ultimatum by the U.S. to Germany to stop targeting civilian ships.

1. Intercepted telegram from Germany to Mexico trying to keep the U.S. out of WW I by having Mexico declare war on the U.S. The intercepted note helped convince U.S. leaders to enter WW I against Germany.

1. Individual garden where an American would try to grow their own food in order to save food supplies for the war effort.

1. Federal law passed during the First World War that limited any form of protest against the policies of the government or its ability to fight the war. Challenged in court where the “clear and present danger” doctrine supported the government’s case.

1. Supreme Court case where the court set the doctrine of “clear and present danger” to judge the constitutionality of one’s actions. Court stated that rights are curtailed during times of war.

1. Idea of President Wilson’s that World War I would not be the last war unless we eliminate the reasons for war. In this speech he calls for nations to fix the causes of war and to make this the last war we ever fight.

1. This is the name of Woodrow Wilson’s plan that he took to the Versailles Peace Treaty Conference. The plan stated the reason for war and gave suggestions as to how to avoid future wars. The last part described a world peacekeeping group.

1. Conference to end WW I. The Big Four from the U.S., Britain, France, and Italy decided most of the issues. Most of Wilson’s 14 Points were ignored except for the League of Nations. Germany was put at fault for causing the war.

1. Name of the world peace-keeping organization proposed by President Woodrow Wilson.

1. Name given to the fear of communist radicals, in U.S. after the end of WW I. Many suspected socialists or communists were deported out of this fear.

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