INTL 447

IDENTITY AND FOREIGN POLICY

OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

MW 11:00-12:15

FALL 2012

INSTRUCTOR:Office Hours:M 15:30-16:30

Bahar RumeliliW 15:30-16:30

CASE 143(ext. 1628) and by appointment

e-mail:

TEACHING ASSISTANTOffice Hours: M 13:30-14:30

Melek ArıW 13:30-14:30

SOS Zand by appointment

e-mail:

Course Description:

With the 2010 Lisbon treaty, the European Union put in place an institutional framework that would enable it to project an alternative cohesive identity on the world stage, yet its ability to do so is becoming increasingly constrained as it copes with the Euro-zone debt crisis and reaches the limits of its enlargement policy. On the basis of these trends, this course situates the analysis of European foreign policy in the context of a broader European political and security order that is becoming less EU-centered, and where non-EU member European actors such as Russia and Turkey play a growingly important role. Moreover, Europe’s relationship to the United States,which has so far been thedefining feature of European foreign policy identity and strategy, increasingly plays out in a global context where the power of the US and the West is in relative decline. How and in what ways does Europe impact world politics? How can it be more effective?How is European foreign policy shaped by the differing orientations of EU member and non-member states?What should be the role of Europe in a multi-polar, post-Western world? Should it aspire to become a power that rivals the United States and other emerging great powers or should it emphasize alternative forms of ‘soft’ power? On the basis of these debates, we analyze European foreign policy in Southeastern Europe, Western Balkans, Middle East, Eastern Europe/ Southern Caucasus, Asia and Africa and towards Russia, the United States.

Course Readings:

The required readings have been compiled in a course packet, which is available for purchase at the XEROX copy center. In addition, students can access the required and supplementary readings through the library’s e-reserve collection.

Course Requirements:

Students are expected to closely read the assigned texts and actively participate in all class sessions. In addition, students will participate in two simulated press conferences on two topics covered in class (see Handout for details) and submit 200 word news articles on two other topics. The final exam will not be cumulative. Only those students who submit a valid documented excuse will be offered make-up exams.

Course grades will be determined on the following basis:

Participation 10%
Press Conferences 30% total
News Reports 10% total
Midterm 25%
Final Exam 25%

Course Schedule:

Sept. 17-19: Introduction, European Foreign Policy: Achievements and Prospects

Krastev, Ivan and Mark Leonard (2010) The Spetre of a Multipolar Europe.London: European Council on Foreign Relations.

Supplementary Reading:

Ulrich Krotz (2009) ‘Momentum and Impediments: Why Europe Won’t Emerge as a Full Political Actor Soon’

Sept. 24: History and Institutional Structure of European Foreign Policy Cooperation

Fraser Cameron (2007)An Introduction to European Foreign Policy, Routledge. Ch. 2.

Sept. 26: Tutorial on Press Conference Simulation Activity and News Reports

Oct 1-3: Power and Purpose at times of Crisis

Smith, Michael E. (2011) ‘A Liberal Grand Strategy in a Realist World? Power, Purpose and the EU’s Changing Global Role’ Journal of European Public Policy 18: 2, pp. 144-163.

Whitman, R. G. and Ana E. Juncos (2012) ‘The Arab Spring, the Eurozone Crisis and the Neighborhood: A Region in Flux’ Journal of Common Market Studies, 50, pp. 147-161.

Heisbourg, F. (2012) ‘In the Shadow of the Euro crisis’ Survival, 54: 4, pp. 25-32.

Oct 8-10-15: EU Foreign Policy and Member States

Maull, Hanns W. (2008) ‘Germany and the Art of Coalition Building’ European Integration, 30:1, pp. 131- 152.

Irondelle, Bastien and F. Merand (2010) ‘France’s Return to NATO: The death knell for ESDP?’ European Security, 19:1, pp. 29-43.

Hood, Frederick (2008) ‘Atlantic Dreams and European Realities: British Foreign Policy After Iraq’European Integration, 30:1, pp. 183- 197.

Edwards, Geoffrey (2006) ‘The New Member States and the Making of EU Foreign Policy’European Foreign Affairs Review, 11, pp. 143- 162.

Oct. 17- 22: EU-Turkey Relations and the Cyprus conflict

Muftuler-Bac, Meltem and Yaprak Gursoy (2010) ‘Is there a Europeanization of Turkish Foreign Policy? An Addendum to the Literature on EU Candidates’Turkish Studies,11:3, pp.405-427.

Yakinthou, C. (2009) ‘The EU’s Role in the Cyprus Conflict: System Failure or Structural Metamorphosis’

Supplementary Readings:

European Commission’s 2011 Progress Report on Turkey

Stefan Fule’s comments at the launch of the Positive Agenda

On Greenline Regulation See Communication from the European Commission, Annual Report of 2011, at

On the Implementation of Community Assistance to Northern Cyprus, See Sixth Annual Report (2011) by the Commission at

Oct. 24: Bayram Holiday

Oct. 29: National Holiday

Oct 31-Nov. 5: The EU inthe Western Balkans

Gordon, C. (2009) ‘The Stabilization and Accession Process in the Western Balkans’

Ilievski, A. and D. Taleski (2009) ‘Was the EU’s Role in Conflict Management in Macedonia a Success?’

Obradovic-Wochnik, J. and A. Wochnik (2012) ‘Europeanising the “Kosovo Question”: Serbia’s Policies in the Context of EU Integration’ West European Politics, 35:5, 1158-1181.

Supplementary Readings:

Bideleux, Robert and Ian Jeffries (2007). The Balkans: a post-communist history.

Blitz, Brad K. (2006). Warand changein the Balkans: nationalism, conflict and cooperation.

Pettifer, JamesandVickers, Miranda (2007). The Albanianquestion: reshaping the Balkans.

Wachtel, Andrew (2008). The Balkans in world history.

On Relationship with the Western Balkans, see European Commission’s Enlargement Strategy 2011-12 at

Progress reports on individual countries can be accessed at:

For 2010 Council conclusions on the Western Balkans see

Nov. 7: MIDTERM

Nov. 12-14: The EU and Eastern Europe and South Caucasus

Fischer, S. (2012) ‘The European Union and the Insiders/Outsiders of Europe: Russia and the Post-Soviet Space’ Review of European Studies, 4: 3, pp. 32-44.

Ganzle, S. (2008) ‘EU-Russia Relations and the Repercussions on the “In-Betweens”’in Schmidtke, Oliver and Serhy Yekelchyk (eds). Europe's last frontier?: Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine between Russia and the European Union. Palgrave, pp. 195-229.

Sasse, G. (2009) ‘The European Neighborhood and Conflict Management: A Comparison of Moldova and the Caucasus’

Supplementary Readings:

Solonenko, I. (2009) ‘External Democracy Promotion in Ukraine: the role of the European Union’

Tudoroiu, T. “The European Union, Russia, and the Future of the Transnistrian Frozen Conflict’ East European Politics and Societies, 26, pp. 135-161.

Cheterian, Vicken (2008). Warand peacein the Caucasus: ethnic conflict and the new geopolitics.

King, Charles (2010). Theghostoffreedom:a historyof the Caucasus.

On Eastern Partnership, See Communication from the European Commission at

and the Joint Declaration of the 2011 Eastern Partnership Summit at

Resolution on the EU strategy for the Black Sea:

Nov. 19-21: EU-Russia relations and Energy:

Sakwa, R. ‘Russia and Europe: Whose Society?’ European Integration, 33: 2, pp. 197-214.

Mankoff, J. (2010) ‘Reforming the Euro-Atlantic Security Architecture: An Opportunity for US Leadership’ Washington Quarterly, 33: 2, pp. 65-83.

Tekin, A. and P. A. Williams (2009) ‘EU-Russian Relations and Turkey’s Role as an Energy Corridor’ Europe-Asia Studies, 61:2, pp. 337-356.

Supplementary Readings:

Aalto, Pami(2007). The EU-Russianenergydialogue: Europe's futureenergysecurity.

Hopf. T. (ed., 2008) Russia’s European Choice, Palgrave.

Lukyanov, Fyodor (2008) ‘Russia- EU: The Partnership That Went Astray’ Europe- Asia Studies, 60:6, pp. 1107- 1119

On the EU-Russia Energy Dialogue; See 10th Progress Report by European Commissioner for Energy and RussianMinister of Energy at

Joint Report on the 10th year of the EU-Russia Energy Dialogue

On the country Strategy Paper, see

For Documents from the 15Dec. 2011 EU-Russia Summit in Brussels, see

Nov. 26-28: The EU and the Mediterranean

Schumacher, T. ‘The EU and the Arab Spring: Between Spectatorship and Actorness’ Insight Turkey, 13: 3, pp. 107-119.

Kausch, K. (2009) ‘The European Union and Political Reform in Morocco’

Tocci, N. (2009) ‘Firm in Rhetoric, Compromising in Reality: the EU in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict’

Supplementary Readings:

Hollis, R. (2012) ‘No Friend of Democratization: Europe’s Role in the genesis of the ‘Arab Spring’ International Affairs, 88:1, pp. 81-94.

LeVine, Mark (2009). Impossiblepeace:Israel/Palestinesince1989.

Long, David and Bernard Reich (2011). The Government and Politics of the Middle East and North Africa.

Youngs, Richard (2006). Europeand the MiddleEast: in the shadow of September 11.

On Tunisia, see

On Egypt, see

On Libya, see

On the Syrian Conflict, see

On the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, see Council Conclusions on the Middle East Peace Process at

Dec. 3-5: Security and Defense

Duke, Simon (2008) ‘The Future of EU- NATO Relations: A Case of Mutual Irrelevance Through Competition’ European Integration, 30:1, pp. 27- 43

Menon, Anand (2011) ‘European Defence Policy from Lisbon to Libya’ Survival, 53:3, pp. 75-90.

Supplementary Readings:

Menon, Anand (2009) ‘Empowering Paradise? The ESDP at Ten’ International Affairs, 85:2, pp. 227-246.

Report on the Implementation of European Security Strategy at

On EU-NATO relations, see

2011 Council Conclusions on Common Security and Defense Policy, at

Dec. 10-12:Transatlantic Relations

Howorth, J. and A. Menon (2009) ‘Still not Pushing Back: Why the European Union is not Balancing the United States’ Journal of Conflict Resolution, 53: 5, pp. 727-744.

Williams, S. L. ‘Trade Relations between the US and the EU’ in Hard Power, Soft Power, and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, pp. 91-111.

Supplementary Readings:

Nye, Joseph S. (2008) ‘Soft Power and European-American Affairs’ in Hard Power, Soft Power, and the Future of Transatlantic Relations, pp. 25-35.

On Economic Cooperation, see 2011 US-EU Transatlantic Economic Council’s Joint Statement

2011 EU-US Summit Joint Statement at

Dec. 17-19: EU Policy towards Asia and Africa

Olsen, Gorm Rye (2008) ‘Coherence, Consistency and Political Will in Foreign Policy: The European Union’s Policy Towards Africa’ Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 9:2, pp. 157-171.

Vines, Alex (2010) ‘Rhetoric from Brussles and Reality on the Ground: the EU and Security in Africa’ International Affairs, 86:5, pp. 1091-1108.

Narramore, T. (2008) ‘China and Europe: Engagement, Multipolarity, and Strategy’ The Pacific Review, 21:1, pp. 87-108.

Supplementary Readings:

On Asia-Europe Meetings, see website of the 8th Summit in Beijing at

On EU-Africa relations, see Africa-EU Strategic PartnershipJoint Strategy Plan and Progress evaluation

14th Africa-EU Ministerial Meeting (2010)

Dec. 24-26: Conclusion and Overview

PRESS CONFERENCES:

Press conferences are simulation exercises which will be conducted after the conclusion of pertinent course topics (see list below). During these press conferences, each student will impersonate a different official (see list below), deliver a statement on the state of the EU’s, concerned state’s or institution’s policy, and respond to queries from the students who act as members of the press.

Students will be assignedtheirtopics and rolesduring the Simulation Tutorial on Sept. 26. Simulation topics include:

  • EU-Turkey relations and the Cyprus conflict
  • The EU in the Western Balkans
  • The EU and Eastern Europe and South Caucasus
  • EU-Russia Relations and Energy
  • The EU and the Middle East
  • Security and Defense
  • Transatlantic Relations
  • EU Policy towards Asia and Africa

Each topic can accommodate a maximum of 10 students, if there are fewer than 5 students interested in a topic, then the press conference on that topic will not be held and the students will be transferred to other topics.

Each pressconference will be held during the week the topic is covered in class. Under normal conditions, the second class session of the week will be devoted to the press conference.

Officials who can be impersonated during the press conferences include:

  • [REQ] President of the European Council, Herman Van Rompuy
  • [REQ] High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice President of the Commission Catherine Ashton
  • Another representative from the European Commission (Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso or Enlargement and Neighborhood Policy Commissioner Stefan Füle). See commissioners at
  • Cypriot President (as holder of rotating EU Presidency)Dimitris Christofias(
  • Prime Minister/ President of leading member states
  • Prime Minister/ President of concerned states (including EU members and non-members)
  • NATO Secretary-General (Anders Fogh Rasmussen,
  • UN Secretary General (Ban Ki-moon,
  • EU Special Representatives(information available at:

In preparing for the press conference activity, students will research about the activities of the EU on their assigned topic and follow contemporary developments from the EU web-sites and news sources (see attached list and also the sources in the syllabus). They will also research about the positions of the states and organizations they represent. On the basis of this research they will submit:

  • A 2 page statement to be presented during the press conference, summarizing the position of the states/ organizations they represent, their assessment of EU policy, and their policy recommendations for the EU.
  • A 4-5 page appendix where they explain why they prepared the press statement as they did, indicating sources and research.

Student may consult the published speeches of the officials they represent, yet their press statements/ appendices need to be original, and written entirely in their own words (see note on academic honesty at the end of the syllabus). Both documents will be handed in to the instructor at the beginning of the conference. During the conference, each student will have 3-5 minutes to deliver the press statement. Late submissions will not be graded. Students who, due to a valid documented excuse, cannot participate in the press conference activity they have been assigned, are required to submit before class their press statements and appendices in order to receive a grade.

Sample Press Statements:

Statement by President Barroso following his meeting with Mr Antonis Samaras, Prime Minister of Greece

European Commissioner for Enlargement and European Neighbourhood. Speech at the meeting of the EU-Ukraine ParliamentaryCooperation Committee

News Reports:

In addition to taking part as a speaker in two press conferences students are required to take part as a member of the press in two other press conference simulation sessions. As a member of the press you will come to class prepared to ask the participants of the press conference questions relevant to the subject matter at hand. Based on the press statements and the responses to questions, students will be asked to prepare a short news item of maximum 200 words that will be e-mailed to Melek Ari ()at the latest 48 hours after the press conference. Late submissions will not be graded. The news reports will be published in the INTL 447 Weekly Newsletter to be distributed after each press conference.

News reports should focus on newsworthy aspects of the press conference. These may include a provocative or unexpected statement made by a presenter, an unexpected response to a challenging question, or a comment on current developments. In order to prepare a successful news report, students should closely follow current developments from news sources.

Tips on how to write a brief news report:

MAKE-UP EXAMS

Make-ups for the mid-term and final exams will be given only under exceptional circumstances. Only those students, who are able to officially document their excuses, will be allowed to take the make-up exams. Medical reports should be approved by the Koc University Medical Center. Even if the student provides official documentation, the professor retains the right to judge the validity of the student’s excuse and may still decide not to allow the student to take the make-up exam.

If there is a need, the professor will announce the time and place of the make-up exam. If the student also misses the make-up exam, for whatever reason, he or she automatically receives a zero.

ACADEMIC HONESTY

Honesty and trust are important to all of us as individuals. Students and faculty adhere to the following principles of academic honesty at Koc University:

1) Individual accountability for all individual work, written or oral. Copying from others or providing answers or information, written or oral, to others is cheating.

2) Providing proper acknowledgment of original author. Copying from another student’s paper or from another text without written acknowledgment is plagiarism.

3) Study or project group activity is effective and authorized teamwork. Unauthorized help from another person or having someone else write one’s paper or assignment is collusion.

Cheating, plagiarism and collusion are serious offences resulting in an F grade and disciplinary action.

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