Name______
Chapter 20 and Part of Chapter 18
Chapter 18
Economic Expansion, Social Change, and the Social Order of the 18th Century, 507-510
1. Describe the population explosions that occurred in Europe during this time period.
2. Explain the concept of the family and family roles during the 18th century.
3. What were the traditional attitudes toward childcare? How and why did they change during the second half of the century?
4. Explain the lower class’ responses to the anxiety of childcare.
5. Who was beginning to use birth control techniques?
An Agricultural Revolution?; New Methods of Finance; European Industry, 510-512
1. Why is there a debate about the use of the term Agricultural Revolution in the 18th century?
2. What four factors led to an increase in food production during the 18th century?
a.
b.
c.
d.
1. How was the amount of land under cultivation increased? What was the result?
2. How did having more livestock affect food production?
3. What was the significance of Jethro Tull’s scientific farming?
4. What was the significance of the American potato on the European diet and on the poor?
5. What were the results of enclosing old open fields?
6. What happened to small English farmers as a result of the enclosure acts?
7. What was unique about the Bank of England founded in 1694? How did this influence the continued use of paper money instead of gold and silver?
8. What were the risks of the new financial institutions of the early 18th century?
9. Why was the British government able to borrow large sums of money?
10. Where was the true financial center of Europe until the 19th century?
11. What was the most important European industry in the 18th century?
12. Describe the “putting-out”/ “domestic” system / cottage industry.
13. What eventually made the cottage industry in the late 18th century impractical?
14. What new inventions were the result of the growing demand in textiles?
a.
b.
c.
CHAPTER 20
The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on European Society
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, 553-560
1. Using pages 553-554, identify and explain the significance of seven reasons why Britain was able to industrialize before other countries.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
2. Technological Changes—Fill in the table below
Field / Important People and their Contributions / Innovations and their ImpactTextiles
Steam
Iron
Transportation
The Factory
3. What effect did the power loom have on hand-loom weavers?
4. Read Factory Rules, Foundry and Engineering Works of the Royal Overseas Trading Company, Berlin on page 559. Describe the likely appearance and personality of a man or woman who had worked for five years under the rules of the Berlin Trading Company.
5. Describe the Crystal Palace and its purpose.
The Spread of Industrialization, 560-565
6. List six impediments to industrialization on the Continent. Be sure to elaborate on each reasons impact.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
7. Map 20.1: How well does the railroad system connect important British industrial areas?
8. How did the British try and prevent the other countries from borrowing its industrial technology?
9. Identify the various ways governments in most Continental countries began encouraging industrialization beginning the 1830s.
10. What role did joint-stock investments play on the Continent?
11. Map 20.2: What reasons could explain why coal mining and iron industries are densely clustered in manufacturing and industrial areas?
12. What were the three centers of manufacturing on the Continent? What did those countries produce and what gave those countries an advantage over other parts of Europe?
13. What were some advantages the United States enjoyed over European nations?
14. Why did Russia not have its Industrial Revolution until the end of the nineteenth century?
The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution, 566-576
15. Why did population increase, even as birthrates went down? Give specific causes for the decline in death rates.
16. Why was the potato critical to the Irish rural population?
17. What initially caused the Great Hunger/Great Irish Potato Famine? What were the results?
18. Why did Britain have to import food after the 1850s?
19. Why did Continental urban population grow less dramatically than British urban population?
20. Describe the “rings” of a city in regard to where different groups of people lived.
21. Describe the conditions of the following:
Living in a cellar
Sanitary conditions
Food quality
22. What did the Poor Law Commissioners determine?
23. What was Edwin Chadwick’s goal and what did he recommend the British government do to alleviate the conditions faced by the working class?
24. What was the problem with cholera?
25. What made the Industrial Middle Class “new”?
26. Why did religious minorities play prominent roles as early industrial leaders in Britain?
27. Typically during the first half of the nineteenth century what was the largest group of urban workers?
28. List the initial conditions of early factories.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
29. What dangers and poor conditions abounded in the coal mines?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E
30. What were the various ways that children were useful in the cotton factories?
A.
B.
C.
D.
31. Describe a pauper apprentice.
32. Who dominated 50% of the textile labor force before 1870?
33. Why did factory acts affect the traditional family pattern?
34. Why did the British pass the Combinations Acts in 1799 and 1800 and what did these laws do?
35. What was the purpose of trade unions?
A.
B.
36. Who were the Luddites and what was their goal?
37. What did the Chartist’s “people’s charter” demand in 1838?
A.
B.
C.
38. Despite failing, what was the impact of Chartism as a movement?
39. What restrictions made up the factory acts passed from 1802-1819? What were the limitations to these laws?
40. What were the conditions of the…
Factory Act of 1833
Ten Hours Act 1847
Coal Mines Act 1842