THE OUTERSPACELANGUAGESCHOOL
THE OUTERSPACELANGUAGESCHOOL
*140 Tran Quang Khai St., Dist. 1, HCMC - Tel: 848 3820 - Fax: (84.8) 8480826
* 667-669 Dien Bien Phu St., Dist. 3, HCMC - Tel: 830 7909 - Fax: (84.8) 8307907
*54 Dinh Tien Hoang St., Dist. 1, HCMC - Tel: 822 0515 - Fax: (84.8) 8241952
* 951A CMT8 St., TB Dist., HCMC - Tel: 970 2232 - Fax: (84.8) 9702232
*472 Nguyen Tri Phuong St., Dist. 10, HCMC - Tel: 834 7435 - Fax: (84.8) 8345399
* 95-97 An Duong Vuong St., Dist. 5, HCMC - Tel: 830 9744 - Fax: (84.8) 8309743
REFLEX 4000 - January 2004
OPENING LESSON
AMERICAN ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION
UNIT 1 - INTONATION (Speech music) (20% Rule)
We use intonation to express our opinion. We usually raise our voice on the word or we stretch the word. We stress contractions "doesn't, can't, shouldn't .." but we never stress NO, NOT, NEVER.
1. I didn't say he stole the money.
2. I didn't say he stole the money.
- Someone else said it.
3. I didn't say he stole the money.
- That’s not true at all.
4. I didn't say he stole the money.
- I only suggested the possibility.
5. I didn't say he stole the money.
- I think someone else stole it.
6. I didn't say he stole the money.
- Maybe he just borrowed it.
7. I didn't say he stole the money.
- but rather some other money.
8. I didn't say he stole the money.
- He may have taken some jewelry.
UNIT 2 - Spelling and Acronyms
We usually stress the last letter or digit
Spelling / BoxCook
Wilson / Bee Oh Ex
See Oh Kay
Duba You Eye El, Ess Oh En.
Acronyms / IBM
MIT
Ph. D
MBA
LA
IQ
RSVP
TV
USA
ASAP
CIA
FBI
USMC
COD
SOS
X, Y, Z / Eye Bee Em
Em Eye Tee
Pee Aitch Dee
Em Bee εi
Eh Lay
Eye Kyu
Are Ess Vee Pee
Tee Vee
You Ess εi
εI Ess εIPee
See Eye εi
Eff Bee Eye
You Ess Em See
See Oh Dee
Ess Oh Ess
Ex, Why, Zee
Numbers / Area Code
Zip Code
Date
Phone Number / 213
94708
9/6/62
555-9132
UNIT 3 - Practice Intonation in colloquial conversations
1. "T" when not stressed is usually pronounced "D "
2. FOR and FROM at the end of sentences are pronounced FOR and FROM; however, they are pronounced F'R and FR'M inside sentences.
3. You have to learn by heart the following usual sentences by heart
to [t’]
today [t' dεi]
to work [t' work]
to school [t' school]
to the store [t' th' store]
We have to go now. [We haft∂ go now]
He went to work. [He went∂ work]
to [d']
He told me to help. [He told meed∂ help]
I go to work. [I god∂ work]
A quarter to two. [A kworder d∂ two]
The only way to get it is. [the(y)only wayd∂ geddidiz]
You’ve got to pay to get it. [You’ve godd∂ peid∂ geddit]
So to speak [Soda speak]
at [t']
I'll see you at lunch. [I'll see you (w) ∂t lunch]
The meeting's at one. [Th'meeding z't w'n]
He's at work. [Heez't work]
They're at school. [Theh r't school]
it [t’]
Give it to me. [G'v't t'me]
What is it? [W'd'z't]
I got it in London. [I godidin Lond'n]
It’s all right. [Tsol right]
for [fer] (except at the end of a sentence)
This is for you. [Th's'z fer you]
It's for my friend. [Ts fer my friend.]
What did you do it for? [W'jy' do it for?]
Who did you get it for? [Hoojy' geddit for?]
from [frm]
It's from the IRS. [Ts frm the(y) ai (y) a: res]
Get away from me. [Gedda way fr'm me]
Who's it from? [Hoozit from?] (exception)
Where are you from? [Wherer you from?] (exception)
in ['n]
It's in the bag. [Ts'n th' bag]
What's in it? [W'ts'n't?]
He's in America. [Hez'n' mer'k']
an ['n]
He's an American. [Hez'n'mer'k'n]
I got an A in English. [I god' nay in ninglish]
and ['n]
ham and eggs [ham'neggz]
bread and butter [breadn b'dder]
you and I [you (w)nai]
salt and pepper [salt'n pepper]
or [er]
soup or salad. [super salad]
now or later [nower layder]
more or less [morer less]
left or right [lefter right]
are [er]
What are you doing? [Whadder you doing?]
Where are you going? [Wherer you going?]
How are you? [Hower you?]
Those are no good. [Thozer no good.]
your [yer]
How's your family? [Howzher famlee?]
Where are your keys? [Wherer yer keys?]
You’re American, aren't you? [Yer'mer'k'n, arnchoo?]
Tell me when you’re ready. [Tell me wenyer ready.]
one [w'n]
Which one is better? [W'chw'n'z bedder?]
One of them is broken. [W'n'v'm'z brok'n]
I’ll use the other one. [I'll use the (y)'ther w'n.]
I like the red one, Edwin. [I like the redw'n, Edw'n]
the [th'] or [']
It’s the best. [Ts th' best]
What's the matter? [W'ts' mæder?]
What's the problem? [W'ts the probl'm?]
a[’]
It’s a present. [Ts' prezen(t)]
You need a break. [Unneeda break]
of [’v] or [']
It’s the top of the line. [It's the top'v the line]
It’s a state of the art printer [Ts'stayd' the(y) a:rt prinner] printer.
He had hands of ice. [He had hanz' vais]
Get out of here. [Geddowd'here]
Practice all of the time. [Prækt' soll'v the time]
can [k'n]
Can you speak English? [K'new spee kinglish?]
I can only do it on Wednesday. [I k'nonly do(w)ido nwenzday]
A can opener can open cans. [A kænop'ner k'nop'n kænz]
Can I help you? [K'nai hep pyew?]
had [h'd] or ['d]
Jack had had enough. [Jæk'd hæd n'f]
Bill had forgotten again [Bil'd fergottn n'gein]
What had he done to deserve it? [W'd'dhe d'n d' d'zervit?]
was [w'z] or [wuz]
He was only trying to help. [He w'zonly trying t'help]
Mark was American. [Mar kw'z'mer'k'n]
Where was it? [Where wuzzit?]
How was it? [Howwuzzit?]
what [w't] [w'd], or [w’j]
What time is it? [W't tai mizit?]
What's up? [W'ts'p?]
What's on your agenda? [W'tsonyer'jenda?]
What do you mean? [Wh'ddya mean?]
What did you mean? [w'j' mean?]
What did you do about it? [W’j’ do (w) bæu dit?]
UNIT 4. (2-1) - LIAISONS
-Consonant + Vowel = A orange, Pick up on
- Vowel + Vowel= The (y) apple, He (y) is, She (y) eats= Go (w) away, to (w) understand, Who(w) is,
-Consonant + consonant = I’ve got to go (godda)= Do you want a banana (wanna banana).I’ve been late twice, pardon (pard’n)
-T+ Y (U) = CH, D+ Y (U) = J, S+ Y (U) = SH, Z+ Y (U) =ZH
(Don't you, actually; need you, gradually; insurance, miss you; where’s your, who’s your)
a. LIAISON – CONSONANT/ VOWEL
hold on - [hol don]
turn over - [tur noverl
tell her I miss her - [tellerI misser]
1. read only - ......
2. fall off - ......
3. follow up on - ......
4. come in - ......
5. call him - ......
6. sell it - ......
7. take out - ......
8. fade away - ......
9. 6-0 - ......
10. MA - ......
b. LIAISON – CONSONANT/ CONSONANT
hard times - [hardtimes]
with luck - [withluck]
1. business deal - ......
2. credit check - ......
3. top file - ......
4. sell nine new cars - ......
5. sit down - ......
6. some plans need luck - ......
7.check cashing - ......
8. let them make conditions - ......
9. had the both days - ......
c. LIAISON – VOWEL/VOWEL
she isn't - [she(y)isn't ]
Who is - [who(w)iz]
1. go anywhere - ......
2. so honest - ......
3. through our - ......
4. you are - ......
5. he is - ......
6. do I? - ......
7. I asked - ......
8. to open - ......
9. she always - ......
10. too often - ......
d. LIAISON - T, D, S OR Z + Y (U)
put your - [pucher]
gradual - [gradjyu(w)’l]
1. did you - ......
2. who' s your - ......
3. just your - ......
4. gesture - ......
5. miss you - ......
6. tissue - ......
7. got your - ......
8. where's your - ......
9. congratulations - ......
10. had your - ......
UNIT 5 - COMMON CONVERSATIONAL EXPRESSIONS
I have got to go.
I have got a book.
Do you want to dance?
Do you want a banana?
Let me in.
Let me go.
I’ll let you know.
Did you do it?
Not yet.
I’ll meet you later.
What do you think?
What did you do with it?
How did you like it?
When did you get it?
Why did you take it?
Why don't you try it?
What are you waiting for?
What are you doing?
How is it going?
Where's the what you may call it.
Where's what is his name?
How about it?
He has got to hurry because he is late.
I could have been a contender.
Could you speed it up, please?
Would you mind if I tried it? Aren't you Bob Barker?
Can't you see it my way for a change?
Don't you get it?
I should have told you.
Tell her (that) I miss her.
Tell him (that) I miss him.
LESSON 1
1. GRAMMAR
* THE CORRECT SENTENCE: A correct sentence must have a subject and a verb function (VF). There are 4 verb functions:
Correct sentence (CS) = Subject + Verb Function (VF)
VF1: S + V (intransitive)
Ex: I get up; He dances; She cried.
VF2: S + V + D.O. (transitive)
Ex: I brush my teeth; They treat us well.
VF3: S + V + C (linking)
Ex: She is beautiful; He becomes cheerful.
VF4: S + V + D.O. + I.O.
Ex: He sent a letter to her; I advanced them some money.
* NOUN FUNCTION (NF)
-Question words "WHAT" and "WHO" and their answers are Noun functions (NF). An NF can be SOC (Subject, Object or Complement) in a sentence.
- An eNF (expanded NF) is an NF with adjectives. "Which hole puncher" is an eNF. "The new hole puncher" is also an eNF.
2. MAKE AS MANY QUESTIONSAS YOU CAN WITH THE FOLLOWING 8 VF’S
VF1 - To talk, to travel
VF2 – To run into, to eat
VF3- To feel (cảm thấy), to be
VF4 – To show, to hand
a. VF1, VF2, VF3 & VF4
Yes – No questions:
- Do you does he/she, did you ...... ?
- Will you, will he, will she ...... ?
Question-words as subjects (Question words làm chủ ngữ)
- Who (what) ...... ?
-Which (principal, dean, hole puncher) ...... ?
- What (supervisor) ...... ?
- Whose (assistant professor) ...... ?
- How many (students) want to (V + to + V) ...... ?
b. VF2 & VF4
Question-words as direct objects (QW làm túc từ trực tiếp)
-Who (what) do you, did you, will you ...... ?
- Which (students) do you, did you, will you ...... ?
- What (words) do you, did you, will you ...... ?
- Whose (son), how many (students) do, does, did ...... ?
c. VF3 only
Question words as complements
-Who is she? What are you? Who is that man?
- Which restaurant is this? Whose restaurant is this?
- How many books are they?
-How are you? How is she? How do you feel?
(Use an adjective to answer "How": fine, good, sick, bad, happy, unhappy...)
d. VF1, VF2, VF3, VF4
Question-words as objects of prepositions
- Who ...... into, about, with, for?
- What (do you like to) ...... into, about, with, for?
- Which school ...... into, about, with, for?
- Whose class ...... into, about, with, for?
-How many people, how many books ...... into, about, with, for?
3. PAIR WORK with the lists of verbs
4. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS (Về nhà chép vào một list đặt tên là LIST OF IDIOMS ở cuối tập bài học)
IDIOMS / NGHĨA ĐEN / NGHĨA ĐÚNG / VÍ DỤ1. / To smell a rat / Cảm thấy có mùi chuột / Cảm thấy bất ổn
Feel st wrong / When I saw the front door opened, I smelt a rat.
2. / To get in someone’s hair / Lẫn vào tóc ai / Làm phiền ai
Bother somebody / The children get in your hair when thay make too much noise
HOMEWORK 1: Choose 5 - 20 verbs from the VF lists and make 6 sentences or questions with each verb.
VF1 LIST
THE INTRANSITIVE VERBS (Tự động từ - không có Object)
1000-20
- to go: đi
- to work: làm việc
-to run: chạy
-to walk: đi bộ
- to travel: du lịch
- to move: di chuyển
-to swim:bơi, tắm
- to live: ở, sống
- to leave: ra đi
- to sleep: ngủ
- to get up: thức dậy
- to dance: khiêu vũ
- to hurry: vội vã
- to return: trở về
- to go back: trở về
- to come back: trở về
- to come here: đến đây
-to go to market: đi chợ
- to agree (with): đồng ý (với)
-to disagree: không đồng ý
- to think (about): suy nghĩ về
- to go for a walk: đi dạo
- to speak (to): nói với
- to go to school: đi học
-to go to church: đi nhà thờ
-to fish: câu cá
- to roller-skate: patin
- to hunt: săn
- to talk (about): nói chuyện (về)
- to dream (of): mơ (về)
2000-5
- to chat: tán gẫu
-to race: đua
- to cry: khóc
-to weep: khóc
- to pray: cầu nguyện
- to graduate (from): tốt nghiệp
-to laugh: cười
-to smile: cười mỉm
- to joke: nói đùa
-to water-ski: lướt ván
- to jump: nhảy
- to come in: đi vào
- to crawl: bò
- to go camping: đi cắm trại
- to go swimming: đi bơi
- to go fishing: đi câu
- to go hunting: đi săn
- to go dancing: đi dạ vũ
- to go shopping: đi mua sắm
- to go window shopping: đi ngắm đồ
2000-15
- to roll: lăn tròn
- to lie down: nằm xuống
- to stand up: đứng lên
- to arrive: đến
- to dive: lặn
- to exercise: tập thể dục
- to fall: ngã, té
-to jog: chạy, bộ
-to swing: đu đưa
- to skate: trượt băng
- to gather: tập hợp
- to yawn: ngáp
- to snore: ngáy
- to hop: nhảy lò cò
- to skip: nhảy dây
- to march: diễu hành
- to sit down: ngồi xuống
- to sign: thở dài
3000-2
-to succeed: thành công
- to act: phản ứng
- to react: phản ứng lại
- to argue: tranh cãi
3000-4
-To dress up: ăn mặc chỉnh tề
- To fall behind (fall, fell, fallen): đuối sức, rớt lại đàng sau
- To give up (give, gave, given): đầu hàng, bỏ cuộc
- To run down (run, ran, run): hư, hết chạy
- To set out (set, set, set): khởi hành
VF2 LIST
THE TRANSITIVE VERBS (Tha động từ phải có Direct Object)
1000-4
- to like : thích
- to hate : ghét
-to want : muốn
-to have : có (have to-phải)
-to need : cần
- to love : yêu, thương
- to dislike : không thích
- to know : biết
- to lend : cho mượn
- to borrow : mượn
- to return : trả lại
- to look for : tìm kiếm
- to use : sử dụng
- to dial : quay số
-to color: tô màu
-to read : đọc
-to write : viết
-to check : kiểm tra
-to observe : quan sát
- to catch : bắt, chụp
- to conduct : điều khiển
-to change : thay đổi
-to keep : giữ
- to look at : nhìn
-to make : làm
- to do : làm (hoàn tất)
- to break : đập vỡ
-to sharpen : gọt
- to put down : đặt xuống
-to draw : vẽ
- to see : thấy
- to paint : sơn
- to carry : mang
1000-7
- to expect : mong
- to intend : dự định
- to try : cố gắng
- to fail (an exam) : thi rớt
- to pass (an exam): thi đậu
- to eat : ăn
- to drink : uống
-to repair : sửa chữa
- to fix : sửa chữa
- to play : chơi
- to buy : mua
- to sell : bán
- to purchase : mua
- to drive : lái xe
- to ride: cỡi (xe máy)
- to watch : xem
- to order : đặt hàng
- to ask : hỏi
- to answer : trả lời
- to throw : ném
- to save : để dành
- to waste : lãng phí
- to rent : thuê
- to lease : thuê dài hạn
- to install : gắn, lắp
- to open : mở
- to close : đóng
- to shut : đóng
- to touch : sờ
- to cook : nấu ăn
1000-8
- to file : sắp xếp
- to tease : chọc ghẹo
-to take care of :chăm sóc
- to look after: chăm sóc
- to wash : rửa
- to clean : lau chùi
- to sew : may
-to mend : vá
-to listen to : lắng nghe
- to hear : nghe
- to embroider : thêu
-to hang : treo
-to tie : cột
- to water : tưới nước
- to fly (a kite) : thả (diều)
-to climb : trèo
-to understand : hiểu
-to measure : đo
- to rewind : trả băng lui
-to fast-forward : quay băng tới
-to sweep : quét
-to peel : bóc vỏ
- to pull : kéo
- to push : đẩy
- to learn : học
-to study : học
- to teach : dạy
- to review : ôn lại
- to turn off : vặn tắt
-to turn on : vặn mở
1000-9
- to repeat : lặp lại
- to examine : kiểm tra, hỏi thi
- to cross : băng qua
- to follow : đi theo
- to build : xây dựng
- to wear : mặc
- to take off : cởi ra
- to put on : mặc vào
- to stop : ngừng
- to kick : đá
- to replace : thay thế
-to cover : bao phủ
-to decorate : trang trí
-to operate : điều hành
-to type : đánh máy
-to count: đếm
- to feed : cho ăn
-to hold : giữ
- to chase : đuổi theo
- to grow : trồng
- to show : chỉ
- to burn : đốt
-to cut : cắt
- to shake (hands) : bắt (tay)
1000-10
- to bake : nướng
-to defrost : xả đá
- to iron : ủi
-to brush : chà, chải
- to drop : đánh rơi
- to hit : đánh, đấm
- to join : nối lại
- to sing (a song) : hát (bài hát)
-to comb : chải
-to shampoo : gội
- to serve : phục vụ
- to tame : huấn luyện, chế ngự
2000-2
-to take (medicine) : uống (thuốc)
- to lock : khoá
- to unlock : mở khoá
-to hide : giấu
- to construct : xây dựng
-to enter : đi vào
- to dig (a well) : đào (giếng)
- to blow (bubbles) : thổi
- to squeeze : vắt
- to tear : xé
- to call on : thăm viếng
-to visit : thăm viếng
2000-4
- to meet (sb) : gặp
-to interview(sb) : phỏng vấn
-to help : giúp đỡ
- to assist : giúp đỡ
- to take a walk (with) : đi bộ với
- to obey : vâng lời
-to marry(sb) : cưới
- to get married (to) : lập gia đình với
-to tell the truth (to) : nói thật với
- to tell a lie (to) : nói dối
-to like (sb) best : thích (ai) nhất
(Who do you like best? - I like her best)
- to miss (sb) : trễ hẹn/nhớ
- to rescue (sb) : cứu
- to mock at (sb) : diễu cợt
- to laugh at (sb) : cười nhạo
- to depend (on) : tuỳ thuộc
-to trust : tin tưởng
-to believe : tin tưởng
-to admire : khâm phục
- to respect : kính trọng
2000-20
-to beat : đánh
-to scrub : chà
-to clap (hands) : vỗ (tay)
- to hug: ôm
-to embrace : ôm
- to imitate : bắt chước
- to wave (at) : vẫy tay
- to own : làm chủ
-to practice : thực tập
-to weigh : cân
- to fight (the enemy) : đánh (kẻ thù)
-to win : thắng cuộc
- to kiss : hôn
- to train : huấn luyện
-to accept : chấp nhận
- to admit : thú nhận
-to advertise : quảng cáo
- to photograph : chụp hình
- to store : tích trữ
-to point : chỉ
-to smell : ngửi
- to wrap (a gift) : gói (quà)
- to unwrap (a gift) : mở (quà)
- to solve (a problem) : giải quyết (vấn đề)
-to greet : đón
- to call off (a meeting) : huỷ bỏ (cuộc họp)
-to cancel : huỷ bỏ
- to put off : hoãn lại
-to postpone : hoãn lại
- to delay : hoãn lại
3000-2
-to smoke (a cigarette) :hút (thuốc)
- to receive : nhận
- to sign : ký tên
- to possess : sở hữu
- to discuss : thảo luận
-to hope (so) : hi vọng (như thế)
- to take a bath : tắm
- to take a shower : tắm vòi sen
-to require : đòi hỏi
-to develop : phát triển
- to attend : theo học tại
- to prefer (st to st) : thích hơn
- to treat : đối xử
- to notify : thông báo
- to please : làm hài lòng
-to hire (sb) : thuê, mướn
3000-4
-To brush up on : học lại, ôn lại
- To call up : gọi điện thoại
- To catch up with (catch, caught, caught) : theo kịp
- To check over : xem lại
- To clean up : quét sạch
- To come across : tình cờ gặp
- To cut off (cut, cut, cut) : ngắt điện thoại
- To do without (do, did, done) : không cần đến
- To drop in on : thăm viếng
- To feel like (+ gerund) (feel, felt, felt) : cảm thấy thích
(I feel like going out, she feels like going swimming)
- To find out (find, found, found) : tìm ra
-To give away (give, gave, given) : cho, tặng, phân phát
- To go for (go, went, gone) : thích
- To go on : tiếp tục
- To hang in, to turn in : nộp
-To have ... on (have, had, had) : mặc trên người ("object" before ON)
- To head for : đi về phía
- To keep on (keep, kept, kept) : tiếp tục
- To keep up with : theo kịp
- To look over : xem xét lại, ôn lại
- To make ... up : làm bù
(If you miss a homework, you have to make it up)
- To pay for : trả tiền cho
- To pick out : chọn
- To pick up : nhặt, đón đưa
- To plug in : cắm điện vào
- To put off (put, put, put) : dời lại
- To put together : ghép lại, làm tụ lại
- To run into : tình cờ gặp
- To stand for (stand, stood, stood) : có nghĩa là
- To use up : dùng hết
VF3 LIST
THE LINKING VERBS (Động từ nối)
(dùng để nối một Complement cho chủ ngữ và chủ ngữ thường là một NF)
Một vài động từ có thể thay TO BE: TO KEEP, kept, kept (giữ), TO LOOK (trông như), TO FEEL, felt, felt (cảm thấy), TO SEEM (có vẻ), TO BECOME, became, become (trở nên), TO GET, got, gotten (trở nên).
3000-8
- to be married (có gia đình)
-to be available (còn sẵn sàng)
-to be interested in (quan tâm về)
-to be worried about (lo âu về)
- to be anxious about (sốt ruột về)
-to be happy with (sung sướng về)
-to be hungry (đói)
-to be thirsty (khát)
-to be single (độc thân)
- to be afraid of (sợ)
- to be concerned with (quan tâm với)
- to be angry with sbat st (giận ai về ...)
-to be sad with (buồn về)
- to be full (no)
-to be sleepy (buồn ngủ)
- to be born (sinh ra - thường dùng quá khứ)
3000-14
- to be proud of (hãnh diện)
-to betired of (mệt về)
-to be fond of (ưa thích)
-to be bored with (chán)
-to be similar to (giống với)
- to be ashamed of (xấu hổ về)
-to be capable of (có khả năng)
- to be successful in (thành công về)
-to be able to (có thể)
-to be different from (khác với)
VF4 LIST
THE TRANSITIVE VERBS WITH D.O + I.O
(Tha động từ có túc từ trực tiếp (D.O) và túc từ gián tiếp (I.O) trả lời cho WHAT? TO WHO?)
3000-9
-To advance : đưa trước
- To award : thưởng
-To bring (bring, brought, brought): đưa đến
- To give (give, gave, given) : cho
- To grant : cho
- To hang : đưa bằng tay
- To lease : cho thuê dài hạn
- To leave (leave, left, left) : để lại
- To lend (lend, lent, lent) : cho mượn
- To loan : cho vay
- To mail : gửi bằng bưu điện
- To offer : tặng
- To owe : thiếu nợ
- To pass : đưa cho
- To pay (pay, paid, paid) : trả tiền
-To read (read, read, read) : đọc
- To rent : cho thuê
-To repay : trả lại
- To send (send, sent, sent) : gửi
- To sell (sell, sold, sold) : bán
-To show (show, showed, shown) : chỉ
- To sing (sing, sang, sung) : hát
- To take (take, took, taken) : đem đi
- To teach (teach, taught, taught) : dạy
- To tell (tell, told, told) : kể
-To throw (throw, threw, thrown) : ném
- To write (write, wrote, written) : viết
LESSON 2
I. GRAMMAR
1. HOW? WHERE? WHEN? WHY? WHAT FOR? are answered by (trả lời bằng) adverbs, adverb phrases, adverb clauses.
-Muốn làm adverb phrases, ta cần dùng PREPOSITIONS.
+ Prepositions of place (nơi chốn): at, on, in, to, in front of, behind, among, between, under, next to, close, far from, along, ...
+Prepositions of time (thời gian): at, in, on, after, before, during, for, since, till, until, from ... till, ...
+ Prepositions of manner (tính cách): by, on, with.
+ Prepositions of purpose (mục đích): to, in order to
+ Prepositions of cause (nguyên do): because of, owing to, due to, thanks to.
-Muốn làm adverb clauses, ta cần dùng CONJUNCTION + S + VF
Ex: +Because I tried my best.
+In order that we can go out tonight.
2. PARALLELISM (Song hành)
We can use 2 or more NF's, VF's, Adverbs, etc. in the same position in a sentence in parallelism. (Ta có thể dùng 2 hay nhiều NF, VF, Adverbs cùng một vị trí trong câu văn theo thể SONG HÀNH.)
- 2 NF's: Mary and Paul learn English ("Mary" and "Paul" are parallel.)
-2 VF's: Mary learns English and teaches French. ("learns" and "teaches" are parallel.)
- 2 Adverbs: They learn English at school and at home. ("at school" and "at home" are parallel.)
(From now on, we will make longer sentences by using parallelism)
II. PRACTICE
1. HOW? (10 examples with past, present and future, then TC with the lists, then pair work)
2. WHERE? (10 examples with past, present and future, then TC with the lists then pair work)
3. WHEN? (10 examples with past, present and future, then TC with the lists then pair work)
4. WHY? and WHAT FOR? (10 examples with past, present and future, then TC with the lists then pair work).
III. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS (Về nhà chép tiếp vào List of Idioms ở cuối tập)
IDIOMS / NGHĨA ĐEN / NGHĨA ĐÚNG / VÍ DỤ3. / To pull soneone’s leg / Kéo chân ai / Lừa ai
Fool somebody / You are pulling my leg; I don’t believe you.
4. / To play it by ear / Chơi theo tai / Rồi tính sau
Decide what to do later / When we go there, we’ll play it by ear.
HOMEWORK 2: Make 50 - 100 questions and answers with How, Where, When, Why and What for?
LESSON 3
THE CONJUNCTIONS (Liên từ)
1. Sentences using conjunctions
VF1 + VF1 - It rains so I don't go out.
VF1 + VF2 -It snows therefore I need a raincoat.
VF1 + VF3 -She laughed a lot because she was happy.
VF1 + VF4 -She left after she mailed me a letter.
VF2 + VF1 - I tease her until she cries.
VF2 + VF2 - I try to earn much money so that I can support my family.
VF2 + VF3 - I have to learn English since my boss is an American.
VF2 + VF4 - We won't sign the contract if you don't send us the samples
VF3 + VF1 -I feel sad after she goes away.
VF3 + VF2 -My mother becomes angry whenever I don't obey her.
VF3 + VF3 - We are worried about him because he seems incapable of learning new things.
VF3 + VF4 -She was a good student yet the school didn't offer her any scholarship.
VF4 + VF1 -I leave a message to him before I go.
VF4 + VF2 - I write a lot of letters to her even though she dislikes me.
VF4 + VF3 -I lent him "The Roots" since he's fond of reading it.
VF4 + VF4 -I will send these books to you after you advance me some money.
2. With the lists of verbs (at lesson 1)
a. What? (Questions with the lists of verbs, using group 1 conjunctions in the answers)
b. Why? (and What.. for?) (Questions with the lists of verbs, using group 2 and group 6 conjunctions in the answers)
c. When? (and What time?) (Questions with the lists of verbs, using group 3 conjunctions in the answers)
d. Do/ Does/ Did/ Will ...? (Questions with the lists of verbs, using group 4 and 5 conjunctions in the answers)
3. IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS (Về nhà chép tiếp vào List of Idioms ở cuối tập)