Name: ______Date: ______Period______
U.S. HISTORY - CHAPTER 11 - Study Guide
The Civil War
C11S1 - The Call to Arms
Taking Sides - After the attack on Ft. Sumter, President Lincoln called for ______,______troops, which caused four more states to secede. Slave states that did not secede were called ______. Kentucky declared it was neutral which means ______. martial law is when the military is in charge and citizens’ rights (including habeas corpus) are suspended. Why did Lincoln declare martial law in Maryland? ______.
North vs. South - Each side had some advantages. List them here: Northern Advantages: Southern Advantages: ______Northern Strategies: Southern Strategies: ______The Civil War was not only state against state. Sometimes family members chose different sides. Four of ______brothers fought for the Confederacy.
Bull Run was the first major battle. The Confederates forced the over-confident Union army to retreat back to Washington. The North learned: ______. The South learned ______.
A Soldier's Life was difficult. More time was spent ______eating ______than fighting. ______might make the men too sick to fight, or even kill them. What was perhaps the worst thing about Prisoner Of War (P.O.W.) camps? ______.
11.1 Section Focus Question: Why did each side in the Civil War think it would win easily? ______p. 1
C11S2 - Early Years of the War
New Technology – Warships covered in iron plates are called ______.
VIDEO Q: Why would the South need to try naval innovations like building an ironclad? ______
Other new and more deadly weapons technology included the ______Ball & canister ______. “Technology had out-paced the tactics.” Describe what this quote means. ______
New technology resulted in massive numbers of ______, a military term for persons killed, wounded, or missing in action. Unsanitary conditions and disease also caused many casualties.
The War in the East - centered around Richmond, Virginia. Lincoln chose George______to lead the Army of the Potomac. His orders were to take his 100,000 soldiers and capture Richmond. McClellan continuously frustrated the president because he was overly ______. The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia was led by Robert E. Lee, also known as "The Gray ______". Why did Lee reject Lincoln’s offer to command the Union army? ______. During “The Peninsula Campaign” Lee’s smaller army, but superior command, forced McClellan to retreat out of Virginia and back to Washington where he was removed from command by Lincoln. Meanwhile….
The War in the West - was being won by the aggressive Union General Ulysses S. ______who made great progress in his goal of gaining control of the ______River. After capturing Forts Henry and ______, Generals Grant and ______faced Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston at the Battle of ______(see page 396). In April of 1862, this was the first battle to shock the nation by its massive number of casualties as ______Americans were lost. Two weeks later a Union fleet commanded by David ______captured New Orleans. The Mississippi River was now almost entirely in the hands of the North.
Searching for the right man to command the eastern Army of the Potomac, Lincoln went through several generals including: George McClellan, Ambrose ______, Joseph ______, and George ______. Lincoln even tried McClellan twice, finally removing him for good after his failure at the Battle of ______, Known in the South as the Battle of ______It would be the ______single-day battle in American History. This was Lee’s ______invasion of the North. It would not be his last. Explain why President Lincoln waited until after Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. ______
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Name: ______Date: ______Period______
CHAPTER 11 - Study Guide – The Civil War (Continued)
C11S3 - The Emancipation Proclamation
If to emancipate means to ______, then what is the Emancipation Proclamation? ______. Lincoln's primary goal as president was to "restore the Union". He stated this in a letter to the abolitionist newspaper publisher Horace ______. Why did President Lincoln change his mind about freeing the slaves? ______. Lincoln's cabinet convinced him to wait for a victory before issuing the proclamation. This "victory" came in September 1862, at the Battle of ______, known in the South as the Battle of: ______. The final Emancipation Proclamation was issued on Jan. 1, 1863 and initially had little effect because it only freed the slaves in ______.
Frederick Douglass called the Proclamation a “______”. Why were some abolitionists unhappy with the Proclamation? ______
The Emancipation Proclamation got its true power because it changed the Civil War into a struggle for ______. It was no longer just a fight to save the nation. Now it was a fight to end slavery. The Proclamation also kept ______and ______from recognizing the Confederacy.
African Americans Helped the Union by volunteering for service. Over ______signed up to fight. Half of these servicemen were ______. All-black regiments were formed. The most famous of these was the ______who led an assault on ______in South Carolina. Their commander was Robert ______. One member of this regiment, ______became the first African American to win the ______of ______, America’s highest military honor.
C11S4 - The Civil War and American Life
Divisions Over the War - occurred in both the North and the South. Some southerners objected to the Confederate ______of their men. In the North, some Democrats blamed ______for starting the war. These Northern Democrats who were against the war were known as ______Both presidents Lincoln and Davis suspended the constitutional protection against unlawful imprisonment known as ______. Draft Laws were issued by both sides. The draft is a system of ______military service. Northerners could avoid the draft by paying the government $______. Southerners could avoid it if they owned ______or more slaves. Why is the Civil War sometimes called a “rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”? ______
The War and Economic Strain - Why did Northern industry boom? ______To pay for the war, Congress levied an income tax on people’s earnings. They also issued paper money which caused ______- a general rise in prices. Why do you think inflation was so much worse in the South? ______The draft caused ______in the North and food shortages caused ______in the South.
Women in the Civil War had many new opportunities on both sides. What types of “men’s jobs” did they do during the war? ______They also served as scouts and ______. Before the war, men were the ______The American Red Cross was founded by a Civil War nurse named ______At least ______women disguised themselves as men so they could fight.
C11S5 – Decisive Battles
Aside from Antietam, the war went very badly for the North until the summer of 1863. The Confederacy was led by the “Dream Team” of ______and “Stonewall” ______. In Dec. of 1862, they crushed the Union army under Burnside at ______. Lincoln replaced Burnside with the over-confident “Fighting Joe” ______. But he allowed Lee and Jackson to embarrass him in May of 1863 at ______. Unfortunately for the Confederacy, “Stonewall” Jackson was a victim of ______when he was shot by his own men and died days later. Lee had lost his “______”
The Tide Turned in favor of the North at ______. Just 3 days before this epic battle General George ______was given command of nearly 90,000 Union troops. Lee’s army numbered ______. The three-day battle culminated with a daring Confederate frontal assault known as “______”. The Union victory was costly for both sides as they suffered ______casualties while the south lost ______soldiers. The 53,000 total casualties make Gettysburg the bloodiest battle in American history. Why is Gettysburg often called the “Turning Point” of the Civil War?
______The day after Gettysburg, July 4, 1863, would bring another Union triumph.
In the West, Grant completed a six-week long ______to capture ______. The Union now controlled the entire Mississippi River and had gained the upper hand in the Civil War. After this victory, Lincoln gave General ______the command of all Union forces.
President Lincoln travelled to Gettysburg in November 1863 to dedicate a portion of the battlefield as a cemetery. His famous speech at this occasion is known as the ______.
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Name: ______Date: ______Period______
CHAPTER 11 - Study Guide – The Civil War (Continued)The Gettysburg Address -November 19, 1863
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
Translate Lincoln’s words into your own:
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Closing in on the Confederacy – Grant battled Lee all through 1864. He laid siege to ______and unlike McClellan, he kept ______. The other successful Union general was William T. ______who employed the tactic of “______” which was “all out attacks aimed at destroying an enemy’s army, its resources, and its people’s will to fight”. Sherman’s campaign from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia became known as the “______to the ______”.
Peace at Last – Knowing the end of the war was near, President Lincoln asked the North to forgive and forget in his 2nd inaugural address when he said “With ______toward none, with ______for all;…”. On April 9, 1865, General ______finally surrendered to General ______at ______, VA. U.S. Grant’s terms were very ______.
The War’s Terrible toll included 260,000 Confederate casualties and over ______Union soldiers lost. At the end of the Civil War the country was ______and ______had ended. However, more than a century would pass before African Americans would begin to experience the full meaning of ______.
Why did Lee finally decide to surrender? ______
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Name: ______Date: ______Period______
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CHAPTER 10 - Study Guide – The Nation Divided (Continued)
Use your knowledge, study guide, and textbook to complete the following:
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