KNOW + LOVE + SERVE
CE 10 REVIEW FOR MIDTERM EXAM
A Walk to Remember A video depicting teenage high school life and following the lives of two individuals –Landon Carter and Jamie Sullivan- and their respective friends and family. It depicts a number of ways in which teenagers’ action or inaction may be moral or immoral. It also shows the way in which teenagers can form their character. For example, Landon Carter comes to discover who he really is and, through more appropriate choices and actions (exercising his freedom of choice in a positive way so that the outcome of his decisions favor him and others), changes who he is becoming. He is open to growth and becomes a person who is: loving, intelligent, responsible, social, spiritual and virtuous. He is Jamie’s miracle!
Accountable / Imputable Our actions belong to us and can be attributable to us. Therefore, we ‘own’ our actions.
Beatitudes
Happy are the poor in spirit;
Theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Happy are the gentle;
They shall inherit the earth.
Happy are those who mourn;
They shall be comforted.
Happy are those who hunger and thirst for what is right:
They shall be satisfied.
Happy are the merciful:
They shall receive mercy.
Happy are the pure in heart;
They shall see God.
Happy are the peacemakers;
They shall be called children of God.
Happy those who are persecuted in the cause of the right:
Theirs is the kingdom of heaven.”
Blasphemy Speaking hateful words against God
Capacity for Moral Acts We are capable of moral acts because we are rational, free & able to love.
Cardinal Virtues These are four: Fortitude, Justice, Prudence, and Temperance. These are known as “The Moral Virtues”
These four virtues support moral living – they can be gained through education and repeated practice in using them.
Fortitude: gives the strength to endure in doing the right thing
Justice: renders to others their due; social justice looks especially to the needs of the poor.
Prudence: helps in forming right judgments
Temperance: helps in moderating our desires and in using our many God-given gifts wisely.
Character Who we really are & who we are becoming through our choices & actions.
A person with “Character” is: loving, free, intelligent, responsible, open to growth, social, spiritual and virtuous.
An important part of forming character is living the virtues.
Charity (Love) This is one of the three theological virtues, involving the love of God and love of neighbor as one loves oneself.
The love of God poured into our hearts; it transforms and enables us to participate in God’s life and love, thus enabling us to love God and neighbour.
Church Law Obligations that the Church sets for faithful Catholics, especially the precepts of the Church, such as attending Mass on Sundays and days of Holy obligation.
Common Good This is the “Sum total of social conditions that allow people, either as groups or as individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and more easily”.
Conscience (Developed) Operates before, while and after we act.
Corporal Works of Mercy Feeding the hungry, sheltering the homeless, clothing the naked, visiting the sick and imprisoned, and burying the dead.
Despair Losing hope that God can save us
Determinist Someone who denies that people have the ability to choose.
Dignity This is the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect. Every human person has worth and value because each person is made in God’s image.
Divine Revelation The teachings and tradition of the church.
End does not Justify the Means To be a good action, the means must be moral. Good intentions do not make an act good if the means used are evil.
Envy Sadness over another person’s possessions and the inordinate desire to get them for oneself, even using unjust means.
Faith This is one of the three theological virtues. Faith is the belief in and personal knowledge of God.
Our acceptance of God’s revelation, His self-disclosure in the person of Jesus Christ; in addition, the firm acceptance of God’s truths based on His authority.
Final Goal of Life Unity with God
Fortitude This is one of the four cardinal virtues. This cardinal virtue gives the strength to endure in doing the right thing; Courage to persist in living a Christian life/courage to live Christ-like lives.
Free Will “The power, rooted in reason and will [that enables a person] to perform deliberate actions on one’s own responsibility”
Gives us the power to love: to choose the good for another person.
Freedom
External Freedom - To do all we can possibly do (physical)
Internal Freedom - To be all we can possibly be (spiritual)
Gambling Is not always immoral (for example, a raffle to raise money for the Knights of Columbus; Bingo games as fundraisers for non-profit organizations, etc.);
Golden Rule Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Grace The free and unmerited favor and love of God.
Holy Spirit One of the three persons in our triune God (i.e. Trinity = Father, Son, Holy Spirit).
Fruits of the Holy Spirit (12) First fruits of eternal glory: charity, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, generosity, gentleness, faithfulness, modesty, self-control, and chastity
Gifts of the Holy Spirit (7) God-given abilities that help us live a Christian life with God’s help. Jesus promised and bestows these gifts through the Holy Spirit, especially in the Sacrament of Confirmation. They are 7 gifts: Wisdom, Understanding, Knowledge, Counsel (right judgement), Fortitude, Piety (reverence), and Fear of the Lord (wonder and awe)
Hope This is one of the three theological virtues; it involves trust in God’s salvation and God’s bestowal of the graces needed to attain it
It is traditionally defined as the supernatural habit by which we trust with certitude that God will grant us eternal life and the means needed to attain it; Biblically, hope is the virtue by which Christians wait in joyful expectation for the coming of our Lord.
Human Unique, made in the divine image (in God’s image and likeness); we have a spiritual and immortal soul enabling us to share in God’s own life.
Only creatures God willed for their own sake .
To be human is to be yourself. Humans are basically good but flawed.
Human Abilities Include the ability to think, free will, the ability to love, the ability to respond, and the capacity to grow.
Human Reason Intellect – enables us to recognize God’s voice which is truth.
Human Experience Collective wisdom of others
Immoral act (sin) This is any unloving action or thought done knowingly and freely.
Incarnation Jesus, the “Word made Flesh”.
Instinct Animals are bound by instinct
Intelligence Capacity that allows us to choose to love; whereas humans have human reason, animals are bound by instinct.
Jesus Christ Our model and norm for living a fully human life; our greatest help in living a moral, responsible life because he is God’s Son and our Saviour.
Jesus had a special love for the poor (preached the beatitudes and lived poverty himself).
Justice This is one of the four Cardinal Virtues. Helps us to respect the rights of other humans; it gives God and each person his or her due by right; social justice looks especially to the needs of the poor.
Commutative Justice Regulates the relationships of exchange, fairness in agreements
Distributive Justice Protects and guarantees the common welfare; requires governmental authorities to guarantee citizens’ basic rights
Legal justice Governs what individuals owe society as a whole.
Social justice (Contributive justice)
Applies the gospel message of Jesus Christ to structures, systems, and laws of society in order to protect the dignity of persons and guarantee the rights of individuals; everyone has a right to contribute to how society, runs according to their ability.
Law
Four Types of Law: Natural law, Divine Positive Law, Civil Law, Church Law
Natural Law: Our ability to understand what we must do to develop as humans. Natural law is the universal and unchanging light of understanding that God placed at us in creation, teaching us what to do, what to avoid and who we are.
Divine Positive Law: Ten Commandments and the New Commandment – the highest norms of life.
Civil Law: Interprets the laws of nature for society
Church Law: The laws established by the church, including canon law – 6 Precepts of the Church for regular participation in Catholic life
Legal justice Governs what individuals owe society as a whole.
Love (Charity) This is the greatest of the three theological virtues. It is a moral code written on our hearts; a total self-sacrificing form of giving; the root of our relationship with Jesus and with one another.
Lying Speaking or acting against the truth in order to lead into error someone who has the right to know the truth. The seriousness of a lie depends on the circumstances, the intention of the liar and the harm suffered.
Magisterium This is the official teaching authority of the church. The Lord bestowed the right and power to teach in his name on Peter and the apostles and their successors, that is the Pope and the bishops.
Catholics must heed the teachings of the Magisterium because Jesus gave them the gift of infallibility, ensuring that the Holy Spirit would preserve them from error in matters of faith and morals.
Catholics have a serious duty to consult the Magisterium in areas of right and wrong.
Maximilian Kolbe He was a Catholic priest martyred at Auschwitz after he volunteered to give up his life in place of a Jewish prisoner. He truly walked in the steps of Christ: he knew, loved and served God (devoted his life to God by becoming a priest, had an active prayer life, etc.) as well as his neighbors, to the point that he gave up his own live for another man (and the man’s family). Pope John Paul II called him a “martyr of charity” upon his canonization in 1982.
Morality Knowledge based on human experience, reason, and God’s revelation, that discovers what we ought to be and what we ought to do to live fully human lives.
Knowing the difference between right and wrong.
A true response to the love relationship we have with all others as part of one family in Christ.
Basic Principle of Christian Morality: Do good and avoid evil.
Solid Principle of Christian Morality: The end does not justify the means.
Steps for living a Moral Life: Be who you are; Respect everyone; Develop and share your gifts; Love; Love God; Love ourselves; Love each other.
Mother Teresa She was a role model who lived during our time. This Nobel Peace Prize-winning Albanian nun, who founded the Missionary Sisters of Charity, spent a lifetime caring for the poor in India and was known as the “Saint of the Gutters”. After looking into her "life, virtues and reputation of sanctity" and confirming a miracle (Mother Teresa’s intercession in healing a woman suffering from stomach cancer), Mother Teresa was beatified. A second miracle is required for sainthood.
New Commandment Love one another as I have loved you.
Old Law The Law revealed through the Old Testament, especially the Ten Commandments.
Object-Intention-Circumstance Model
This is a model for decision making. It is a component of the Stop sign.
Moral Object “What?”
Most important.
An action is always either right or wrong. Must conform to the 10 commandments…
Intention “Why?”
Circumstances Can increase or decrease the moral goodness of an act.
“Who?, Where?, When?, How?
Parable of the Prodigal Son A good scriptural example of forgiveness
Paschal Mystery God’s love and salvation revealed through the life, passion, death, resurrection, and glorification (ascension) of Jesus Christ. The sacraments, especially the Eucharist, celebrate this great mystery of God’s love and make it possible for us to love in our own lives.
Prayer This is the living relationship of the children of God with their Father, who is good beyond measure, with his son Jesus Christ and with the Holy Spirit.
Prayer can help us listen to God and to be guided by through our minds, feelings, imaginations, emotions, and memories.
Precepts of the Church Minimal obligations binding on all members in good standing in the Catholic faith community. They include:
- Attending Mass on Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation and resting from servile work on those days.
- Observing the days of abstinence and fasting.
- Confessing our sins to a priest, at least once a year.
- Receiving Our Lord Jesus Christ in the Holy Eucharist at least once a year during Easter Season.
- Contributing to the support of the Church.
Prudence This is one of the four cardinal virtues. It is right reason in action; it helps us in forming right judgments; helps us to discover the good in every situation and to apply moral principles to every case.
Responsibility Implies possession of intelligence and freedom.
Revealed Law Laws that God has revealed to us both in the Old Law and in the New Law.