Mini II Pharmacology – SummaryD. Lazare

Page 1 of 4

Diuretics – COLT K

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors – edema, alkyl.

  1. Acetazolamides - ACIDazolamide

2.Dorzolamides – open < glaucoma

Osmotic Diuretics

1.Mannitol – ↓ cereb edema & IOP; renal failure

Loop Diuretics – DOCdiuretics; loops lose Ca2+

  1. Furosemides- renal/pulm/hep edema
  2. Ethacrynic Acid - cyanide poisoning

Thiazides

  1. Hydrochlorothiazides
/ Hypertension
Diabetes insipidus
Kidney stones
Toxicity:
– hypo K+/Cl–/Na+
– hyper GLUC
  1. Chlorothiazides

  1. Polythiazides

  1. Chlorthalidones

  1. Indapamides

K+ Sparing Diuretics

  1. Spironolactone
/ 1o/2o hyperaldosteronism
  1. Triamterene

  1. Amiloride

Respiratory Drugs – M NBA OCLLT

Methylxanthenes – think coffee

  1. Theophylline - emerg asthma attacks; low TI
  2. Caffeine

Non–Selective Sympathomimetics

  1. Epinephrine
/ Rarely used
  1. Isoproterenol

  1. Ephedrine

 2 Selective Agonists – DOCacute asthma; PRN

  1. Albuterol
  2. Salmeterol - long t½
  3. Terbutaline

Anti–Muscarinics

  1. Ipratropium - DOCCOPD

Other Respiratory Drugs

  1. Cromolyn Sodium - asthma prophylaxis; kids

Corticosteriods – DOCasthma prophylaxis

  1. Dexmethasone
  2. Triamcinolone
  3. Beclomethasone
  4. Flunisolide

Lipoxygenase Inhibitors

  1. Zileuton - DDIXwarfarin & theophylline

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

1.Zafirlukast - chronic asthma; P450 DDIX

Cardiovascular Drugs

Anti–Anginas – N NBC

Nitrites – e/v/u; prophylaxis

1.Amyl nitrite (nitrite) – cyanide poisoning

2.Nitroglycerin –DOCheart failure, MI

Nitrates – e/v/u

1.Isosorbide dinitrate

2.Isosorbide mononitrate

 Blockers – e

  1. Propranolol
  2. Labetalol

Ca2+ Channel Blockers – e/v/u; MI, HTN

  1. Verapamil
/ Heart & vessels
  1. Diltiazem

  1. Nifedipine
/ Smooth muscle
  1. Nimodipine

Anti–Arrhythmics

Class I a – Na+ channel blockade of ventricles

1.Quinidine – causes Torsade de Pointes

2.Procainamide

3.Disopyramide

4.(Amiodarone)

Class I b – Na+ channel blockade

1.Lidocaine – DOCacute v.tach, v.fib

2.Mexiletine

3.Phenytoin

Class I c – Na+ channel blockade

1.Flecainide

Class II –  adrenergic blockade

1.Propranolol – DOCchronic PST

2.Esmolol – DOCAF, chronic a.tach

Class III – K+ channel blockade

1.Amiodarone

/

DOCchronic AF, a.tach

2.Sotalol

Class IV – Ca2+ channel blockade

1.Verapamil

/

DOCchronic PST

2.Diltiazem

Miscellaneous

  1. Adenosine – DOCacute PST
  2. Magnesium – prophylaxis PST
  3. Digoxin – DOCAF, acute a.tach

Anti–Hypertensives

Diuretics

1.Thiazides & Congeners - DOCHTN

2.Loop Diuretics

3.K+ Sparing Diuretics

Sympatholytics

Centrally Acting Anti–Adrenergics

1.Clonidine –  2 agonist

2.Methyldopa – indirect agonist

Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Agents

  1. Guanethidine –  used (toxicity)
  2. Reserpine – 2 ary w/ diuretic for

mild/mod HTN

 1 Blockers

1.Prazosin

/

2ary for mild/mod HTN

2.Doxazoxin

3.Terazosin

 Blockers – DOCw/ diuretic

  1. Propranolol
  2. Labetalol

Vasodilators – DOCmild/mod HTN

1.Hydralazine

/

Produces NO

2.Sodium Nitroprusside

3.Minoxidil

/

Opens K+ channels

4.Diazoxide

5.Verapamil

/

Ca2+ channel blocker

6.Diltiazem

7.Dihydropyridines

ACE Inhibitors – cause cough

  1. Captopril – DOCHTN, chronic CHF
  2. Enalapril

Angiotensin II Receptor Inhibitors

  1. Losartan –  cough

Inotropics

Cardiac Glycosides
  1. Digoxin - abolish re–entrant tachycardia
  2. Digitoxin

 1 Receptor Adrenergic Agonists

  1. Dopamine
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
  1. Amrinone
/ Short-term mgmt of heart failure
  1. Milrinone

Endocrine Drugs

Hypothalamic & Anterior Pituitary Hormones

GHRH – analogues
  1. Sermorelin - investigate ↓ GH response
SRIH & Congeners
  1. Prosomatostatin
/ Acromegaly
MEN Syndrome
  1. Somatostatin

  1. Octreotide

GH & Congeners
  1. Somatropin
/ Pituitary dwarfism
Turner's syndrome X0
  1. Somatrem

TRH
  1. Protirelin - evaluate hyper/hypothyroidism
TSH
  1. Thyrotropin - 131I uptake in thyroid cancer
Adrenal Hormones
  1. CRH – distinguish btn Cushing's dz/synd
ACTH & Congeners
  1. Cosyntropin -  glucocorticoid release
GnRH & Congeners
  1. Gonadorelin
/ Pulsatile (+) / Continuous (–)
  1. Leuprolide
/ hypogonadism / prostate cancer
  1. Nafarelin
/ cryptorchidism / temp castration
Prolactin
  1. Somatomammotropin -  PIH (dop)
Bromocryptine & Dopamine Agonists
  1. Bromocriptine –  lactation; Parkinson's
  2. Pergolide
Posterior Pituitary Hormones
  1. Oxytocin – induce labour; milk ejection
  2. Vasopressin – vasoC; anti–diuresis
  3. Desmopressin
Thyroid Hormones
  1. Levothyroxine (T4) – DOChypothyr, cretinism
  2. Liothryronine (T3)
Anti–Thyroid Hormones
  1. Methimazole
/ Mild hyperthyroidism
Thyroid storm
  1. Propylthiouracil

Radioactive Iodide
  1. 131I –  rays destroy thyroid parenchyma

Bone Mineral Homeostasis

Vitamin D, Metabolites & Analogues
  1. Cholecalciferol (D3) – Ricket's
  2. Ergocalicferol (D2)osteomalacia
  3. Calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) – DOCCRF
  4. Dihydrotachysterol (DHT)
Bone Homeostasis
  1. Calcitonin (CT) – Paget's dz, hyperCa2+
  2. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
  3. Fluoride – stabilizes hydroxyapatite crystal
Bisphosphonates - DOCPaget's, osteoporosis
  1. Etidronate – ↓ hyperCa2+, bone metastases
Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors

Estrogens

  1. Estradiol
/ Postmen hormone
replacement
Contraceptive
  1. Ethinyl estradiol

  1. Mestranol

  1. Diethylstilbestrol

Progestins

  1. Progesterone
/ Contraception
Endometriosis
Dysmenorrhea
Prostate carcinoma
  1. Megestrol

  1. Norethindrone

  1. L–Norgestrel

Anti–Estrogens

  1. Tamoxifen – breast tumours
  2. Clomiphene

Anti–Progestins

  1. Mifepristone – post–coital contraceptive
  2. Progest/glucocort receptor antags

Androgens & Anabolic Steroids

  1. Testosteronenat andr – hypogonadal men
  2. Dihydrotestosteronenat andr
  3. Danazolsyn andr - her. angioneurotic edema
  4. Nandrolone - anabolic steroid
  5. Oxandrolone - anabolic steroid

Anti-Androgens

Inhibitors of Androgen Synthesis
  1. Leuprolide - prostatic carcinoma
  2. Nafarelin
Androgen Receptor Blockers
  1. Finasteride - prostatic hypertrophy
  2. Cyproterone - hirsuitism, acne
  3. Flutamide - prostatic carcinoma

Adrenocorticosteroids

Glucocorticoids

Natural
  1. Hydrocortisonesa - cortisol
  2. Cortisonesa
Synthetic
  1. Prednisoneia
/ Repl/suppl therapy
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus Eryth
Neoplastic disorders
Anemia
Anti–inflammatory
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn's disease
  1. Prednisolone

  1. CH3-prednisolone

  1. Triamcinoloneia

  1. Betamethasonela

  1. Dexmethasonela

Mineralocorticoids

Natural
  1. Aldosterone
  2. Desoxycorticosterone - DOC
Synthetic
  1. Fludroscorisonesa – Addison's disease

Corticosteroid Inhibitors/Antagonists

Corticosteroid Synthesis Inhibitors
  1. Mitotane - inoperable adrenal carcinoma
  2. Metyropone - Cushing's disease
  3. Amino-glutethimide – anti–cancer
  4. Ketoconazole – DOCinhib of steroid prod
Receptor Antagonists
  1. Mifepristone – anti–progestin
  2. Spironolactone – hyperaldost, hirsutism

Anti-Diabetics

Insulin & Insulin Preparations

  1. Insulin
/ Catabolic
Metabolism of:
CHO
Lipid
Protein
↓ blood [K+]
  1. Lispro

  1. Regular

  1. Semilente

  1. Isophane

  1. Lente

  1. Ultralente

  1. Protamine

  1. Zinc

Sulfonylureas – NIDDM, DI

  1. Tolbutamide
  2. Glyburide
  3. Chlorporpamide

Biguanides

  1. Metformin – anti HYPERglycemic

Thiazolidinediones

  1. Troglitazone – anti HYPERglycemic

Meglitinides

  1. Repaglinide – HYPOglycemic; NIDDM

-Glucosidase Inhibitors

  1. Acarbose – IDDM; NIDDM