Practice Exam IV from old Emery Exams (Part I)
1. Which of the following is the only known naturally occurring auxin?
A) zeatin C) IAA B) 2, 4-D D) ABA E) TCA
2. Which plant hormone is most closely associated with cell division?
A) ethylene B) brassinosteroids C) abscisic acid D) phytochrome E) cytokinin
3. Whay are auxins transported mainly downward from the apical bud in a stem?
A) because only phloem transports auxin B) because auxin can only enter cells at the top
C) because auxin can only leave cells at the bottom D) because auxin cannot exit plant cells
E) because auxin only travel in xylem
4. What plant hormone is a gas which induces fruit ripening?
A) auxin B) gibberellin C) cytokinin D) ethylene E) brassinosteroids
5. The application of which of the following hormones would be a logical first choice in an attempt to produce normal growth in mutant dwarf plants?
A) indoleacetic acid B) gibberellin C) cytokininD) abscisic acid E) ethylene
6. Which of the following is not true of phytochromes?
A) red light converts Pr to Pfr B) Pfr converts to Pr slowly in the dark
C) Deep shade causes conversion of Pfr to Pr D) In normal daylight there is a balance between Pr and Pfr
E) Pr is the biologically active form
7. In order to flower, what does a short-day plant need?
A) a burst of red light in the middle of the night B) a burst of far-red light in the middle of the night
C) a day that is longer than a certain length D) a higher ratio of Pr:Pfr
E) a night that is longer than a certain length
8. What are circadian rhythms?
A) seasonal changes in activityB) daily changes in activity C) changes in activity controlled by light cycle
D) changes in activity controlled by internal timing mechanisms E) both B and D are true
9. What type of response in plants is controlled by phytochrome?
A) apical dominanceB) photoperiodismC) gravitropismD) phototropism E) thigmotropism
10. Cartilage is an example of which of the following types of tissue?
A) connective B) reproductive C) nervousD) epithelial E) adipose
11. What type of tissue in animals has tight (occluding) cell to cell junctions between cells?
A) epithelia B) muscle C) connective E) skeletal D) nervous
12. What animal tissue type has a lot of non-cellular material in it?
A) nervousB) connective C) epithelia D) muscle
13. Where would smooth muscle be found in the body?
A) attached to bones B) in the heart C) in the walls of blood vessels D) in the intestines E) both C and D
14. In what type of tissue are fibroblasts found?
A) epithelia B) connective C) muscle D) nervous
15. Where in vertebrate digestive tract does most enzymatic digestion occur?
A) the mouthB) the esophagusC) the stomachD) the small intestine E) the large intestine
16. What organ secretes bile?
A) the gall bladder B) the pancreasC) the liverD) the intestine E) the stomach
17. In what part of the vertebrate digestive tract are villi found?
A) the mouth B) the stomach C) the esophagusD) the small intestine E) the large intestine
18. Which of the following are true of herbivorous animals?
A) they have long or complex digestive tractsB) they are macrophagous
C) they rely on microorganisms to help digest their food D) they eat only plants E) all of the above are true
19. What does amylase produced by the salivary glands in vertebrates digest?
A) starchB) proteins C) fatsD) proteins and fats E) starch and protein
20. What vertebrates have circulatory systems in which the systemic and respiratory loops are completely separated anatomically?
A) fish B) reptiles C) amphibianD) birds and mammals E) reptiles and amphibia
21. What part of the heart of mammals pumps blood to the lungs?
A) the right atrium B) the left atrium C) the right ventricleD) the left ventricle E) both ventricles
22. What blood vessels have pores in their walls?
A) arteries B) veinsC) capillaries D) all of these
23. What controls the rate and rhythm of contraction of the heart in vertebrates?
A) modified heart muscle cells that generate electrical signals B) signals to the heart muscle via autonomic neurons
C) chemical signals released my nerves from the spinal cord D) inherent rhythmic contractions of the muscle itself
E) a combination of all of these
24. What phenomenon does the Starling effect describe?
A) movement of oxygen from the bloodB) movement of fluid into capillaries
C) movement fluid in opposite directions in gillsD) movement of food through the digestive tract
E) circulation of blood through the lungs
25. In what group of animals does respiratory exchange occur in tubules called parabronchi?
A) insects B) fishC) birdsD) mammals E) all vertebrates
26. What is the advantage of countercurrent flow in the fish gill?
A) maximum heat retentionB) maximum blood pressure C) maximum fluid retention
D) maximum respiratory exchangeE) maximum salt retention
27. The effect of pH on the attraction of blood pigments for oxygen is described by what physiological principle?
A) the countercurrent exchange principle B) the Bohr shift C) the Starling effect
D) the law of the heartE) water potential
28. What respiratory pigment is commonly found it crustacean and mollusks?
A) hemocyanin B) hemoglobin C) hemerythrinD) albumin E) immunoglobulin
29. Tracheal tubes that deliver air directly to the tissues are used for respiration by what animals?
A) birds B) reptilesC) insects D) molluscs E) all vertebrates
30. What nitrogenous waste is most toxic to cells?
A) urea B) uric acid C) amino acidsD) ammonia E) nitrogen gas
Answers
1. C
2. E
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. E
7. E
8. E
9. B
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. E
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. B
18. E
19. A
20. D
21. C
22. C
23. A
24. B
25. C
26. D
27. B
28. A
29. C
30. D
Practice Exam IV from old Emery Exams (Part I)
31. What excretory process occurs in the renal corpuscles (Bowman’s capsules) of vertebrate kidney?
A) absorption B) secretionC) Filtration
32. What function of the vertebrate kidney is assisted by the salt gradient created by the loop of Henle?
A) filtrationB) reabsorption of salt C) sectetion of wastesD) reabsorption of organic molecules E) reabsorption of water
33. What nitrogenous waste can be excreted with the least loss of water?
A) ammoniaB) uric acid C) urea
34. What drives the process of filtration in the kidney?
A) active transport B) osmosisC) diffusion D) countercurrent exchange E) blood pressure
35. What connects the kidney to the urinary bladder in vertebrates?
A) the ureterB) the loop of HenleC) the urethraD) the nephron E) the glomerulus
36. How does antidiuretic hormone cause more concentrated urine to be produced?
A) it increases filtrationB) it increases absorption by the loop of Henle
C) it increases absorption in the proximal tubuleD) it increases water absorption in collecting ducts
E) it reduces blood pressure
37. Which of the following animal groups would be expected to produce the most dilute urine?
A) fresh-water animals B) marine animals C) terrestrial animals D) desert animals
38. What agent do cartilaginous fish use to regulate their blood osmotic concentration?
A) saltB) urea C) albuminD) ammonia E) TMAO
39. Which of the following consists of capillaries?
A) collecting tubule B) loop of Henle C) distal tubuleD) Bowman's capsule E) glomerulus
40. The peripheral nervous system is
a. sensory and motor neuronsb. the brain and spinal cord c. contains oligodendrocytes d. is composed of astrocytes
41. The autonomic nervous system affects
a. skeletal musclesb. controls smooth muscles
c. includes the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systemsd. a and ce. b and c
42. Schwann cells
a. send and receive stimuli in the PNSb. from the myelin sheath in the PNS
c. form the blood-brain barrierd. send and receive stimuli throughout the whole nervous system
43. The axon
a. receives stimulib. send impulsesc. regulates cell processesd. all of the above
44. Myelination serves to
a. speed up signal transduction b. stimulate the autonomic nervous system
c. protect the neurons d. regulate the membrane potential
45. Interneurons
a. connect sensory neurons to motor neuronsb. make up most of the neurons in the human body
c. are mostly in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and spinal cordd. all of the above
46. At rest the neuron membrane potential is characterized by having
a. more K+ outside the cell b. more Na+ outside the cell c. more Ca++ inside the cell d. more protein outside the cell
47. The opening of Na+ channels causes depolarization, if the threshold is met the next step is
a. more Na+ channels openb. K+ channels openc. K+ channels closed. neurotransmitters are released
48. Order the processes of synaptic transmission\
a. diffusion of neurotransmitter across synaptic cleft b. neurotransmitter secreted by presynaptic cell
c. neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic celld. depolarization or hyperpolarization occurs in postsynaptic cell
49. The cerebellum is important for
a. reflexes b. sensory input c. consciousness and awakening d. motor control and coordination
50. Which nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord?
a. central nervous systemb. peripheral nervous system
51. Peripheral nervous system contains
a. somatic nervous systemb. autonomic nervous systemc. both
52. Which of the following is not a nervous system cell type?
a. neurogliab. neuronc. cell bodyd. sympathetic
53. The part of the neuron that receives stimulus input is the
a. axonb. dendritec. terminal bud
54. The function of the myelin sheath is to decrease the speed of signals
a. trueb. false
55. When at rest the membrane potential is said to be
a. polarizedb. negativec. at thresholdd. both a and b
56. Homeostasis is used to
a. maintain the body’s temperatureb. maintain optimal volume in cells, organ, etc.
c. maintain composition of body fluidsd. all of the above
57. Substrate feeders ______, an example is ______.
a. consume large pieces of food, peopleb. consumer large pieces of food, baleen whales
c. live on or in their food source, peopled. live on or in their food source, earthworms
59. Gastrovascular cavities are similar to circulatory systems because
a. both distribute nutrientsb. both aid in digestion
c. both pump bloodd. all of the above
60. Arteries
a. carry blood back to the heart b. carry blood away from the heartc. allow gas, nutrient, or waste exchanged. have valves
61. The three chambered heart is characteristic of
a. insectsb. fistc. amphibiansd. mammals
62. Which contracts first
a. the left side of the heartb. the right side of the heartc. the ventriclesd. the atria
62.5. The heart maintains it’s own rhythm starting at the
a. sinoatrial nodeb. atrioventricular nodec. semilunar valved. atrioventricular valve
63. The blood vessels with the most smooth muscle are the
a. arteries b. veinsc. capillariesd. all blood vessels have about the same amount
64. Countercurrent exchange
a. is when water flow from the gill through the mouth
b. associates more oxygenated blood with more oxygenated water and less oxygenated blood with less oxygenated water
c. is the gas exchange system used by insectsd. involves the exhalation of carbon dioxide
65. In the tracheal system
a. a heart like organ mixes air and hemolymphb. water flows from the mouth through the gills
c. tubes connect tissues to the outside of the bodyd. birds can exhales all the air from their lungs
66. At the alveoli
a. carbon dioxide enters the blood streamb. oxygen enters the blood stream
c. carbon dioxide leaves the blood streamd. oxygen leaves the blood stream
e. a and df. c and b
67. Oxygen is captured from the air by ______
a. hemolymphb. chemoreceptorsc. hemoglobind. mitochondria
68. Osmoregulation serves to
a. control body water and solute concentrationsb. conserve water when eliminating wastes
c. all of the aboved. none of the above
69. Which nitrogenous waste product is most concentrated?
a. uric acidb. ureac. urea acidd. urica
70. Animals that do not actively adjust their internal osmolarity refers to ______an example is ______.
a. Osmoconformers, all fresh water animalsb. Osmoconformers, some marine animals
c. Osmoregulators, all fresh water animalsd. Osmoregulators, some marine animals
71. During the production of urine, which of the following steps comes first?
a. Filtration of the blood, coelomic fluid, or hemolymph
b. Selective reabsorption of valuables from the filtrate
c. Secretion of additional substances into the filtrate
d. transfer of toxins from the liver to the kidneys
Answers
31. C
32. E
33. B
34. E
35. A
36. D
37. A
38. B
39. E
40. A
41. E
42. B
43. B
44. A
45. D
46. B
47. A
48. BACD
49. D
50. A
51. C
52. D
53. B
54. B
55. D
56. D
57. D
58. deleted
59. A
60. B
61. C
62. D
62.5 A
63. B
64. B
65. C
66. F
67. C
68. C
69. A
70. B
71. A