Cell Structure & Function Study Guide
- Who was the first person to view LIVING cells?
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
2. What did Rudolf Virchow discover?
All living things are made of cells and that these cells must come from other cells
3. Who is the botanist who said all organisms he observed were made of cells?
Schleiden
4. Who is the zoologist who said that all the animals he observed were made of cells?
Schwann
5. Who was the first person to view cells, and name them?
Robert Hooke
6. Who was the first person to view LIVING cells?
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
7.The work of many scientists led to the cell theory. The cell theory includes what 3 statements:
1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.
- (the smallest unit that can perform life functions)
3. All cells come from pre - existing cells.
8. All living things share several characteristics. List at least 5 of these.
Homeostasis, response to stimulus, growth and development, change over time, metabolism, reproduction, organization and cells
9. Name 2 characteristics of prokaryotes that differ from eukaryotes.
1)No nucleus and 2) no membrane bound organelles
10. What is the term that best describes the chapter that we have been studying?
Cells (structure and function)
11. “Homeostasis” or maintaining a balance is most associated with what cell structure?
Cell membrane
12. The cell membrane is composed primarily of phospholipids.
What part of the phospholipids is polar and what part is non-polar? Head = polar and tails = nonpolar
Do the tails point outward toward the water, or inward away from the water? Inward away from the water
Is the tail hydrophobic, or hydrophilic? hydrophobic
13. The organelle found in the center of the cell, which contains the cell’s DNA is the what?nucleus
14. A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called an ___organelle______.
15. Proteins are made on what organelle?ribosome
16.What is the packaging and distribution center of the cell?Golgi apparatus (body)
17. In what organelle is a cell’s ATP (energy) produced?mitochondria
18. The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the what?Cell membrane
19. The vesicles containing digestive enzymes that break down proteins, waste, and cell parts, as well as destroys old cells when it is time for the cell to die are known as the what?lysosomes
20. The difference in smooth and rough ER is the presence or absence of what?ribosomes
21.The “framework” or network of thin tubes and filaments found within the cytoplasm that provide shape and support to the cell is known as the what?cytoskeleton
22. Describe the functions of the cell membrane.Control what comes in and out of the cell; maintain cell shape; hold in all of the cytoplasm and organelles
23. What organelle functions as a sort of “intracellular highway”, a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another?Endoplasmic Reticulum
24. The smallest units of life in all living things are what?cells
25. This organelle stores water, enzymes, and waste and can account for as much as 90% of the cells volume.
Central vacuole
26. This organelle is where the cell’s ribosomes are made. nucleolus
27. This organelle is a rigid layer that is made of cellulose which forms a stiff box around the cell.Cell wall
28. This structure contains a system of flattened sacs (thylakoids) which contains the green pigment chlorophyll.chloroplast
29. What are the organelles in plant cells that contain a green pigment?chloroplast
30. What organelle is associated with photosynthesis?chloroplast
31.Do plant cells contain mitochondria?yes
32. Do plant cells contain mitochondria?yes
33.Do plant cells have a large central vacuole instead of a Golgi apparatus?No, they have both.
34. Do plant cells have a cell wall instead of the plasma membrane?No, they have both.
35. Identify all of the structures in the cells above labeled L – P and V – Z.
L = nucleolus
M = cell wall
N = cell membrane
O = chloroplast
P = central vacuole
V = ribosomes
W = Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
X = Mitochondria
Y = nucleus
Z = golgi apparatus
36. What happens to the central vacuole in a plant cell if you forget to water the plant?Loses all its water, shrivels up
37. What is the difference between a cell wall and a cell membrane?Cell membrane surrounds cell, is made up of phospholipid bilayer, and controls what comes into and out of the cell
Cell wall is a stiff, rigid box around the cell membrane in plants, bacteria, and fungi
38. Where are chromosomes (DNA) located in an eukaryotic cell?
nucleus
39. List all the differences between a plant cell and an animal cell.
1) Plants have cell walls, 2) plants have chloroplast, 3) plants have central vacuole
40. What structure makes ribosomes? What do ribosomes make?
Nucleolus; proteins