Accelerating ECOWAP/CAADP implementation
Support for the implementation of the regional Offensive for sustainable and sustained recovery of rice production in West Africa Programme
With the support of:
Contents
1 General introduction 3
1.1 Brief reminder of the ECOWA/CAADP process 3
1.2 The ECOWAP/CAADP Pillars 3
1.3 Accelerating the ECOWAP/CAADP implementation 3
2 Background and Rationale 3
2.1 Regional trends in demand and consumption of rice 3
2.2 The recent performance of rice production 3
2.2.1 Increasingly significant production and productivity gains 3
2.2.2 Changes in production systems 3
2.2.3 Production potential and main basins 3
2.3 The dynamics of processing systems and methods 3
2.4 The regional and international rice market 3
2.4.1 A market exposed to the international market imperfections 3
2.4.2 A weak integration of the local rice market 3
2.4.3 : Regulation and barriers to regional trade 3
2.4.4 The uncetainities of the international rice market 3
2.5 Overview of past and current rice programmes and projects 3
2.5.1 The case of the African Union and the Economic Commission for Africa. 3
2.5.2 The case of research institutions 3
2.5.3 The UEMOA initiatives 3
2.5.4 The ECOWAS initiatives 3
2.5.5 The Civil Society initiatives. 3
2.5.6 State experiences 3
2.6 Scope and limitations of rice development programmes and projects in West Africa. 3
2.7 Challenges, issues and opportunities in the development of rice growing 3
2.7.1 Challenges and issues 3
2.7.2 The opportunities in West African rice production. 3
3 General orientation of the Programme 3
3.1 Basic assumptions and scope of the programme 3
3.1.1 Potential scenarios for increased production. 3
3.2 Scope of the programme 3
3.3 Programme duration 3
3.4 Purpose of the programme 3
3.5 Overall objective 3
3.6 Specific objective 3
4 intervention logic of the programme 3
4.1 Axis1: Increasing rice production sustainably 3
Axis 2: Transforming and enhancing the value of local rice production 3
4.2 Axis3: Promoting the regional market of local rice 3
4.3 Axis 4: Improving the environment for rice development 3
5 Budgzt structure 3
6 Assessment of the economic and social impact of the programme 3
7 Programme implementation mechanisms 3
7.1 Policy management Le pilotage politique et le suivi évaluation 3
7.2 Coordination and consultation amongst programme actors and strategies; 3
7.3 Technical implementation of activities 3
8 Programme financing 3
8.1 The role of States in financing 3
8.2 The contribution of the ECOWAS and UEMOA Commissions. 3
8.3 Private funding 3
9 Safeguard and accompanying measures 3
9.1 Assumptions and risks 3
9.1.1 Effects of climate change and variability 3
9.1.2 Financial resource mobilization 3
9.1.3 Ccoordination amongst different institutions at different scales 3
9.1.4 Political stability and security 3
9.2 Addtional measures 3
9.2.1 Land tenure security 3
9.2.2 Establishment of appropriate trade policy 3
10: ANNEXES Erreur! Signet non défini.
List of tables
Table 1:Rice consumption growth rate (annual %) for someAfrican regions over the period 2000–2012. (USDA data, 2013) 3
Table 2: West African average rice paddy production (metric tonnes) 3
Table 3: Evolution of rice acreage in West Africa (hectares) 3
Table 4: Average annual growth rate of rice production, acreage and yields in West Africa (2000-2010) 3
Table 5: Distribution of acreage based on production ecologies (2009) 3
Table 6: Ground and surface water resources in 2011 3
Table 7: Irrigation potentiel in 2011 3
Table 8: Potential yield per major rice production area per country 3
Table 9: Mapping of NRDS of West African States 3
Table 10: Scenario-based foreign exchange savings in 2015 and 2025 (US$ million) 3
Table 11: Budget structure based on axes 3
Table 12: Budget breakdown per axes, results and years 3
Table 13: ECOWAS import and export variations, , 2014-2025 (%) 3
Table 14: Simplified framework of results and monitoring indicators 3
Table 15: West Africa’s populaiton growth 2012-25 3
Table 16: Evolution of GDP per capita in West Africa, 2012-25 3
Table 17: Estimates of internal resource costs in some countries, based on ecologies 3
Table 18: Evolution of production and consumption (ECOWAS) in scenario 1 3
Table 19: Evolution of production and consumption (ECOWAS +Mauritania+ Chad) in scenario 1 3
Table 20: Evolution of production and consumption (CILSS) in scenario 1 3
Table 21: Evolution of production and consumption (UEMOA) in scenario 1 3
Table 22: Expected production gains in different systems (ECOWAS) in scenario 1 3
Table 23: Expected production gains in the different systems (ECOWAS+Mauritania+Chad) in scenario 1 3
Table 24: Expected production gains in the different systems (CILSS) in scenario 1 3
Table 25: Expected production gains in the different systems (UEMOA) in scenario 1 3
Table 26: Number of rice farming households targeted in the different systems (ECOWAS) in scenario1 3
Table27: Number of rice farming households targeted in the different systems (ECOWAS+Mauritania+Chad) in scenario 1 3
Table 28: Number of rice farming households targeted in the different systems (CILSS) in scenario 1 3
Table 29: Number of rice farming households targeted in the different systems (UEMOA) in scenario 1 3
Table 30 Number of rice farming households for training/exension (ECOWAS) in scenario1 3
Table 31: Number of rice farming households for training/extension (ECOWAS+Mauritania+Chad) in scenario 1 3
List of figures
Figure 1: Food availability in calories/day/capita of major cereals in West Africa 13
Figure 2: Evolution of the gap between production and consumtion in West Africa 14
Figure 3: Evolution of the gap between production and consumption in West Africa 35
Figure 4: Evolution of rice consumption and production in West Africa, 2010-25 37
Figure 5: Projection of apparent consumption per capita, 2012-2025 (Kilogramme) 38
Figure 6: Evolution of ECOWAS net imports 72
Figure 7: Evolution of ECOWAS self-sufficiency 72
Figure 8: ECOWAS agricultural and non-agricultural growth 73
Figure 9: ECOWAS economic growth 74
Figure 10: Job creation, period 2014-2025 74
Figure 11: Evolution of the consumption of rice and other food poducts 75
List of acronyms and abbreviations
AFAO/WAWA / Association des Femmes de l’Afrique de l’Ouest/West African Women’s AssociationAfricaRice / Centre Africain pour le Riz/Africa Rice Centre
ARAA/RAAF / Agence Régionale pour l’Agriculture et l’Alimentation/Regional Agency for Agricultural and Food
ASS/SSA / Afrique Sub Saharienne/Sub-Saharan Africa
BAD/AfDB / Banque Africaine de Développement/African Development Bank
BIDC/EBID / Banque d’Investissement et de Développement de la CEDEAO/ECOWAS Bank for Investment and Development
BOAD / Banque Ouest Africaine de Développement/West African Development Bank
CCAA/ACAF / Comité Consultatif pour l’Agriculture et l’Alimentation/Advisory Committee for Agriculture and Food
CEA/ECA / Commission Economique pour l’Afrique/Economic Commission for Africa
CEDEAO/ECOWAS / Communauté Economique des Etats de l’Afrique de l’Ouest/Economic Community of West African States
CER/REC / Communauté Economique Régionale/Regional Economic Community
CIAA/ICAF / Comité inter départements pour l’Agriculture et l’Alimentation/Inter-departments Committee for Agriculture and Food
CILSS / Comité Inter Etats de Lutte Contre la Sècheresse au Sahel/Permanent Inter-state Committee for Drought control in the Sahel
CIRAD / Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement/International Cooperation Centre for Agronomic Research for Devlopment
CORAF /WECARD / Conseil Ouest et Centre Africain pour la recherché agricole et le Développement/West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and Development
CRC_OP R / Cadre Régional de Concertation des Organisations de producteurs du Riz de l’Afrique de l’Ouest/Regional Consultative Framework of West African Rice Farmers.
CSAO/SWAC / Club du sahel et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest/Sahel and West Africa Club
DADR/DARD / Direction de l’Agriculture et du Développement Rural/Directorate of Agriculture and Rural Development
DD/CD / Droit de Douane/Customs duties
ECOAGRIS / Système d’information agricole de la CEDEAO/ECOWAS Agricultural Information System
ECOWADF / Fonds Régional pour l’Agriculture et l’Alimentation/ECOWAS Agricultural Development Fund
ECOWAP / Politique Agricole de la CEDEAO/ECOWAS Agricultural Policy
FAO / Organisation des Nations unies pour l’Agriculture et l’Alimentation/United Nations Organisation for Food and Agriculture
FRDA / Fonds Régional pour le Développement Agricole/Regional Agricultural Development Fund
GGIAR / Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
ICRISAT / International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
IFPRI / International Food Policy Research Institute
IITA / Institut International d’Agriculture tropicale /International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
JICA / Agence de Coopération Japonaise/Japanese International Cooperation Agency
OCDE/OECD / Organisation Commune pour le développement Economique/Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
OIG/IGO / Organisation Inter Gouvernementale/Inter-Governmental Organisation
OMD/MDG / Objectif du Millénaire pour le Développement/Millennium Development Goal
OMVS / Organisation pour la mise en valeur du fleuve Sénégal/Organisation for the Development of the Senegal River
ONG/NGO / Organisation Non Gouvernementale/Non Governmental Organisation
OP/PO / Organisation des Producteurs/Producer Organisation
PAU / Politique Agricole Commune/Common Agricultural Policy
PDDAA/CAADP / Programme Détaillé de Développement de l’Agriculture Africaine/Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme
PIB/GDP / Produit Intérieur Brut/Gross Domestic Product
PME/SMSE / Petite et Moyenne Entreprise/Small and Medium-sized Enterprise
PNIA/NAIP / Programme National d’Investissement Agricole/National Agricultural Investment Programme
PRIA/RAIP / Programme Régional d’Investissement Agricole/Regional Agricultural Investment Programme
PTF/TFP / Partenaire Technique et financier/Technical and Financial Partner
RESIMAO/WAMIS-NET / Réseau des Systèmes d’Information sur les Marchés de l’Afrique de l’Ouest/West African Market Information System Network
ROAC / Réseau ouest Africain des Céréaliers/West Africa Cereal Network
ROPPA / Réseau des Organisations Paysannes et des Producteurs agricoles de l’Afrique de l’ouest/Network of West African Farmer and Agricultural Producer Organisations
SNDR/NRDS / Stratégie Nationale de Développement du Riz/National Rice Development Strategy
SNRA/NARS / Système National de Recherche Agricole/National Agricultural Research System
TEC/CET / Tarif Extérieur Commun/Common External Tariff
TVA/VAT / Taxe sur le Valeur ajoutée/Value Added Tax
UA/AU / Union Africaine/African Union
UEMOA / Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine/West African Economic and Monetary Union
1 General introduction
1.1 Brief reminder of the ECOWAP/CAADP process
1. Planned as part of sectoral policies to be implemented by the ECOWAS Revised Treaty, the agricultural policy of the Economic Community of West African States was adopted in January 2005, in Accra, Republic of Ghana, following a lengthy participatory and inclusive process. Through this act, the ECOWAS adopted a major policy instrument to ensure thorough transformation of agriculture in the region, with the dual aim not only to consolidate the process of regional integration underway, but also to ensure food and nutrition security of the people in different countries of the Community.
2. The agricultural sector employs over 60% of the regional population, contributes about 36% to the creation of wealth, 16% to export earnings, 30% if oil is excluded, and provides more than 80% of regional food needs. It is therefore a strategic sector for the regional economy, a sector which, however, faces a high prevalence of poverty because of many difficulties mainly associated with low productivity.
3. The regional agricultural policy, ECOWAP/CAADP, taking into account the regional context marked by rapid population growth, rapid urbanization, the weight of smallholders in the regional agricultural economy, registers its action in the context of a “modern and sustainable agriculture, based on effective and efficient family farms and the promotion of agricultural enterprises through private sector involvement. Productive and competitive on the intra-community market as well as on international markets, it must ensure food security and generate decent incomes for those active in the sector”.
4. The primary objective of the agricultural policy is to “contribute sustainably to meeting the food needs of the people, economic and social development and poverty reduction in Member States, as well as inequalities between and amongst territories, zones and countries”. The ECOWAP, which is the West Africa component of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), has the ambition to give the regional agriculture its multi-functionality in order to make it a tool for economic and social development and poverty reduction.
1.2 The ECOWAP/CAADP Pillars
5. The ECOWAP implementation is based on programmes, public policy incentive instruments and an innovative institutional framework, funding mechanisms that allow the region to provide its leadership over all actions carried out by the different actors, at various levels.
6. So, after adopting in 2005 a first action plan that helped to ensure consistency between most of current interventions in the agricultural sector, the ECOWAS Commission defined two types of investment programmes, at both national and regional levels:
· Nationally, the National Agricultural Investment Programmes (NAIP) address the concerns and priorities for agricultural development in each country. They reflect national aspirations of agricultural, animal, fisheries and forestry development in the different States. They are developed in a consensual and participatory manner with the contribution of all stakeholders and are regarded as the reference framework for interventions in the agricultural sector in each country. The NAIPs are the quantified expression of the volume of investment needed in order to hope to reap at least 6% growth rate in the agricultural sector, a rate considered necessary to halve the incidence of poverty by 2015 (achieving MDG 1);
· At the regional level, the Regional Agricultural Investment Programme (RAIP) aims at providing suitable answers to the many problems that hinder agricultural development. Thus, it combines material investment and public policy reforms (instruments and measures) to better anticipate the agricultural policy objectives. It complements the NAIPs, addresses the regional dimensions, manages interdependencies between countries and organises their cooperation on common issues. It is focused on three main specific objectives: (i) the promotion of strategic products for food sovereignty, (ii) the promotion of an environment conducive to agricultural development and (iii) improving access to food for vulnerable populations. Costing a total of $ 900 million over five years, the RAIP will be financed up to $150 million from the ECOWAS Commission’s own resources.
7. Three categories of public policy instruments and measures are promoted by the agricultural policy. The first category concerns instruments of production intensification focused on facilitating access to agricultural inputs, veterinary products and other animal feed, through co-funding operations, subsidies, denser networks of seed and fertilizer dealers, etc. The second category of instruments addresses the regulation of agricultural markets: border regulation (customs duties and other safeguards) and internal regulation (establishment of frameworks for dialogue and other economic instruments, including storage, stock exchanges and trade fairs). Te third category of instruments aims at improving access to food for vulnerable populations through the deployment of social safety nets and the implementation of contingency plans, at the national as well as regional level.