PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW (attached 3 pages)

In PartI, youare limitedto1,800 words;

Pleaseindicatethewordcountforyourresponses onthefinal page.

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PART I (MAXIMUM 1,800 WORDS)

Albertonia, anindependentcountry in theplainsof South America, has forcenturiesmaintainedfriendlyrelationswiththeneighbouringRepublicof Lusitaniland.

Theirrelations are governedbyseveralmultilateral treaties(includingtheUnited
NationsCharter, theViennaConventionontheLawof Treaties, and theVienna
ConventiononDiplomaticRelations) and bytheircommonmembershipin a regional integrationsystem, theOrganizationof South American Unity(OSAU), which
comprisesfiveotherSouth American countriesand whichestablishes, amongotherthings, aninternalmarketand commoninstitutionsforthemaintenanceof peace

and security.

In January2014, a revolutionin Lusitanilandleads toanoverthrowof the
governmentand theassumptionof powerbypoliticalforceshostiletoAlbertonia
becauseof whattheyperceiveas Albertonia␣sradical free-marketpolicies.

Thenew governmentquicklyproceedstothenationalizationof severalAlbertoniancompanies␣operationsin Lusitaniland, whichprovokesmuchangerin Albertonia
and has theAlbertoniangovernmentmobilizeitsarmedforcesand holdmilitary
manoeuvresclosetotheborderbetweenthetwocountries.

Publicoutragein LusitanilandagainstthisperceivedprovocationbyAlbertoniais
great, and in July2014, a groupof demonstratorsentertheAlbertonianembassy
in theLusitaniancapital, Caramba. Theytakeseveralembassystaffhostageand keepthebuildingoccupied. Lusitaniland␣spoliceforcestakeposition outsidethebuilding, whilethemostpopular radio stationin Caramba praisestheoccupation
as anactof ␣couragein thefaceof thebrutal imperialismof Albertonia␣.

In response, Albertoniasets Lusitanilanda 24hour ultimatumtofree theembassy
staffand liberatetheembassybuilding. At theendof theultimatum, Albertonia
dispatchesa specialhelicopterunitof itsair forcetorescuethestaff.
TheunitentersCaramba at 2am on15 July, managestofree twoof thehostagesbutisthenrepelledbyanangrymoband loses a helicopterin theoperation.
Twoof theAlbertoniansoldiersinvolvedin theoperationare takenbytheoccupiersas ␣prisonersof war␣. AlbertoniathenbringsthematterbeforethePeace
Council of theOSAU, whichauthorizes, by5 votes to2, a peaceenforcementmissionof theOrganization.
Themission, whichisquicklydispatchedand containsforcesfromthreememberstates(mostforcesas wellas thecommander-­‐in chiefare fromAlbertonia), entersLusitanilandon2 August, occupiestheembassy, freesthehostagesand returnstheembassytoAlbertoniancontrol.
InvitedbyAlbertonia, theOSAU keepsprotectingtheembassyfromattacksbythepopulationof Lusitaniland. Meanwhile, Santiania, anothermemberstateof the OSAU, declares that, in response toLusitaniland´sirresponsiblebehaviour, it
suspendsalleconomicrelationswiththecountry and alsosuspendstheoperationof thechapterontraderelationsin theCharterof OSAU.

Lusitanilandtakesthecase againstAlbertonia, theOSAU and Santiania, tothe
International Court off Justice. ItaskstheICJ todeclare:

  1. ThatAlbertoniahas violatedinternationallawbyenteringLusitaniland␣sterritorywithitshelicopterunit;
  2. ThatOSAU and AlbertoniahaveviolatedinternationallawbyenteringLusitaniland␣sterritorywiththeOSAU␣speaceenforcementmission;
  3. ThatSantianiahas violatedinternationallawbyunlawfullysuspendingtheoperationof the
    tradechapterof theOSAU Charter.

Albertonia, in itscounterclaim, askstheICJ todeclare that:

  1. Lusitanilandhas violatedinternationallawthroughitsactionsin relationtotheoccupationof theAlbertonianembassyin Caramba.

HowshouldtheICJ decide?

Annex: MaterialsforPartI : Jurisdictionof theICJ

Lusitaniland␣sambassadortotheHaguehas madethefollowingdeclarationin 1958:
␣I declare onbehalfof theGovernmentof theRepublicof LusitanilandthatI recognize
as compulsory ipso facto and withoutspecialagreement, in relationtoanyotherState
acceptingthesameobligation, thejurisdictionof theInternational Courtof Justice, in
conformitywithArticle36, paragraph2, of theStatuteof theCourt, in legal disputes
arisingafter13 July1948 concerningsituationsorfactssubsequenttothatdate, except
thosein regardtowhichthepartieshaveagreedormayagreetohaverecourseto
anothermethodof pacificsettlement.␣Santianiahas madeanequivalentdeclarationin
1984 forsituationsarisingafterthatdate.

Albertoniahas madeanequivalentdeclarationin 1987 forsituationsafterthatdate, addinga provisionthatreads: ␣Thejurisdictionof theCourtdoesnotextendtosituationsthatare essentiallywithinthedomesticjurisdictionof Albertonia.␣

TheCharterof theOrganizationof South American UnityArticle19:

  1. ThePeaceCouncil isthehighestdecision-­‐makingbodyof theOSAU in mattersof peaceand security.
  2. Itiscomposedof representativesof allmemberstates. 3
  1. Ittakesdecisionsbya majorityof at leasttwothirdsof allmembers.

Article20:

Allmemberstatesare boundbythedecisionsof thePeaceCouncil.

Article24:

  1. ThePeaceCouncil can determine theexistenceof a threattothepeacein South
    America.
  1. Whena threattothepeaceexists, thePeaceCouncil can takethenecessary
    measurestorestorepeaceand securityin South America.
  2. Thesemeasuresmayinvolve, forexample, thesuspensionof traderelationswith
    oneof thememberstates.