Name

Period Date

Parent Signature:

DATE: June 22, 2015 AM

GENERAL FORMAT:MULTIPLE CHOICE

DIAGRAMS/CHARTS

GRAPHING

BRING WITH YOU:PENCIL

CALCULATOR

LS REFERENCE TABLE (provided)

Keys to Studying:

Find a quiet place without distractions

Organize your materials: notes, labs, quizzes, and tests

Identify concepts you need work on and limit the time you spend on things you already know

Study in short increments (10-20 min), then change methods. Setting a timer might help you with this.

Review nightly, rather than cramming

Make your studying active - create games, quizzes, songs, motions, sketches etc.

Your brain seeks patterns color-coding and organizing information into charts and tables will help you remember it in the future

Resources:

Use your notes, labs, quizzes, and tests – the final exam is based on what you have learned this year

Use your LS Reference Table, it is a valuable tool

Ms. Menegio’s website (SCIENCE 7 and SCIENCE 7 REVIEW)

Castle Learning – create your own quizzes and vocabulary reviews

Study Stack ( - create your own puzzles and review games

Life Science Skills

Be certain to remember the “Rules for Graphing” including: heading, title, labeled axis’, use of a pencil and ruler, scale and key.

Be able to translate a piece of DNA for protein synthesis: DNA  RNA  AMINO ACID

Be able to use a metric ruler, triple-beam balance and graduated cylinder to measure length, mass, and volume of an object.

What are the parts of the microscope? What are the functions of these parts?

How should a microscope be carried and prepared for storage?

Be able to focus on object under scanning, low, or high power magnification.

Be able to determine total magnification: TOTAL MAG = OCULAR X OBJECTIVE

Be able to determine the field of view and size of an object under magnification:

ESTIMATED SIZE = FIELD OF VIEW (mm)

# OF TIMES THE OBJECT FITS

IN THE FIELD OF VIEW


Outline of Topics for the Life Science Written Exam

CELL BIOLOGY AND MICROSCOPY (~25%)

LANGUAGE: How do the Ancient Greek/Latin languages impact our understanding of the natural world?

  • Know how to use the PURPLE sheet to decode a scientific term.

Laboratory Tools: Be able to identify and know the use of basic laboratory tools

Microscope: See Practical Section

Measurement: Be able to measure, length, volume and mass

Characteristics of Life

  • What are the characteristics of life?

INTERNAL/EXTERNAL MOVEMENTREPRODUCTIONGROWTH

RESPONSE TO STIMULUSMETABOLISMADAPTATION

  • Be able to define and state examples of each.

Micro-organisms: compare similarities and differences in single-celled organisms

  • Including Monerans, Protists, and Fungi
  • Define and give examples of the following terms PROKARYOTES, EUKARYOTES, AUTOTROPHS, HETEROTROPHS, UNICELLULAR and MULTI-CELLULAR organisms

Cell Theory: Know the three parts by heart.

Cell Structure: Be able to recognize cell organelles in a diagram and state the function of these organelles.

  • CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM, MITOCHONDRIA, CELL WALL, CHLOROPLASTS, GOLGI BODIES, RIBOSOMES, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, LYSOSOMES

Animal vs. Plant Cells: What are the differences and similarities between animal and plant cells?

Cell Transport: How and why do molecules move across the cell membrane?

  • Identify specific structures of the cell membrane involved in transport such as lipids and carrier proteins
  • Label a cell membrane model
  • Define semi-permeable, diffusion, osmosis, passive transport and active transport.

Cell Energy: How does a cell develop energy for itself? What are the similarities and differences between fermentation and respiration?

  • How does a cell produce ATP through fermentation and respiration.

Cell Division: Mitosis: How does a cell replicate?

  • Be familiar with the phases of mitosis and the changes that occur within a cell during these phases.
  • INTERPHASE  PROPHASE  METAPHASE  ANAPHASE TELOPHASE
  • Be able to recognize these phases by photos or diagrams.

GENETICS (~25%)

Biochemistry: Be familiar with general chemical structures and their importance to living organisms (EX. CO2, O2, amino acids, glucose)

  • Be able to read a Periodic Table of Elements
  • Know the difference between ORGANIC and INORGANIC molecules
  • Know how INDICATORS are used to identify the presence of certain chemicals

Principles of Genetics: What are inheritable traits and how are they transmitted from one generation to the next?

  • What is an inheritable trait? What is a gene? What is meiosis?
  • ½ DNA + ½ DNA = 1 whole DNA

Structure of DNA: Be familiar with the structure of DNA. What is a nucleotide? (phosphate – 5-carbon sugar – nitrogenous bases.) Be familiar with how bases are linked. (adenine bonds to thymine (A-T); cytosine bonds with guanine (C-G))

DNA Replication: How is RNA different from DNA? What is uracil?

  • Be able to use a flow chart to describe the processes taken by a cell to synthesize proteins from a strand of DNA
  • Transcription
  • Codon Formation
  • Translation
  • What occurs in a cell when proteins are synthesized?

Genotypes and Phenotypes: How are they represented (Ex: BB = brown eyes)?

  • How is a dominant gene different from a recessive gene?
  • Be familiar with how genotypes are represented?
  • Homozygous dominant/purebred dominant (Ex: BB)
  • Homozygous recessive/purebred recessive (Ex: bb)
  • Heterozygous/hybrid (Ex: Bb)

Variations in Gene Expression: special cases

  • Dominance
  • Co-dominance (mixed appearance)
  • Incomplete Dominance (blending)
  • Multiple Alleles (Ex. Blood type)
  • Sex-linked traits (Ex. Hemophilia, color blindness)

Predicting Genetics: Be familiar with how to use a Punnett Square to determine genetic probabilities.

Genetic Counseling: Be familiar with how to design and/or interpret a genetic pedigree.

Topics in Modern Genetics: How do these impact our lives today?

  • Selective breeding/Inbreeding
  • Cloning
  • Genetic Engineering
  • Forensic Applications

ECOLOGY (~25%)

Principles of Ecology: Define ECOSYSTEM, COMMUNITY, POPULATION, BIOME and NICHE

What are BIOTIC and ABIOTIC factors? How do they impact an ecosystem?

Food Webs and Energy Pyramids: Be able to interpret information from a food web.

Define PRODUCER, CONSUMER and DECOMPOSER

How does energy flow through a food web?

Be able to construct an ENERGY PYRAMID to reflect a single food chain from a food web. Be able to interpret information from an ENERGY PYRAMID.

  • As you climb the energy pyramid, energy levels decrease as does the population size of organisms.
  • The sun and decomposers are not placed in an energy pyramid.

Interactions within an Ecosystem:

  • Competition – within and between species
  • Predator vs. Prey Relationships
  • SYMBIOSIS: What is symbiosis? Define and state examples of the three forms: MUTUALISM, COMMENSALISM, PARASITISM.

Photosynthesis – What are the ingredients necessary for a plant to go through photosynthesis? What are the products of it?

  • Be able to recognize the chemical formula for photosynthesis:

sun

6H2O + 6CO2  C6H12O6 + 6O2

chlorophyll

Cycles of Matter: Be able to recognize and/or design the following cycles:

  • CO2/O2 Cycle – how are PHOTOSYNTHESIS and RESPIRATION involved in the cycling of these essential gases
  • Water Cycle – how are the following processes involved in the cycling of water on Earth: EVAPORATION, TRANSPIRATION, CONDENSATION, RUN-OFF, ABSORPTION, GROUNDWATER
  • Nitrogen Cycle -

Human Impact: Provide examples as to how humans positively and negatively impact ecosystems of the world.

Biomes of the World:

Define the terms BIOME, TERRESTRIAL, and AQUATIC

Be able to identify and characterize the major terrestrial and aquatic biomes

Evolution: Describe how changes in the environment can lead to adaptations and eventually the evolution of species.

  • Explain natural selection
  • Evidence for natural selection: fossils, comparative anatomy and embryology, and genetics

THE HUMAN BODY (~25%)

Homeostasis: To maintain a stable internal environment optimal for survival

  • Lock and Key – how do cell membranes, hormones, enzymes and immune responses use a lock and key system to regulate the human body
  • Negative Feedback Systems – how can opposition be used to maintain balance
  • Give examples of negative feedback systems

Organization in Multi-cellular Organisms:

  • CELL  TISSUE  ORGAN  ORGAN SYSTEM  ORGANISM
  • Be able to identify tissue types: Muscle, Connective, Nervous, and Epithelial

The Skeletal System:

  • What are the five functions of the skeleton?
  • Describe the structures found in moveable joints of the body (LIGAMENTS, TENDONS, CARTILAGE)
  • What are the various joints of the body and where are they found? Ex: Hinge joint = elbow
  • What is the difference between an ENDOSKELETON and an EXOSKELETON?

The Muscular System:

  • What is the function of the muscular system?
  • Define CARDIAC, SMOOTH, and SKELETAL MUSCLE
  • Where are they found? State example of each.
  • What is the difference between an INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE and a VOLUNTARY MUSCLE

Nutrients of the Body:

  • What are the six main nutrients of the body?
  • What do carbohydrates, fats and proteins do for our body?
  • What are the building blocks of carbohydrates, fats and proteins?
  • Carbohydrates = sugars
  • Fats = fatty acids and glycerol
  • Proteins = amino acids

The Digestive System:

  • What are the structures and functions of each structure of the digestive system. (SALIVARY GLANDS, ESOPHAGUS, MOUTH, STOMACH, PANCREAS, LIVER, GALL BLADDER, SMALL INTESTINE, LARGE INTESTINE)
  • What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
  • Define: ENZYME
  • Where does most nutrient absorption take place?
  • Where are carbohydrates, fats and proteins digested in the digestive system? Which digestive fluids are used?
  • How is egestion different from excretion?

The Circulatory System:

  • What is the function of the circulatory system?
  • How does blood flow through the heart?
  • What are the components of the blood and the function of each component: PLASMA, RED BLOOD CELL, WHITE BLOOD CELL, and PLATELETS.
  • What are the differences between CAPILLARIES, VEINS and ARTERIES?

The Respiratory System:

  • What is the function of the respiratory system?
  • Gas Exchange: Describe the process of gas exchange that occurs between the alveoli and capillaries of your lungs.

The Excretory System:

  • What is the function of the excretory system?
  • Be able to recognize the organs of the excretory system and state the waste product it collects and/or removes from the body: SKIN, LUNGS, LIVER, KIDNEY

The Nervous System:

  • What is the function of the central nervous system?
  • Structure of a neuron including: AXON, DENDRITE, and CELL BODY
  • How does a nerve impulse pass through the body?
  • Explain how a REFLEX ARC works as a protective mechanism
  • Be able to recognize the different parts of the brain and state the function of each part: CEREBRUM, CEREBELLUM, MEDULLA

Endocrine System:

  • What is the function of the endocrine system?
  • How does the body maintain homeostasis using the chemical regulation of hormones
  • Identify the glands and the hormones they produce

Reproductive System:

  • Describe the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction
  • Define FERTILIZATION, GESTATION, and ZYGOTE
  • Identify the structures and functions of the male reproductive system
  • Identify the structures and functions of the female reproductive system

Immune System:

  • What is the function of the immune system?
  • Identify the roles of antigens and antibodies.

Notes:

Diagrams: