Federal Communications CommissionFCC-11-46

Before the

Federal Communications Commission

Washington, D.C. 20554

In the Matter of
Petition of Reconsideration of Dismissal of
Application for Assignment of Licenses from United States Wireless Cable, Inc. to Rioplex Wireless Ltd. / )
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) / File No. 20020426AAZ

ORDER

Adopted: March 16, 2011Released: March 18, 2011

By the Commission:

I.INTRODUCTION

1.In this Order, we decline to reinstate two Broadband Radio Services (“BRS”) licenses that automatically cancelled when the former licensee defaulted on its installment payment loan. Because the former licensee, United States Wireless Cable, Inc. (“USWC”), raised serious questions regarding its ongoing ability and willingness to fulfill its payment obligations, we find that application of our automatic license cancellation rule in this case serves the underlying purpose of that rule and promotes the public interest by protecting the integrity of our auction and licensing rules in a manner that is fair to all applicants that participate in our competitive bidding process. Therefore, we affirm the previous decision of the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau in this matter and deny the Application for Review filed by USWC together with its subsidiary, Reorganized United States Wireless Systems, Inc. (“USWS”).[1]

II.Background

  1. The Commission’s Installment Payment Program

2.When the Commission first adopted competitive bidding rules in 1994, it established an installment payment loan program under which qualified small businesses that won licenses in certain services were allowed to pay their winning bids in quarterly installments over the initial term of the license.[2] In deciding to offer installment payment loans, the Commission reasoned that in appropriate circumstances such plans would, by reducing the amount of private financing small entities needed in advance of auctions, help to provide opportunities for small businesses to participate in the provision of spectrum-based services.[3] Licensees paying in installments were generally allowed to pay only interest in the early years of the license term.[4] When the Commission discontinued the use of installment payment loans for future license auctions in 1997,[5] it allowed entities that were already paying for licenses in installments to continue doing so.[6]

3.Certain features of the Commission’s installment payment rules have remained the same since their inception. The rules have always conditioned the grant of licenses upon thefull and timely performance of licensees’ payment obligations and have provided that, upon a licensee’s installment

payment default, the license cancels automatically and the Commission institutes debt collection procedures.[7] In other words, a licensee that defaults on an installment payment loses the license, is not refunded any prior payments and is subject to collection of the remaining balance of the debt.[8]

4.In 1997, the Commission liberalized its installment payment grace period rules for licensees that were already paying their winning bids in installments, providing these licensees with significant advantages not previously available to them. Under the initial installment payment rules adopted in 1994, any licensee whose installment payment was more than 90 days past due was in default, unless the licensee had properly filed a grace period request.[9] The rules as amended in 1997, however, provided licensees with an automatic grace period, i.e., a grace period to which they were entitled without having to file a request.[10] The amended rules also entitled all licensees paying in installments to a grace period of 180 days. Thus, if a licensee did not make full and timely payment of an installment, it was automatically granted a 90-day period during which it was allowed to pay the installment along with a 5 percent late fee.[11] If it did not submit the missed installment payment and the 5 percent late fee before the expiration of this 90-day period, the licensee was automatically granted a second 90-day period during which it could remit payment along with an additional late fee equal to 10 percent of the missed payment.[12] A licensee’s failure to make its required payment, including the associated late fees, by the end of the 180 day period placed it in default.[13]

5.In liberalizing its grace period rules, the Commission found that the amended rules eliminated uncertainty for licensees seeking to restructure other debt contingent upon the results of the Commission’s installment payment provisions[14] and that the added certainty the rules provided to licensees would increase the likelihood that licensees and potential investors would find solutions to capital problems before defaults occurred.[15] Noting that a grace period is an extraordinary form of relief in cases of financial distress and that the rules it adopted are consistent with commercial practice, the Commission declined to provide more than 180 days for licensees to make late payments and rejected the argument that licenses should not cancel automatically upon default.[16]

  1. United States Wireless Cable (“USWC”)

6.USWC won the BRS licenses for the Brownsville-Harlingen, Texas (MDB 056) and the Victoria, Texas (MDB 456) Basic Trading Areas (“BTAs”) (collectively the “Licenses”) in Auction 6, which concluded in March of 1996.[17]As a small business, USWC was eligible to participate in the Commission’s installment payment plan available for qualifying entities.[18] In keeping with the Commission’s rules, grant of the Licenses was conditioned upon USWC’s full and timely performance of its payment obligations.[19] USWC was scheduled to make interest-only payments for the first two years of the ten-year license term. Payments of interest and principal were to be amortized over the remaining eight years.[20]

7.USWC began making its installment payments under the Commission’s original installment payment rules. When the Commission’s amended grace period rules became effective on March 16, 1998, USWC became subject to those rules.[21] USWC made its payments pursuant to its signed security agreements and promissory notes through the end of 2000.[22]

8.On October 27, 2000, USWS, a wholly owned subsidiary of USWC, filed for bankruptcy.[23] USWC and USWS (collectively “the Parties”) contend that at the time that USWS filed for bankruptcy, USWC had agreed to assign and transfer to USWS all of the rights in the Licenses.[24] USWC concedes, however, that it did not file any applications with the Commission to effectuate the assignment of the Licenses.[25]

9.USWC failed to pay the installment payment due on the Brownsville license on February 28, 2001, along with the required late fees, before the expiration of the two quarters it was permitted under the rules. The Brownsville license therefore automatically canceled on September 1, 2001.[26] USWC then also failed to pay the installment payment due on the Victoria license on May 31, 2001, along with the required late fees, before the expiration of the two quarters it was permitted under the rules. The Victoria license therefore automatically canceled on December 1, 2001.[27] USWC accordingly became subject to debt collection procedures.[28]

10.On April 26, 2002, Rioplex Wireless, Ltd. filed an assignment application to acquire the Licenses.[29] On August 7, 2002, the Commission provided debt acceleration letters to USWC.[30] On March 16, 2005, the Broadband Division of the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau (“the Division”) dismissed the Rioplex assignment application because the Licenses had automatically cancelled.[31]On April 22, 2005, USWC, together with USWS, filed a Petition for Reconsideration of the dismissal of the assignment application and of the operation of automatic license cancellation rule, and requested reinstatement of the Licenses.[32] While that Petition was still pending, USWS independently submitted a letter to the Commission that reiterated the request for reinstatement of the Licenses but sought to withdraw the request for reconsideration of the dismissal of the assignment application.[33]

11.On December 28, 2007, the Wireless Telecommunications Bureau (“WTB”) denied the Petition for Reconsideration.[34] USWC and USWS then jointly filed the instant Application for Review on January 25, 2008 continuing to seek waiver of the Commission’s automatic cancellation rule and reinstatement of the Licenses.[35]

III.Discussion

A. The Bureau’s Decision is Consistent with the Communications Act and Relevant Precedent

12.The Commission will grant an application for review of a final action taken on delegated authority only when such action, inter alia, conflicts with statute, regulation, precedent or established Commission policy; involves application of a precedent or policy that should be overturned; or makes an erroneous finding as to an important or material factual question.[36] Here the Parties fail to establish any of these grounds.

13.The Parties argue that the Bureau’s decision denying their request for waiver of the Commission’s installment payment rules and for reinstatement of the Licenses violates the Commission’s rules adopted in the Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order, conflicts with other Commission precedent,[37] does not adhere to the Commission’s pro forma assignment and transfer policies, and contradicts the D.C. Circuit’s precedent in Capital Telephone[38] and 21st Century.[39] For the reasons discussed herein, we conclude that the Bureau’s decision is fully consistent with the Communications Act as well as the Commission’s rules, policies and all relevant precedent regarding automatic license cancellation.

14.The Commission’s long-established policy and precedent regarding the installment payment automatic cancellation rule is clear and has been upheld by the D.C. Circuit.[40] In offering eligible small businesses the ability to pay their winning auction bids through the installment payment program, the Commission’s rules have always explicitly conditioned retention of a license on the full and timely payment of each installment.[41] The rules state that failure to do so results in the automatic cancellation of the license.[42] The rules provide for this consequence because compliance with the Commission’s payment rules is critical to realizing the public interest objectives of section 309(j) of the Communications Act.[43] Under the rules and policies implementing its auction authority, the Commission presumes that the entity that bids the most for a license in an auction is the entity that places the highest value on the use of the spectrum and is best able to put the licenses to use for the benefit of the public.[44] Entities demonstrate that they merit this presumption by paying the full amounts bid for those licenses.[45] Thus, requiring licensees to demonstrate their continuing ability to pay as a condition of holding a license is essential to an efficient licensing process that is fair to all auction participants, both those who win licenses and those who do not.[46]

15.The Commission has reasoned that the presumption that the auction assigned the license to the party that placed the highest value on the spectrum is lost when licensees paying winning bids in installments fail to pay the principal, related interest, and any late fees in compliance with the Commission's rules.[47] If the Commission were to allow licensees to keep their licenses after they had failed to comply with the Commission’s payment rules, it would increase the incentive for bidders to make bids they could not pay and reduce opportunities for other bidders to win licenses.[48] By increasing the likelihood that winning bidders will be entities that are able to pay their bids and provide service to the public, the Commission furthers economic opportunity and competition in the marketplace.[49] In this manner, strict enforcement of the installment payment rules preserves a fair and efficient licensing process and promotes the rapid deployment of services for the benefit of the public.[50] Here, the Parties present no persuasive arguments to convince us to deviate from this precedent.

16.Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order and other Commission precedent. The Parties summarily claim that the Bureau erred in not applying the original rules on installment payment defaults set forth in the Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order and related Commission and judicial precedent.[51] Accordingly, they argue that the Licenses should not be subject to automatic cancellation.[52] Furthermore, the Parties claim that, by strictly enforcing the installment payment rules, the Commission failed to consider requests for waiver of the installment payment rules on a case-by-case basis.[53]

17.As an initial matter, we reject the Parties’ claim that we must apply the factors outlined in the Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order for determining whether to grant a grace period for an installment payment deadline to their request for waiver of the automatic cancellation rule.[54] In the Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order, the Commission explained the factors that it would use to consider whether to grant a three to six month grace period of an impending installment payment deadline under the Commission’s then applicable rules.[55] As explained above, in 1997 the Commission amended those installment payment rules so that licensees would no longer be required to file such requests for additional time to render an installment payment, and would instead have an automatic grace period of up to two quarters to make their payments, along with the appropriate late fees.[56] Thus, the factors outlined in the Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order for determining whether to grant a pre-default request for additional time to make an installment payment under the former grace period rules do not apply to a post-default request for waiver of the automatic cancellation rule, where the Parties already received two automatic quarterly grace periods for making an installment payment and then requested waiver of the automatic license cancellation rule after defaulting on their payment obligation.[57]

18.We also disagree with the Parties’ assertion that, under the Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order, the sanction for a licensee’s default on its installment payment obligation was something other than automatic license cancellation.[58] The Parties erroneously contend that the Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order indicated that the penalty for all failures to comply with the terms of a license would result in the forfeiture of the licensee’s 20 percent down payment.[59] The language which USWC relies on for this argument, however, does not support the conclusion that the Commission intended to apply to installment payment defaults, the same sanctions it applies to a winning bidder’s default on its down payment.[60] Instead, where the Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order directly addresses installment payments it makes clear that the failure to render timely payment will result in license cancellation and subject the defaulting licensee to the Commission’s debt collection procedures.[61] Moreover, contrary to the argument presented, the Commission did not change any of the terms and conditions for the subject Licenses and USWC knew or should have known how the automatic license cancellation rule would operate in the event of an installment payment default. As stated above, since the inception of its loan program, the Commission’s installment payment rules have always conditioned the grant of licenses upon thefull and timely performance of licensees’ payment obligations and have provided that, upon a licensee’s default, the license cancels automatically and the Commission institutes debt collection procedures to collect the full amount of the outstanding debt obligation.[62] In fact, in the Part 1 Third Reconsideration of Third Report and Order, the Commission clearly explained that the installment payment rules had, in all material respects, remained unchanged in language and application since their inception, and it specifically rejected an assertion that it had engaged in retroactive rulemaking.[63]

19.The Parties also erroneously claim that the Commission violates the rules established in the Competitive Bidding Second Report and Order by failing to consider requests for waiver of the installment payment rules on a case-by-case basis.[64] To the contrary, our policy of strict enforcement of the automatic cancellation rule requires careful consideration of waiver requests on a case-by-case basis.[65] In each case in which a waiver of the installment payment rules has been requested, our precedent demonstrates that we have examined the circumstances in detail to determine whether the waiver standard is met and the public interest would be served by preserving the license assignment, despite a missed payment deadline.[66] Thus, the Commission has granted waivers when it has found that there was no serious question regarding the defaulting licensee’s ongoing ability and willingness to fulfill its payment obligations despite its default and, therefore, no question regarding the presumption that it remained best suited to utilize the spectrum.[67] In contrast, in circumstances like those that USWC presents, where a defaulting licensee did not promptly pay its debt in full after acceleration or did not make continuing post-default payments with an unconditional promise to pay its accelerated debt in accord with the Commission’s payment terms, the Commission has consistently denied requests for waiver of the automatic cancellation rule based on the licensee’s failure to demonstrate its ability and willingness to pay.[68] USWC has raised concerns about its ongoing ability and willingness to fulfill its payment obligations after the default by not making any payments for almost ten years and offering only unsupported promises to pay the debt in full at some future time. In such circumstances, any representations regarding a history of making payments, the provision of service, or the potential existence of a proposed assignee have not outweighed such concerns or justified waiver of the automatic cancellation rule under either prong of our waiver standard.[69] Thus, contrary to the Parties’ contentions, USWC is not similarly situated to the licensees in the matters of Advanced and Leaco. Rather, USWC is similarly situated to other defaulting licensees to whom the Commission has denied waivers.