Curriculum Standards and Indicators

Leadership and Teamwork

Developing Knowledge of Self and Others

A. Understand that knowledge of self and others is the foundation of leadership.

1. Evaluate personal self-image.

A101Compare one’s own interests, values, and skills with those of selected effective leaders.

A102Evaluate one’s own desire for leadership roles in the local, state, national, and world communities.

A103Define ways to capitalize on individual strengths and improve areas of personal weakness.

2. Evaluate personal behaviors.

A201Recognize the ongoing benefits of self-analysis.

A202Evaluate one’s decisions and actions in terms of short- and long-term consequences.

A203Evaluate one’s behaviors in terms of their positive or negative effects on others.

A204Apply self-management techniques.

3. Use knowledge of others to improve one’s leadership skills.

A301Create strategies to utilize the strengths and diminish the limitations of group members.

A302Demonstrate ways to organize and delegate responsibilities.

A303Encourage ideas, perspectives, and contributions of all group members.

A304Use leadership skills to encourage cooperation and collaboration among groups with different needs and concerns.

Defining Leadership

B. Understand how characteristics, relationships and context interact in leadership roles.

1. Analyze the characteristics of leaders.

B101Identify and discuss effective leadership qualities, such as integrity and wisdom (in addition to setting of limits, tolerance, self-reliance, initiative, charisma, competence, honesty, care for others, civility, fairness, responsibility, courage, and reliability).

B102Explain how leadership traits apply to many aspects of life, such as economic and political systems, scientific discoveries, mathematical reasoning, and artistic endeavors.

B103Examine leadership theories that explore different styles/types of leadership.

2. Analyze the complex relationship between the leader and the follower.

B201Critically analyze situations in which followers become leaders.

B203Analyze and understand the dynamic relationship between the leader and the follower.

3. Evaluate the role of context in the process of leadership.

B301Analyze the influence of different contexts on leadership, such as gender, ethnicity, political affiliation, religion, and socio-economics.

B302Understand that as contexts change, leaders may become followers, and followers may become leaders.

B303Evaluate the effects of changing situations upon leadership roles in the family, classroom, school, community, state, nation, and world.

Developing Leadership Skills and Practices

C. Understand the functions of effective leadership.

1. Communicate effectively in pairs, small groups, teams, and large groups.

C101Suspend judgment until all ideas are expressed.

C102Interpret and synthesize ideas.

C103Present personal ideas as well as those of others in a clear, concise, and effective manner.

C104Balance personal expression with others’ contributions.

C105Distinguish between fact and opinion.

C106Work toward consensus in heterogeneous groups.

C107Facilitate the mediation of conflict.

C108Motivate team members individually and collectively to collaborate to achieve a common purpose.

2. Analyze and refine decision-making skills.

C201Implement, monitor progress toward, and evaluate solutions.

C202Support group decisions.

C203Adjust group decisions according to changes within or outside the group.

C204Refine skills in parliamentary procedure to facilitate meetings or discussions.

3. Evaluate the relationship between personal vision and the group vision.

C301Present one’s personal vision to a group, using persuasive techniques.

C302Compare one’s personal vision with that of a group.

C303Recognize the necessity for compromise in various leadership situations.

C304Motivate others to act according to the group’s vision.

Practicing Leadership

D. Understand how leadership can be demonstrated at the workplace.

1. Analyze leadership at the workplace

D101Identify leadership positions and opportunities at the workplace.

D102Assess the leadership qualities of various leaders at the workplace

D103Identify experience and educational preparation necessary for assuming leadership positions at the workplace

2. Practice leadership through CTSO activities.

D201Evaluate needs within the school, local community, state and nation.

D202Set goals for a CTSO activity.

D203Develop a plan to achieve the established goals for the CTSO activity.

D204Build teamwork among CTSO activity participants.

D205Demonstrate effective decision making.

D206Manage conflict within the CTSO activity.

Adapted from “Linking Leadership and Instruction: A Leadership Development Curriculum for VirginiaPublic Schools.” Virginia Board of Education, August, 2003.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT A1

Topic / Developing Knowledge of Self and Others
Performance Indicator
/ A. Understand that knowledge of self and others is the foundation of leadership.
Standard
/ 1. Evaluate personal self-image.
SCANS
/ Thinking Skills 7, 12; Personal Qualities 14, 16, 17
Show-Me Standards
/ 1.6; 1.10; 4.3; SS6
Objectives
/ A101
A102
A103 / Compare one’s own interests, values, and skills with those of selected effective leaders.
Evaluate one’s own desire for leadership roles in the local, state, national, and world communities.
Define ways to capitalize on individual strengths and improve areas of personal weakness.
Sample Activities
/ Write a paragraph describing how you think a certain leader was as a student your age. 1. What do you suppose were their strengths and weaknesses? 2. How do those compare with how you see yourself as a potential leader? Share your paragraph and answer to question 1 with the class. Keep your response to question 2 for your future reference.
List three leadership positions at the local, state or national levels. What are the benefits and disadvantages of each? Discuss your answers with the class.
Read a biography of a leader of your choice. Write a book report to share with the class. Include the characteristics which you think contributed to their leadership success.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT A2

Topic / Developing Knowledge of Self and Others
Performance Indicator
/ A. Understand that knowledge of self and others is the foundation of leadership.
Standard
/ 2. Evaluate personal behaviors.
SCANS
/ Resources 4; Interpersonal 9; Personal Qualities 14, 16
Show-Me Standards
/ 1.2; 3.5; 4.3; SS6
Objectives
/ A201
A202
A203
A204 / Recognize the ongoing benefits of self-analysis.
Evaluate one’s decisions and actions in terms of short- and long-term consequences.
Evaluate one’s behaviors in terms of their positive or negative effects on others.
Apply self-management techniques.
Sample Activities
/ Write a brief case problem where the actions of one employee at work had a negative impact on another. Describe the reason for the action and how the situation could have been handled differently. Share the case study with the class.
Identify a decision you made three or four years ago that affects your life today. Were you aware of the potential long term effect at the time you made the decision? Would you make the same decision again? What could have caused you to make a different decision, and how would your life be different now if you had? Write your responses in a personal journal for your own reference.
Create a time or financial budget. Identify where you want to make improvements to meet your goals. Record your time or money expenditures for a month and report on how your expenditures matched your budget.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT A3

Topic / Developing Knowledge of Self and Others
Performance Indicator
/ A. Understand that knowledge of self and others is the foundation of leadership.
Standard
/ 3. Use knowledge of others to improve one’s leadership skills.
SCANS
/ Resources 4; Interpersonal 9, 13, 14

Show-Me Standards

/ 1.10; 2.3; 3.3; 4.1; 4.6; CA6; SS6

Objectives

/ A301
A302
A303
A304 / Create strategies to utilize the strengths and diminish the limitations of group members.
Demonstrate ways to organize and delegate responsibilities.
Encourage ideas, perspectives, and contributions of all group members.
Use leadership skills to encourage cooperation and collaboration among groups with different needs and concerns.

Sample Activities

/ Lead a brainstorming session on ideas for a community service project. After the session have the group members critique the process in a discussion format.
Create an organizational chart for a fund raising project. Assign class members to the various positions. Provide a brief explanation of your rationale for the assignments. Submit your chart to the teacher.
Conduct a role play exercise where you are the city mayor and two groups having different opinions about the building of a new fire house. Lead the meeting so that both groups provide their side, identify common ideas, and areas of conflict.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT B1

Topic / Defining Leadership

Performance Indicator

/ B. Understand how characteristics, relationships and context interact in leadership roles.

Standard

/ 1. Analyze the characteristics of leaders.

SCANS

/ Information 7; Interpersonal 10, 12; Basic Skills 6

Show-Me Standards

/ 1.8; 1.10; 4.1; SS6

Objectives

/ B101
B102
B103 / Identify and discuss effective leadership qualities, such as integrity, wisdom, initiative, charisma, responsibility, and courage.
Explain how leadership traits apply to many aspects of life, such as economic and political systems, scientific discoveries, mathematical reasoning, and artistic endeavors.
Examine leadership theories that explore different styles/types of leadership.

Sample Activities

/ Select someone you consider to be a leader, and identify what qualities there are about that person which you believe make them an effective leader. Share your ideas in a class discussion.
Identify three situations which might require different leadership styles. Describe the style you think would be most effective in that situation and why.
Create a list of local and state leadership positions. Describe the leadership qualities which you think are particularly important for each position. Share your list in a class discussion.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT B2

Topic / Defining Leadership

Performance Indicator

/ B. Understand how characteristics, relationships and context interact in leadership roles.

Standard

/ 2. Analyze the complex relationship between the leader and the follower.

SCANS

/ Resources 4; Information 5; Interpersonal 12; Systems 15; Thinking Skills 12

Show-Me Standards

/ 1.10; 3.5; 4.3; SS6

Objectives

/ B201
B202 / Critically analyze situations in which followers become leaders.
Analyze and understand the dynamic relationship between the leader and the follower.

Sample Activities

/ Read a biography of a national leader. In a report describe the situation that led that person to assume a leadership role and what characteristics made them successful in that role. Present your information to the class.
Identify someone at school you consider a leader. Keep a journal for one week in which you enter your observations about positive and negative leadership actions taken by that person. At the end of the week summarize your observations in a short paper submitted to your teacher.
Prepare a skit with members of your class which demonstrates the role the leader plays in building or destroying morale among the group. When you perform the skit ask the audience to summarize the main points of the skit.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT B3

Topic / Defining Leadership

Performance Indicator

/ B. Understand how characteristics, relationships and context interact in leadership roles.

Standard

/ 3. Evaluate the role of context in the process of leadership.

SCANS

/ Information 7; Interpersonal 14; Systems 16; Thinking Skills 8

Show-Me Standards

/ 1.1; 1.9; 1.10; 4.3; SS2, SS6

Objectives

/ B301
B302
B303 / Analyze the influence of different contexts on leadership, such as gender, ethnicity, political affiliation, religion, and socio-economics.
Understand that as contexts change, leaders may become followers, and followers may become leaders.
Evaluate the effects of changing situations upon leadership roles in the family, classroom, school, community, state, nation, and world.

Sample Activities

/ Prepare a poster of famous leadership quotes. Explain the quote and your reason for selecting it in a class presentation.
Form teams to conduct a simple leadership exercise. Take turns being the team leader. How did each leader perform differently? How did the leadership change as people learned from the previous leader? Share your ideas in a class discussion.
Identify a national issue. In a class discussion describe how that issue is changing the leadership requirements of those who deal with that issue.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT C1

Topic / Developing Leadership Skills and Practices

Performance Indicator

/ C. Understand the functions of effective leadership.

Standard

/ 1. Communicate effectively in pairs, small groups, teams, and large groups.

SCANS

/ Resources 4; Interpersonal 9, 12, 13, 14; Basic Skills 9; Personal Qualities 15

Show-Me Standards

/ 2.1; 2.3; 3.5; 3.7; 3.8; 4.6

Objectives

/ C101
C102
C103
C104
C105
C106
C107
C108 / Suspend judgment until all ideas are expressed.
Interpret and synthesize ideas.
Present personal ideas as well as those of others in a clear, concise, and effective manner.
Balance personal expression with others’ contributions.
Distinguish between fact and opinion.
Work toward consensus in heterogeneous groups.
Facilitate the mediation of conflict.
Motivate team members individually and collectively to collaborate to achieve a common purpose.

Sample Activities

/ Conduct a panel discussion on an issue of importance in your school. Ask the audience and panel members to critique your skill in leading the discussion.
Attend a school board or city council meeting. In a brief report to the class note the role of leadership in conducting the business of the meeting, how members conducted themselves in discussing the issues, and how conflicts were resolved.
Describe the difference between a boss and a leader in a written report. Cite examples of both from the workplace and your personal life. How are they the same? How are they different?

Leadership and Teamwork – LT C2

Topic / Developing Leadership Skills and Practices

Performance Indicator

/ C. Understand the functions of effective leadership.

Standard

/ 2. Analyze and refine decision-making skills.

SCANS

/ Interpersonal 9, 12, 13; Systems 16, Thinking Skills 9

Show-Me Standards

/ 3.2; 3.3; 3.7; 3.8; 4.5; SS3

Objectives

/ C201
C202
C203
C204 / Implement, monitor progress toward, and evaluate solutions.
Support group decisions.
Adjust group decisions according to changes within or outside the group.
Refine skills in parliamentary procedure to facilitate meetings or discussions.

Sample Activities

/ Prepare an agenda and conduct a meeting using basic principles of parliamentary procedure.
Create an activity chart for a specific school or work activity. Include activity goal, time lines, person(s) responsible, budget, and how the success of that activity will be evaluated. Share your chart with the class for critique and review. After revisions submit the chart to your teacher.
Identify a decision made by your school board which affects you. What factors might change which would cause the school board to reconsider its decision? Share your ideas in a class discussion.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT C3

Topic / Developing Leadership Skills and Practices

Performance Indicator

/ C. Understand the functions of effective leadership.

Standard

/ 3. Analyze and refine decision-making skills.

SCANS

/ Interpersonal 9, 12, 13; Systems 16, Thinking Skills 9

Show-Me Standards

/ 3.2; 3.3; 3.7; 3.8; 4.5; SS3

Objectives

/ C201
C202
C203
C204 / Implement, monitor progress toward, and evaluate solutions.
Support group decisions.
Adjust group decisions according to changes within or outside the group.
Refine skills in parliamentary procedure to facilitate meetings or discussions.

Sample Activities

/ Prepare an agenda and conduct a meeting using basic principles of parliamentary procedure.
Create an activity chart for a specific school or work activity. Include activity goal, time lines, person(s) responsible, budget, and how the success of that activity will be evaluated. Share your chart with the class for critique and review. After revisions submit the chart to your teacher.
Identify a decision made by your school board which affects you. What factors might change which would cause the school board to reconsider its decision? Share your ideas in a class discussion.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT D1

Topic / Practicing Leadership

Performance Indicator

/ D. Understand how leadership can be demonstrated at the workplace.

Standard

/ 1. Analyze leadership at the workplace

SCANS

/ Information 5; Thinking Skills 12

Show-Me Standards

/ 1.2; 1.6; 3.5; 4.3; SS6

Objectives

/ D101
D102
D103 / Identify leadership positions and opportunities at the workplace.
Assess the leadership qualities of various leaders at the workplace
Identify experience and educational preparation necessary for assuming leadership positions at the workplace

Sample Activities

/ Prepare an organizational chart for your workplace up to the highest level. Include the name of the person in each position on the chart.
Describe the career path for promotion at your workplace. What education and experience is required for each step? Share your information with the class.
Create a list of leadership characteristics important for leadership positions at your workplace. Complete the checklist for two formal or informal leaders at your workplace. Describe what they could do to become better leaders in a short report. Submit your checklists and report to your teacher.

Leadership and Teamwork – LT D2

Topic / Practicing Leadership

Performance Indicator

/ D. Understand how leadership can be demonstrated at the workplace.

Standard

/ 2. Practice leadership through CTSO activities.

SCANS

/ Resources 1, 2, 3, 4; Interpersonal 12; Personal Qualities 13, 17

Show-Me Standards

/ 1.3; 2.3; 3.6; 3.7; 3.8; SS3

Objectives

/ D201
D202
D203
D204
D205
D206 / Evaluate needs within the school, local community, state and nation.
Set goals for a CTSO activity.
Develop a plan to achieve the established goals for the CTSO activity.
Build teamwork among CTSO activity participants.
Demonstrate effective decision making.
Manage conflict within the CTSO activity.

Sample Activities

/ Lead a group of younger students in a school or community activity (church group, scouts, mentoring program, etc.) Describe your experiences to the class.
Assume leadership for all or part of a CTSO activity. Plan, organize, conduct and evaluate the activity. Describe your leadership successes and areas needing improvement in a brief written report.
Analyze a business decision making case study. Prepare your response to include description of the situation, possible solutions, your recommended solution, and the rationale for your recommendation. Present your response to the class.

Leadership and Teamwork

Resources

American Experience - Citizen King

American Experience - Fidel Castro

American Experience - The Presidents

American Experience - Woodrow Wilson

American Masters

American Leaders Speak

This Library of Congress collection houses over fifty sound recordings of speeches by American leaders from 1918-1920.

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