Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion (1790-1825)

NAME______

Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism

After the War of 1812

• After the War of 1812, there weren’t political divisions

• Election of 1816- Republican James ______saw almost no opposition

• The ______weakened after by their doubts of loyalty during the War of 1812

• Even though the Federalist Party almost disappeared, many of its ______gained popularity

• Including support for ______to protect industries and a national bank

The Era of Good Feelings

• Political differences among citizens seemed to fade

• A Boston newspaper called in the Era of Good Feelings

• James Monroe symbolized these good feelings- representing a ______America

• Monroe traveled the country without a escort

• Monroe felt there was a “desire in the body of the people to show their attachment to the ______”

• 1820- Monroe was reelected

• Received all but ______electoral vote

Sectionalism

• ______differences soon brought an end to the Era of Good Feelings

• Most Americans felt a strong allegiance to the region where they lived

• They thought of themselves as ______or Southerners or Northerners

• This sectionalism grew more intense over national policies

• The Southerners supported ______and the rights of the states to govern themselves

• Southerners felt the federal government and the people in the North interfered with the right to maintain the institution of ______

• The three regions disagreed on tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements

John C. Calhoun

• A War Hawk from South ______

• Supported internal improvements, development of industries, and a national bank

• He believed these would benefit the ______

• In the 1820s, Calhoun’s views began to change

• He became the chief supporter of ______sovereignty (States have the right to govern themselves)

• Became a strong opponent of national programs

• Calhoun and Southerners opposed ______because they raised the prices of manufactured goods that they could not make themselves

• Said tariffs protected inefficient manufacturers

Daniel Webster

• From New Hampshire

• First supported free trade and shipping interests of ______

• Webster came to favor the tariff of 1816, which protected American industries from foreign competition

• Also supported other policies that would strengthen the nation and help the ______

• Webster was a great speaker

• “Liberty and ______, now and forever, one and inseparable!”

Henry Clay

• From Kentucky

• Was a War Hawk

• Represented the ______

• National leader

• Tried to ______sectional disputes

Sectional Tension in 1820

• Over slavery in states when they ______the Union

• The South wanted Missouri admitted as a ______state

• Northerners wanted it to be a ______state

• At the same time, Maine (Part of Mass.) applied for statehood

• Henry Clay helped make a compromise that preserved the ______between North and South

The Missouri Compromise

• Of 1820

• Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state

• Slavery was banned north of the ______parallel

• Clay believed this would benefit all sections

The American System

• Clay called this the American System and included 3 parts

• 1. Protective ______

• 2. program of ______improvements

• 3. A National ______

• Many ______did not see the benefits of the tariffs or internal improvements

• In the End, little of Clay’s system went into effect

McCulloch v. Maryland

• The Supreme Court also was involved in the sectional and ______rights issues

• The ______government was strengthened

• Maryland put a tax on the National Bank and the Bank refused to pay it

• Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Maryland had no right to ______the Bank

• Marshall ruled that a state government could not interfere with a federal agency that was using constitutional powers in that ______

• The tax was interfering with the bank and its constitutional powers and was unconstitutional

Gibbons v. Ogden

• Established that states could not pass laws that interfere with congressional powers in interstate commerce

• Those that supported states’ rights believed that this decision increased ______power

• At the expense of the ______

Foreign Affairs- Relations With Britain

• 1817 Rush-Bagot Treaty- The US and Britain agreed to limit the number of naval vessels on the Great Lakes

• Also remove ______on the border

• Convention of 1818- Set the boundary of the Louisiana Territory between the US and Canada at the ___ parallel

• Also a secure and demilitarized border

• Through the efforts of Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, Americans gained the right to settle the ______Country

Foreign Affairs- Relations With Spain

• Spain owned East Florida and claimed West ______

• The US argued that West Florida was part of the Louisiana Purchase

• In 1810 and 1812- The US added parts of West Florida to Louisiana and Mississippi

• Spain objected but took no ______

• General Andrew Jackson was ordered to stop ______raids on America from Florida

• April 1818- Jackson invaded Florida (Without ______) and took Spanish forts

• The Spanish did nothing about it

Adams–Onís Treaty and Mexico

• 1819- Adams–Onís Treaty- The US gained ______

• In return, the US gave up claims to Spanish ______

• The US also gained a territory in the Pacific Northwest

• In 1810- A priest, Miguel Hidalgo, led a rebellion in ______

• Hidalgo called for racial equality and redistribution of land

• The Spanish defeated the revolutionaries and executed Hidalgo

• ______- Mexico gained independence

Bolívar and San Martín

• Simón Bolívar led the independence movement in Venezuela, Columbia, Panama, ______, and Ecuador

• José de San Martín led the independence movements in Chile and Peru

• By 1824- Spain lost control of most of ______

The Monroe Doctrine

• 1822- The Quadruple Alliance (France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia) discussed plans to regain its American holdings

• The possibility of increased ______involvement in North America led President Monroe to take action

• December 2, 1823- The Monroe ______

• North and South America “are henceforth not to be considered as future ______by any European powers.”

• This became an important element in American ______policy

Essential Question

• How were nation-building issues resolved in the early 1800’s?

– 1. ______differences brought about the Missouri Compromise

– 2. The Supreme Court issued decisions that strengthen the power of the federal government over ______governments

– 3. Territorial issues were resolved in agreements with Britain and Spain, while the Monroe doctrine stopped further land disputes with ______countries