Texto A. Brave New Farm

II - Prova de Proficiência de Inglês

Jim Mason

01 In our mind's eye the farm is a peaceful, pleasant place where calves nuzzle their

02 mothers in a shady field, pigs loaf in the mudhole and chickens scratch and scramble

03 about the barnyard. We comfort ourselves with these bucolic images - images that are

04 implanted by calendars, colouring books and the countrified labelling and advertising of

05 animal products.

06 The reality of modern animal production, however, is starkly different from these

07 scenes. Now, virtually all of our poultry products and about half of our milk and red

08 meat come from animals mass-produced in huge factory-like systems. In some of the

09 more intensively managed 'confinement' operations, animals are crowded in pens and cages

10 stacked up like so many shipping crates. On these factory farms there are no

11 pastures, no streams, no seasons, not even day and night. Health and productivity come not

12 from frolics in sunny meadows but from syringes and additive-laced feed.

13 Right under our noses agribusiness has wrought a sweeping revolution in the ways in which

14 animals are kept to produce meat, milk and eggs. It began in the years before

15 World War II, when farmers near large cities began to specialize in the production of

16 chickens to meet the constant demand for eggs and meat. These first mass-producers

17 were able to turn out large flocks all the year round once poultry experts discovered the

18 role of vitamins A and D. When these were added to the feed, chickens could be raised indoors

19 because they no longer needed sunlight and exercise for proper growth and bone development.

20 Large-scale indoor production caught on fast around the urban market centres, but the new

21 methods created a host of problems. Nightmarish scenes began to occur in the crowded sheds.

22 Birds pecked others to death and ate their remains. In the poorly ventilated poultry sheds

23 contagious diseases were rampant, and losses multiplied throughout the budding commercial

24 poultry industry. But during the war years demand for poultry was high, and the boom in the

25 chicken business attracted the attention of the largest feed and pharmaceutical companies, which

26 put their scientists to work on the problems of mass-production. Breakthroughs began to come

27 thick and fast. Someone found that losses from pecking and cannibalism could be reduced by

28 burning off the tips of chickens' beaks with a blowtorch. Within another year or two an automatic

29 debeaking machine was patented, and its use became routine. The development of a new strain of

30 hybrid corn made for richer feeds, faster-gaining birds and a greater number of 'crops' of chickens

31 each year for farmers. Foremost of the developments, however, was the discovery that sulfa drugs

32 and antibiotics could be added to feed to help hold down diseases in the crowded sheds.

33 Having proven that the chicken could be reduced to an animal machine, husbandry experts

34 began looking about for ways to extend factory technology to the other farm animal species. In

35 the 1960s they began developing systems for pigs, cattle and sheep that incorporated the

36 principles of confinement, mass-production and automated feeding, watering, ventilation and

37 waste removal.

38 Pigs are raised in a variety of systems, but there has been a trend towards larger farms with

39 factory facilities. Some of these farms have 'total-confinement' systems in which the pigs never

40 see the light of day until they go to market; they are conceived, born, weaned, and 'finished'

41 (fattened) in specialized buildings similar to those used in the poultry industries.

42 In confinement animals are subjected to a variety of stresses. When birds are debeaked or

43 when calves or pigs are weaned prematurely or castrated, some die from the shock. Other

44 causes of stress in the factory farm are continuous. The animals have no relief from crowding and

45 monotony. In a less restrictive environment they would relieve boredom by moving; confined

46 animals cannot. Nor have they relief from social disturbances caused by factory conditions. When

47 animals are crowded and annoyed, the likelihood and frequency of aggressive encounters

48 increases. When growing pigs are moved to larger pens, outbreaks of fighting can occur, leaving

49 pigs dead or injured. In the restricted space of confinement pens less agressive animals cannot get

50 away to make the show of submission dictated by instinct. Some animals may become so fearful

51 that they dare not move, even to eat or drink, and they become runts and die. Others remain in

52 constant, panicky motion, a neurotic perversion of their instinct to escape.

Leia as afirmações abaixo:

- As cinco primeiras linhas do texto apresentam:

I –uma introdução cujo conteúdo é confirmado até o fim do texto.

II – uma idéia romântica, porém real do tema tratado em todo o texto.

III – uma idéia em contradição com aquela do resto do texto.

Agora, marque a alternativa correta, de acordo com o texto A.

a)Apenas III está certa.

b)Apenas II está certa

c)Apenas I está certa.

d)II e III estão certas.

e)I e III estão certas.

- Conforme diz o texto, nas factory farms a saúde e produtividade dos animais é obtida por meio da(o)(s):

a) produção em massa.

b) confinamento.

c) pastagens especiais.

d) sua exposição ao sol, nas pradarias.

e) injeções e alimentos com aditivos.

- Qual dos fatores abaixo possibilitou a criação de galinhas em ambiente fechado?

a) A demanda de ovos e carne.

b) A falta de pastagens naturais.

c) O processo de criação próximo das grandes cidades.

d) A adição de Vitamina A e D a sua alimentação.

e)O início da Segunda Guerra Mundial.

- A expressão Nightmarish scenes (l. 21) está esclarecida na frase:

a) the poorly ventilated poultry sheds. (l. 22)

b) contagious diseases. (l.23)

c) problems of mass production.(l.26)

d) Breakthroughs. (l. 26)

e) pecking and cannibalism. (l. 27)

- Leia as frases que seguem:

I – Quando porcos e terneiros são prematuramente desmamados ou castrados, alguns morrem do choque.

II – Tanto a superpopulação quanto a monotonia do confinamento causam estresse aos animais.

III – Em confinamento, os animais menos agressivos ficam tão assustados que não ousam sequer mover-se,

nem para comer nem para beber.

Marque as frases que estão corretas, de acordo com o texto.

a)II e III estão corretas.

b)I e III estão corretas.

c)I, II e III estão corretas.

d)Apenas II está correta.

e)Apenas III está correta

- O pronome their (l.22)e o pronome they (l.35) estão se referindo, respectivamente, a:

a) Birds (l.22)–the chicken(l. 33)

b) others (l.22) -husbandry experts(l. 33)

c) poultry sheds (l. 22) -ways(l.34)

d) contagious diseases (l.23)–the other animal farm species(l. 34)

e) losses (l.23) - the principles of confinement (l.35-36)

- Traduza em bom português as frases: a) In the poorly ventilated poultry sheds contagious diseases were rampant, and losses multiplied throughout the budding commercial poultry industry. (l. 22- 24)

......

b) Someone found that losses from pecking and cannibalism could be reduced by burning off the tips of

chickens’ beaks with a blowtorch. Within another year or two, an automatic debeaking machine was patented,

and its use became routine. (l. 27-29)

......

Texto B. The Right to Pleasure

01 At the beginning, it was just a playful tweaking, a good-humoured philosophical shot at the

02ubiquitous burger, symbol of a minute-made and minute-mad world. McDonald's was poised to

03invade Rome's beautiful Piazza di Spagna at the base of the famed Spanish steps. Just the

04thought of it gave indigestion to food-and-wine writer Carlo Petrini and his fellow members of

05Arcigola, the Italian gastronomical society.

06 What better weapon, they thought, to battle fast food than 'slow food'? So Petrini's pack

07formed the International Movement for the Defense of and the Right to Pleasure and issued a

08Slow Food Manifesto - the first salvo in the Slow Food War. "In our century, born and nurtured

09under the sign of industrialisation, the machine was invented and then turned into the role model

10of life.Speed became our shackles," the manifesto began. "We fall prey to the same virus: 'The

11Fast Life' that fractures our customs, assails us even in our own homes, cages us and feeds us

12fast food." The remedy? An adequate portion of sure sensual pleasures, to be taken with slow

13and prolonged enjoyment" – beginning in the kitchen with the preparation of an elaborate meal,

14and ending at the table with fine and rambling conversation.

15 "It was just a game at first," says Petrini, a chance to remind peoplethat food is a perishable

16art, as pleasurable in its way as a sculpture by Michelangelo or a painting by Titian. Not mere

17nourishment to be wolfed down, butculture to be savoured. The time had come, the group

18proclaimed, to get back tothe two-hour lunch and the four-hour dinner.

19 Formally founded at a Paris gathering in 1989, the Slow Food Movement has become an

20international rallying point for the inevitable backlash against societal velocity and

21homogenised, industrial grub. Members meet for marathon meals and talk food, wine, culture,

22and philosophy. They organise wine tastings and classes about traditional cuisine. And they

23disdain the stressful fast life.Fast food is killing off the social aspect of food," Petrini says. "It

24strips people of their food wealth and culture."

25 Slow food, however, is primarily a state of mind, and Petrini is careful to point out that

26members are not gastronomic elitists. "Even eating a sandwich," Petrini says, "can be a slow

27food experience." Besides, you can be rich and eat badly ... and you don't have to eat luxury

28foods every day", he determines, thankfully. But the Slow Food movement is about more than

29eating, though to be sure, it does plenty of that. Slow Food desires not only to salvage almost

30obsolete flavours from the relentless flood of synthetic, homogenised food stuffs, but to promote

31the small-scale specialist food producers - the natural stewards of biodiversity.

32 A further mark of the movement’s resistance to the increasingly aggressive advance of food

33and cultural standardization is their commitment to educating children in the pleasures of the

34table. There are tasting sessions for children at every Slow Food festival, while Slow Food has

35collaborated with teachers in schools to educate children on the importance of the senses as a

36tool of knowledge.

-Leia as afirmações abaixo: O primeiro parágrafo diz que

No início,

I - houve uma invasão de piadas e brincadeiras em torno do hamburger do McDonald.

II - espanhóis famosos estavam prontos para invadir a Piazza di Spagna, em Roma.

III - foi apenas um susto e um choque bem humorado para ohamburger feito em um minuto.

IV - Petrini tinha indigestão só de pensar na comida e no vinho que tomaria com seus companheiros.

-Agora, marque a alternativa correta, de acordo com o texto B.

a)I e II estão corretas.

b)II e III estão corretas.

c)III e IV estão corretas.

d)Somente III está correta.

e)Somente IV está correta.

- Qual foi o primeiro passo da Guerra da Slow Food?

a) A batalha Fast Food.

b) A indigestão de comida e vinho, de Petrini.

c) O manifesto da Slow Food.

d) Um movimento internacional em defesa do direito ao prazer.

e) A guerra à industrialização.

- De acordo com o segundo parágrafo (l. 06-14), qual das alternativas abaixo NÃO foi

comparada aFast Food/Life?

a) uma refeição bem elaborada.

b) um vírus.

c) uma máquina.

d) uma jaula.

e) correntes

- Qual o principal objetivo de Petrini? Resgatar

a) as esculturas de Miguel Ângelo e as pinturas de Ticiano.

b)o hábito da refeição bem elaborada e demorada.

c)um padrão de vida estabelecido pela industrialização.

d) o fim da mesa com vinho fino e muita conversa.

e) o tempo em que o grupo proclamou o início do movimento contra a Fast Food.

- Qual a melhor tradução para as frases:

a) Formally founded at a Paris gathering in 1989,the SlowFood movement has become an

international rallying point for the inevitable backlash against societal velocity and homogenised,

industrial grub.(l.19-21)

......

b) Slow Food desires not only to salvage almost obsolete flavours from the relentless flood of synthetic,

homogenised food stuffs, but to promote the small-scalespecialist food producers – the natural stew-

wards of biodiversity.(l.29-31)

......

- Os pronomes they (l.22) e that(l.29) se referem, respectivamente, a:

a) a Paris gatheringin 1989 (l.19) - Slow food (l. 25)

b) wine tastings (l.22) -aslow food experience (l. 26 -27)

c) food, wine, culture and philosophy (l.21-22) - luxury foods (l. 27-28)

d) marathon meals (l.21) - theSlow Food movement (l. 28)

e) Members (l. 21) - eating (l. 29)