Name: ______Date: _____/_____/_____
Williams Block: _____
PHYSICS
Final Exam Review Packet
This packet consists of a variety of questions and problems covering all topics discussed in the 1st Semester (Chapters 1 – 31). You may refer to your textbook, equations, notes, and graded assignments to help with your responses. This packet will count for two HW grades! Use it as a study guide for the Final Exam.
Motion, Forces, & Energy (Ch. 3 – 11)
1. Compare average velocity and acceleration to instantaneous velocity and acceleration. ______
2. Some rifles can fire a bullet at 1200 m/s.
- If the rifle is fired straight up into the air, how long does it take to reach its highest point?
- How high does the bullet rise above the ground? (Assume the barrel of the rifle is at ground level.)
3. What is the difference between mass and weight? ______
4. An object with a normal force of 100.0 N rolls along surface with 35.0 N of net force.
a. What is the coefficient of friction between the object and the surface?
b. What is the mass of the object?
5. A 7.0 kg block is on an inclined plane.
a. What is the force of the block’s weight, Fg?
b. The angle of the inclined plane is 35°. What is the horizontal component of the force, Fgx?
c. What is the vertical component of the force, Fgy?
d. The coefficient of friction for the inclined plane is 0.25. What is the force of friction?
e. What is the acceleration of the block as it slides down the ramp?
6. A soccer ball is kicked into the air at a 28° angle with an initial velocity of 33 m/s.
a. What is the vertical component of the ball’s initial velocity, vy?
b. What is the soccer ball’s flight time?
c. What is the horizontal component of the ball’s initial velocity, vx?
d. What is the soccer ball’s range?
7. A car with a speed of 0.0145 km/s makes a turn with a radius of 200 m.
a. What is the car’s centripetal acceleration?
b. If the car has a mass of 1200 kg what is the centripetal force?
8. Earth has an orbital period of 365.25 days and Mars has an orbital period of 686 days. What is the orbital radius of earth if Mars has an orbital radius of 2.28 × 1011 m?
9. The mass of a proton is 1.673 × 10 – 27 kg.
a. What is the force of attraction between two protons that are 1.0 × 10 – 15 m apart?
b. What is the new force of attraction if the distance in part (a) is tripled?
10. The diagram below represents a pendulum. The pendulum is pictured in its rest position. When pulled to one side, the pendulum will swing back and forth between -1 m and +1 m. Assume that the friction in this system is negligible.
- Describe the mechanical energy of the pendulum.
- At what distance(s) is gravitational potential energy greatest?
- At what distance(s) is gravitational potential energy the least?
- At what distance(s) is kinetic energy greatest?
- At what distance(s) is kinetic energy the least?
- Predict the distance(s) at which U = K.
11. A 5 kg mass moves at 10 m/s.
a. What is the object’s momentum?
b. If you apply a force of 100 N to the object, how long will it take to stop it?
12. A mover pushes a couch a distance of 4 m to the top of a ramp into the back of a truck using 500 N of force.
a. What is the work input of the mover?
b. What is the mover’s power if the task takes 10s?
c. If the mass of the couch is 100 kg and the back of the truck is 1.5 m high, what is the work output of the ramp?
d. What is the efficiency of the ramp?
e. What is the mechanical advantage of the ramp?
f. What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the ramp?
Thermodynamics (Ch. 12 & 13)
13. Describe the differences between thermal energy, heat, and temperature. ______
14. A hydraulic system consists of two pistons. Piston one has an area of 5 cm2 and exerts a force of 75 N. If piston two has an area 10 cm2, what is the magnitude of the force exerted by piston two?
15. A cube of lead that is 0.15 m on one edge is suspended from a line and immersed in water. The density of lead is 11.3 ´ 103 kg/m3 and the density of water is 1 ´ 103 kg/m3. What is the buoyant force of the water?
16. An iron bar that is 0.5 m long is heated from 20 K to 850 K. The coefficient of linear expansion for iron is 1.2 × 10–5 (°C)–1. What is the length of the bar at the higher temperature?
Waves (Ch. 14 – 19)
17. What is the Doppler Shift? Describe its relative effects on frequency, wavelength, and sound pitch. ______
18. Respond to the following problem using the graph below.
a. Which point represents a wave crest?
b. Which point represents a wave trough?
c. What term best describes the wave graphed above?
d. Estimate the wave’s amplitude to the nearest tenth?
e. Estimate the wave’s period to the nearest tenth.
f. Calculate the wave’s frequency.
19. A radio set at a sound level of 20 dB is suddenly increased to 80 dB. How many more time greater is the pressure amplitude at 80 dB?
20. Describe the shape of both convex and concave lenses and explain their effects on light. ______
21. Flint glass has indices of refraction of 1.57 for red light and 1.59 for violet light. An incident ray of white light moving through air reaches the glass at an angle of 45°. (Assume n = 1 for air.)
a. What is the angle of refraction for the red light?
b. What is the angle of refraction for the violet light?
c. What is the speed of the red light as it moves through the glass?
d. What is the speed of the violet light as it moves through the glass?
22. A magnifying glass with a magnification factor of 3.5 requires an object distance of – 4.0 cm in order to focus properly.
a. What is the image distance?
b. What is the focal length of the lens?
23. Light with a frequency of 4.35 × 1014 Hz passes between two slits that are 15.5 μm apart. First-order bands are observed at 40.5 mm from the central band on the screen.
a. What is the wavelength of the light?
b. How far away is the screen?
Electricity & Magnetism (Ch. 20 – 26)
24. Respond to the items below in a single paragraph. Be sure to consider all three parts.
a. Compare the charges of protons and electrons.
b. In what situations would two charges repel or attract each other?
c. What are the relative quantities of protons and electrons for atoms with a net charge?
______
25. Respond to the items below in a single paragraph. Be sure to consider both parts.
a. Describe two similarities between an electric field and a gravitational field.
b. Describe two differences between an electric field and a gravitational field.
______
26. Refer to the schematic below for this section. You may use your equation banks for any calculations. Make sure that each numerical answer is labeled with the proper units.
a. What type of circuit is depicted in the diagram above?
b. Calculate the equivalent resistance in the circuit.
c. What is the total current in the circuit?
d. What is the current through the 35 Ω resistor?
27. A wire is at right angles to a uniform magnetic field with strength of 0.400 T. The current through the wire is 4.00 A.
a. What is the force that acts on the wire when 0.60 m is in the field?
b. Calculate the speed of an electron traveling through the same magnetic field if the force on the electron is 2.5 × 10 –12 N.
28. The primary coil of a transformer has 750 turns and is connected to 120 V source. How many turns would be needed in the secondary coil to supply 240 V?
29. A 3.34 × 10 –27 kg particle with a charge of 1.6 × 10 –19 C passes through a magnetic field of 0.0038 T. The particle assumes a circular path with a radius 0.06 m. What is the potential difference that accelerated the particle?
Quantum Mechanics (Ch. 27 – 31)
30. For each of the following scientists, briefly state their contribution(s) to the field of quantum mechanics.
a. Max Planck: ______
b. Albert Einstein: ______
c. Werner Heisenberg: ______
d. Erwin Schroedinger: ______
e. Neils Bohr: ______
31. Describe the relationship between conductivity and temperature for a conductor. ______
32. Name and describe the 3 types of radioactive decay. Who made this discovery? ______
33. What is a half-life? ______
34. Under what circumstances is energy released by a nuclear reaction? ______
35. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of a 5.0 kg object moving at 9 .0 m/s.
36. What is the momentum of an X-ray with a wavelength of 4.2 × 10 –12 m?
37. Calculate the both the wavelength and frequency of a photon emitted when a hydrogen electron drops from the n = 3 level to the n = 2 level.
38. Calculate the energy of photon emitted by each of the following transitions.
a. n = 5 to n = 3
b. n = 6 to n = 2
c. n = 2 to n = 1.
d. Which transition releases the most energy?
39. Describe how a spectrometer works. ______
40. Describe the spectral lines of both an emission and absorption spectrum for the same substance. ______
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