Name ______Period ______Date ______

1st Semester Study Guide

*** Your study guide MUST be Neat, Clean, Legible, and Detailed! Use your Notes, textbook, or my website to answer each question

Section 1: MINERALS (pg. 62-79)

  1. How to test the hardness of a mineral (pg. 69)

-Include a picture of the Mohs Scale

*To test the hardness of a mineral you: ______

______

______

Picture of the Mohs Scale: (pg. 69) – COMPLETE THE CHART

Mohs Scale / Hardness
1
Gypsum
3
4
Apatite
Feldspar
7
8
Corundum
Diamond
  1. How to perform a streak test (Pg. 71)

*To perform a streak test you need to ______

______

  1. Describe the difference between fracture and cleavage (Pg. 71)

*______is when minerals break with uneven, rough, or jagged surfaces.

*______is when minerals break along smooth flat surfaces.

  1. Minerals special properties (Pg. 72)

-Magnetism attracts magnets and will pick up iron fillings

-Chemical reaction with Calcite (Include a picture)

*When hydrochloric acid (HLC) is dropped on calcite it will ______.

Picture

  1. Crystalline structure when magma cools fast and slow

*When magma cools slow the crystals will be ______.

*When magma cools fast the crystals will be ______.

Section 2: Rocks(pg. 90-109)

  1. List the 3 types of rocks and their characteristics

-Igneous (difference between intrusive and extrusive)(pg. 95)

*Intrusive: Located ______the Earth’s surface

These type of rocks cool very ______and have ______sized crystals

*Extrusive: Located ______the Earth’s surface

These type of rock cool very ______and have ______sized crystals

-Sedimentary (difference between compaction and cementation)(pg. 104)

*Compaction is when ______from the upper layers pushes down on the lower layers.

*Cementation: As ______moves through soil and rock, it picks up materials released from minerals during ______. These minerals act like natural ______, and hold the sediments together like ______.

-Metamorphic (difference between foliated and nonfoliated) (pg. 101,102)

* Foliated Rocks: The mineral grains line up in ______.

* Nonfoliated Rocks: ______does not occur. The mineral grains grow and ______

  1. Picture of the rock cycle(Compete the diagram with arrows and labels) pg.91

SedimentsSedimentary Rock

Igneous RockMetamorphic Rock

Magma

Section 3: Natural Resources (pg 120-135)

  1. Renewable resources (List and describe the 5 and give examples for each)
  1. ______

______

Example: ______

  1. ______

______

Example: ______

  1. ______

______

Example: ______

  1. ______

______

Example: ______

  1. ______

______

Example: ______

  1. Nonrenerable resources (Give a description of each)

-Fossil Fuels (list and describe the 3 types)(pg120-123)

  1. Coal –______

______

  1. Oil –______

Example - ______

  1. Natural gas –______

Example - ______

-Nuclear (pg.127)

* Nuclear energy is an alternate energy resource produced from ______.

Example - ______

  1. Include 1 picture for renewable and 1 picture for nonrenewable

Renewable resource pictureNonrenewable resource picture

This is a picture of ______This is a picture of ______

Section 4: Soil(pg. 190-191)

  1. Draw and label a picture of the soil profile (pg. 191)


  1. Describe the characteristics of each layer (Pg. 191)

*A Horizon: Also called the ______, and is the ______layer

Is covered in ______

Very ______and fertile

Composed of ______which provides nutrients for the soil

*B Horizon: Also called the ______

______occurs in this layer which is the removal of minerals that have been dissolved in water.

*C Horizon: Also called the ______, and is the ______layer

Consists of ______

This horizon is most like the ______.

  1. What are the components of soil? (What is it made up of) (Pg. 190)

*Soil is made up of ______and ______, ______, ______, and ______.

Section 5: Weathering (Pg. 182-186)

  1. Mechanical weathering

-List the 3 types and describe the characteristics of each

1.______

______

2.______

______

3. ______

______

  1. Chemical weathering

-List the 3 types and describe the characteristics of each

1.______

______

2.______

______

3. ______

______

  1. Provide 1 picture of mechanical and 1 picture of chemical weathering

Picture of mechanical weatheringPicture of Chemical Weathering

This is a pict. of ______This is a pict. of ______

Section 6: Erosion and Deposition

Give examples of erosion and deposition for each erosional force.

Erosional Force / Erosion / Deposition
Gravity
(pg. 210-214)
Glaciers
(Pg. 215-220)
Wind
(pg. 222-227)

Section 7: Plate Tectonics (pg. 272-289)

  1. Draw, label, and give characteristics of the 3 ways plate tectonics move

1. Divergent Boundary (pg. 281)

Pict:These type of plates move ______

2. Convergent Boundary (pg. 282)

Pict:*These type of plates move ______

*The denser plate will ______under the less

dense plate.

*The area where the plate goes under the other plate

is called the ______, and a

______can form here.

3. Transform Boundary (pg. 284)

Pict:*These type of plates occur when ______

______

  1. Using the flow chart, describe the difference between continental drift, seafloor spreading, and plate tectonics
  1. List 5 supporting evidences that Alfred Wegner’s theory, continental drift, existed.
  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______
  4. ______
  5. ______
  1. Label the layers of the Earth
  1. Explain how convection currents occur

-A convection current is the ______, ______, ______, and ______of magma.

-The hot, ______magma rises, cools, and becomes ______causing it to sink.

-This cycle is what causes the ______to move.

  1. Describe the age of rocks the closer and farther away they get from the mid ocean ridge.

-The closer to the mid ocean ridge, the ______the rock.

-The farther away from the mid ocean ridge, the ______the rock.

1)When an earthquake occurs, energy is released in the form of ______.

  1. seismic wavesc. magnitude
  2. faultsd. tsunamis

2)What kind of a wave causes particles in rocks to move side to side at right angles to the direction of the waves?

  1. surface wavesc. secondary waves
  2. primary wavesd. tsunami waves

3)What kind of waves causes particles in rocks to move back and forth in compressions in the same direction?

  1. surface wavesc. secondary waves
  2. primary wavesd. tsunami waves

4)An earthquake’s ______is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake focus.

  1. elastic limitc. epicenter
  2. focusd. primary wave

5)The Richter scale measures the ______of an earthquake.

  1. magnitude c. liquefaction
  2. intensityd. fault

6)Normal faults are created by ______forces.

  1. compressionc. sliding
  2. tensiond. exploding

7)Rocks are subject to the force of tension where Earth’s plates ______.

  1. slide past each otherc. move apart
  2. come togetherd. slide over another one

8)______forces are present where Earth’s plates come together.

  1. explosivec. tension
  2. elasticd. compression

9)At a ______fault, the rocks above the fault surface are forced up and over the rocks below the fault surface.

  1. liquidc. normal
  2. strike-slipd. reverse

10)Earthquakes create all of these types of waves EXCEPT ______

  1. tertiaryc. primary
  2. secondaryd. surface